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Lecture 16

Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 can be used as timers to generate time delays or as event counters. They are 16-bit timers that use the TMOD register to select the operating mode and timer. A program example is provided to toggle LEDs on Port 1 by using Timer 0 in mode 1 to insert a delay between toggles. The program sets up Timer 0, loads the initial count value, starts the timer, waits for timeout flag to trigger, stops the timer, and clears the flag before repeating.

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CH MOHAMMAD ATTIR KHAYYAM
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36 views17 pages

Lecture 16

Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 can be used as timers to generate time delays or as event counters. They are 16-bit timers that use the TMOD register to select the operating mode and timer. A program example is provided to toggle LEDs on Port 1 by using Timer 0 in mode 1 to insert a delay between toggles. The program sets up Timer 0, loads the initial count value, starts the timer, waits for timeout flag to trigger, stops the timer, and clears the flag before repeating.

Uploaded by

CH MOHAMMAD ATTIR KHAYYAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 16

TIMERS/COUNTERS
CHAPTER 9
Timers /Counters
 The 8051 has 2 timers/counters:
 Timer/Counter 0
 Timer/Counter 1
They can be used as
1. The Timer :Used as a time delay generator.
 The clock source is the internal crystal frequency of the
8051.
2. An event Counter.
 Input pin to count the number of events

 These clock pulses represent the number of people passing


through an entrance, or the number of wheel rotations, or
any other event that can be converted to pulses.
Registers Used in Timer/Counter
 8051 has two 16-bit Timer registers ,Timer 0 & Timer 1.

 As 8051 has 8-bit architecture , each 16-bits timer is accessed


as two separate registers of low byte and high byte
 Timer 0: TH0, TL0

Timer 1: TH1, TL1


TMOD Register

 Both Timer 0 &Timer 1 use the same Mode register TMOD (8 Bits)

 It is an-8-bit register .The lower 4-bits are meant for Timer 0 & the upper 4-bits
are meant for Timer 1

 It is not bit addressable.

 It is used similar to any other register of 8051 . For ex:


MOV TMOD,#21H
TMOD Register

M1,M0
Used for mode selection. Because the Timers of 8051 can be set in 4-different modes.
Timer

Set the initial value of registers

Start the timer and then the 8051 counts up.

When the registers equal to 0 and the 8051 sets a bit (Timer Flag) to
denote time out 8051

P2 P1
Set
Timer 0 TH0

TL0
TMOD Register
TMOD Register

 Every timer has a mean of starting and stopping.


 GATE=0
 Internal control
 The start and stop of the timer are controlled by way of
software.
 Set/clear the TR for start/stop timer.
SETB TR0
CLR TR0
 GATE=1
 External control
 The hardware way of starting and stopping the timer by
software and an external source.
 Timer/counter is enabled only while the INT pin is high and
the TR control pin is set (TR).
TMOD Register
Examples
 Indicate which mode and which timer are selected for each of the
following.
(a) MOV TMOD, #01H
(b) (b) MOV TMOD, #20H
(c) (c) MOV TMOD, #12H

 Find the timer’s clock frequency and its period for various 8051-
based system, with the crystal frequency 11.0592 MHz when C/T
bit of TMOD is 0.

 Find the value for TMOD if we want to program timer 0 in mode 2,


use 8051 XTAL for the clock source, and use instructions to start and
stop the timer.
Working of Timer (Mode 1)
 For this , let us consider timer 0 as an example.
 16-bit timer (TH0 and TL0)
 TH0-TL0 is incremented continuously when TR0 is set to 1. And the
8051 stops to increment TH0-TL0 when TR0 is cleared.
 The timer works with the internal system clock. In other words, the
timer counts up each machine cycle.
 When the timer (TH0-TL0) reaches its maximum of FFFFH, it rolls
over to 0000, and TF0 is raised.
 Programmer should check TF0 and stop the timer 0.
Steps of Mode 1

1. Choose mode 1 timer 0


 MOV TMOD,#01H
2. Set the original value to TH0 and TL0.
 MOV TH0,#0FFH
 MOV TL0,#0FCH
3. Start the timer.
 SETB TR0
Steps of Mode 1
4. The 8051 starts to count up by incrementing the TH0-
TL0.
 TH0-TL0= FFFCH,FFFDH,FFFEH,FFFFH,0000H

TR0=1 TR0=0
Start timer TH0 TL0
Stop timer

FFFC FFFD FFFE FFFF 0000

TF = 0 TF = 0 TF = 0 TF = 0 TF = 1
TF Monitor TF until TF=1
Steps of Mode 1

5. When TH0-TL0 rolls over from FFFFH to 0000, the


8051 set TF0=1.
TH0-TL0= FFFE H, FFFF H, 0000 H (Now
TF0=1)
6. Keep monitoring the timer flag (TF) to see if it is
raised.
AGAIN: JNB TF0, AGAIN
7. Clear TR0 to stop the process.
CLR TR0
8. Clear the TF flag for the next round.
CLR TF0
Write a Program to toggle LEDs connected to Port 1 by
inserting some delay

 Org 0h  MOV P1,#0FFH


 START:
 MOV TMOD,#01H
 MOV P1,#00H  MOV TL0,#0FCH
 MOV TH0,#0FFH
 MOV TMOD,#01H  SETB TR0
 MOV TL0,#0FCH  AGAIN1: JNB TF0,AGAIN1
 MOV TH0,#0FFH  CLR TR0
 SETB TR0  CLR TF0
 AGAIN: JNB TF0,AGAIN
 CLR TR0  Sjmp START
 CLR TF0  end
Write a Program to toggle LEDs connected to Port 1 by
inserting some delay

 Org 0h  Delay:
 START:  MOV TMOD,#01H
 MOV P1,#00H  MOV TL0,#0FCH
 ACALL Delay  MOV TH0,#0FFH
 MOV P1,#0FFH  SETB TR0
 ACALL Delay  AGAIN: JNB TF0,AGAIN
 SJMP START  CLR TR0
 CLR TF0
 RET
 end
Write a Program to toggle LEDs connected to Port 1 by
inserting some delay

#include <reg51.h>
void Delay();
Org 0h
void main()
START:
{
MOV P1,#00H
while(1)
ACALL Delay
{
MOV P1,#0FFH
P1=0x00;
ACALL Delay
Delay();
SJMP START
P1=0xFF;
Delay:
Delay();
MOV TMOD,#01H
}
MOV TL0,#0FCH
}
MOV TH0,#0FFH
void Delay()
SETB TR0
{ TMOD=0x01;
AGAIN: JNB TF0,AGAIN
TL0=0XFC;
CLR TR0
TH0=0xFF;
CLR TF0
TR0=1;
RET
While(TF0==0);
end
TR0=0; TF0=0; }

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