This document provides an introduction and outline to a chapter on management information systems (MIS), defining key terms like MIS, information technology, and e-commerce. It discusses the importance of MIS for business and managers, how technology impacts business operations and strategies, and trends in business and their implications for the use of technology. The goal of the course is to help students understand how MIS can help businesses and what managers will need to know to incorporate technology and analyze information.
This document provides an introduction and outline to a chapter on management information systems (MIS), defining key terms like MIS, information technology, and e-commerce. It discusses the importance of MIS for business and managers, how technology impacts business operations and strategies, and trends in business and their implications for the use of technology. The goal of the course is to help students understand how MIS can help businesses and what managers will need to know to incorporate technology and analyze information.
This document provides an introduction and outline to a chapter on management information systems (MIS), defining key terms like MIS, information technology, and e-commerce. It discusses the importance of MIS for business and managers, how technology impacts business operations and strategies, and trends in business and their implications for the use of technology. The goal of the course is to help students understand how MIS can help businesses and what managers will need to know to incorporate technology and analyze information.
This document provides an introduction and outline to a chapter on management information systems (MIS), defining key terms like MIS, information technology, and e-commerce. It discusses the importance of MIS for business and managers, how technology impacts business operations and strategies, and trends in business and their implications for the use of technology. The goal of the course is to help students understand how MIS can help businesses and what managers will need to know to incorporate technology and analyze information.
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Introduction to MIS
Chapter 1 Introduction
Jerry Post
Technology Toolbox: Search Engines
Technology Toolbox: Searching Cases: Fast Food Outline How can MIS help you in your job? What is MIS? Why is information technology important? Why do all business majors need to study it? What are e-commerce and e-business? Is e-business increasing or decreasing? Do you know what a manager does? Do you know what a successful manager will do in the future? How is business changing? What will managers need to know in the future? Does technology alone improve a business? How do you break businesses into smaller pieces to analyze them? Why are strategic decisions so difficult? How do you begin searching for competitive advantage? What is MIS? Information ◦ Data that has been put into a meaningful and useful context. Usually to help make a decision.
Management Information System
◦ A combination of computers and people that is used to provide information to aid in making decisions and managing a firm.
Information Technology (IT)
MIS Components
Hardware Software
Backup data Restart job Virus scan
People Data Procedures Goal of This Course How can MIS help you do your job?
Understand the technology.
Analyze business problems. An introduction to systems analysis. Identify types of problems that MIS can help solve through cases. Ability to classify problems. Know when to call for help. Why is MIS Important? MIS affects all areas of business ◦ Manufacturing ◦ Accounting & Finance ◦ Human resources ◦ Marketing ◦ Top management Performance evaluations—expectations Chapters/Topics 1. Introduction 8. Teamwork 2. Technology Foundations 9. Decisions 3. Networks 10. Strategy 4. Databases 11. Entrepreneurship 5. Security 12. Systems 6. Transactions and ERP 13. MIS Organization 7. eCommerce 14. Society Productivity Growth: Output per Worker Output per Person 120
100
80
60
40
20
0 1994-Q1 1994-Q3 1995-Q1 1995-Q3 1996-Q1 1996-Q3 1997-Q1 1997-Q3 1998-Q1 1998-Q3 1999-Q1 1999-Q3 2000-Q1 2000-Q3 2001-Q1 2001-Q3 2002-Q1 2002-Q3 2003-Q1 2003-Q3 2004-Q1 2004-Q3 2005-Q1 2005-Q3 2006-Q1 2006-Q3 2007-Q1 2007-Q3 2008-Q1 2008-Q3 2009-Q1 2009-Q3 2010-Q1 2010-Q3 1. Managers need to use technology to increase productivity to be competitive. 2. With a 2.9% growth rate, in a decade, productivity increases 34%. Companies can produce the same output with half the workers. Will you be one of the workers replaced? http://data.bls.gov:8080/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=pr What are e-Commerce and e-Business?
Business-to-Consumer (B2C) ◦ Selling retail products to consumers Business-to-Business (B2B) ◦ Selling at the wholesale level to other businesses E-Business ◦ Using Internet technologies to conduct any level of business ◦ E-Commerce ◦ Intranets ◦ Most areas of MIS Retail E-Commerce Statistics Retail U.S. Retail and E-Commerce Sales Ecommerce 1200 60
1000 50
800 40 Retail Billtion $
600 30
400 20
200 10
0 0
In 2010 EC was about 5 percent of total.
Remove autos and auto parts and EC is about 6 percent. Notice the seasonal peak in the fourth quarter. Notice the EC is growing faster than total retail sales. http://www.census.gov/retail/index.html#ecommerce Technology Excesses? Typical Price Declines • You can buy a new model item when it is 800 released or wait for the 700 price to drop. 600 • You can keep buying 500 new releases or price
400 continue to use an “old” 300 model. 200 • Answers depend on 100 your needs, the 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 features offered, and time the reliability of the old items. • Plus the bling factor. What do Managers do? Traditional ◦ Organizing ◦ Planning ◦ Control Mintzberg ◦ Interpersonal ◦ Informational ◦ Decisional Luthans ◦ Traditional 50% ◦ Formal Communication 30% ◦ Networking 20% Meetings
Managers and professionals spend considerable time in meetings. Providing
support for teamwork and group decisions is an important issues in MIS. Making Decisions Methodology v Ad Hoc Decisions Decision Process ◦ Collect Data ◦ Identify Problems & Opportunities ◦ Make Choices 2 3 1 Traditional Management CEO Condensed reports Commands
VP VP VP VP VP Finance Marketing Accounting HRM MIS Analyze data
Layers of middle managers
Collect data Customers Decentralization Management Team CEO VP VP VP VP VP Fin Mrkt Acct HRM MIS Strategy
Corporate Finance Marketing Accounting HRM Team Team Team Team Database & Network
Sales Methodology/Rules Franchise Team
Customers Business Trends Changing business environment ◦ Specialization ◦ Management by Methodology and Franchises ◦ Mergers ◦ Decentralization and Small Business ◦ Temporary Workers ◦ Internationalization ◦ Service-Oriented Business ◦ Re-engineering Need for faster responses and flexibility Business Trends & Implications Specialization ◦ Increased demand for technical skills ◦ Specialized MIS tools ◦ Increased communication ◦ Emphasis on Teamwork Methodology & Franchises ◦ Reduction of middle management ◦ Increased data sharing ◦ Increased analysis by top management ◦ Computer support for rules ◦ Re-engineering Mergers ◦ Larger companies ◦ Need for control and information ◦ Economies of scale Decentralization & Small Business ◦ Communication needs ◦ Lower cost of management tasks ◦ Low maintenance technology Business Trend Summary Business Trend Implications for Technology
Specialization 1.Increased demand for technical skills
2.Specialized MIS tools 3.Increased communication
Methodology & Franchises 1.Reduction of middle management
2.Increased data sharing 3.Increased analysis by top management 4.Computer support for rules 5.Re-engineering
Mergers 1.Four or five big firms dominate most industries
2.Need for communication 3.Strategic ties to customers and suppliers
Decentralization & Small 1.Communication needs
Business 2.Lower cost of management tasks 3.Low maintenance technology
Temporary Workers 1.Managing through rules
2.Finding and evaluating workers 3.Coordination and control 4.Personal advancement through technology 5.Security
Internationalization 1.Communication 2.Product design 3.System development and programming 4.Sales and marketing
Service Orientation 1.Management jobs are information jobs
2.Customer service requires better information 3.Speed Business Trends & Implications Temporary Workers ◦ Managing through rules ◦ Finding and evaluating workers ◦ Coordination and control ◦ Personal advancement through technology ◦ Security Internationalization ◦ Communication ◦ Product design ◦ System development and programming ◦ Sales and marketing Service Orientation ◦ Management jobs are information jobs ◦ Customer service requires better information ◦ Speed Internationalization U.S. Trade Imports/GDP
Exports/GDP
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12 Percent
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Year
http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/Index.asp International Web Browsers Web Users (Language)
Categories and definitions have changed over time.
Management includes professional, sales, and administrative. The key point is that most jobs are information-processing jobs. But the numbers measure number of workers, not the value or sales. http://www.bls.gov/webapps/legacy/cpsatab4.htm Changing Business Environment US History: Farmer Laborer Management
Business Operations Operations, Tactics,Strategy Sector Operations Tactics Strategy Production • Machine settings • Rearrange work area • New factory • Worker schedules • Schedule new products • New products • Maintenance sch. • Change inventory method • New industry Accounting • Categorize assets • Inventory valuation • New GL system • Assign expenses • Depreciation method • Debt vs. equity • Produce reports • Finance short/long term • International taxes Marketing • Reward salespeople • Determine pricing • Monitor competitors • Survey customers • Promotional campaigns • New products • Monitor promotions • Select marketing media • New markets Decision Levels Decision Description Example Type of Information Level Strategic Competitive advantage, New product that External events, rivals, become a market leader. will change the sales, costs quality, Long-term outlook. industry. trends. Tactical Improving operations New tools to cut Expenses, schedules, without restructuring the costs or improve sales, models, company. efficiency. forecasts. Operations Day-to-day actions to Scheduling Transactions, keep the company employees, accounting, human functioning. ordering supplies. resource management, inventory. Introduction to Strategy Risk & Reward Creativity Porter’s External Agents ◦ Customers ◦ Suppliers ◦ Competitors ◦ Government Strategy/Porter Threat of New Entrants
Bargaining Power Rivalry Among Bargaining Power
of Suppliers Existing Competitors of Buyers
Threat of Substitute Products or Services Baxter/Strategy Typical Supply Relationship
Hospital American Hospital Supplier Supply
Supply Closets Warehouse
Supplier Supply storeroom
Supplier Baxter/Strategy AHS/Baxter Computer Link
Supplier Hospital American Hospital Monitor Supply Baxter Usage data Supply Closets Computer
Deliver Warehouse Supplies as needed Supplier Free space Accurate usage data
Supplier An Internet Approach for Hospital Supply Daily Auction Bid1 Bid2 Supplier Hospital Bid3 <<purchase Baxter Supply Closets Internet Supplier
Johnson
Winning bidder delivers supplies Supplier Strategy/Organization Strength Weaknesses ◦ Source of strength ◦ Effect on company ◦ Value of strength ◦ Possible solutions ◦ How can it be developed? ◦ Cost of solution ◦ What could undermine it? ◦ Result and cost of leaving as-is ◦ Development costs (do nothing) ◦ Additional benefits (opportunities) Cloud Computing As consumers and students, you are familiar with Web-based services. ◦ E-commerce, sales ◦ News, entertainment ◦ Communications ◦ Social networks and interaction Businesses can use the same approaches and run software and data on Web servers with applications on laptops, tablets, and cell phones to access this data. ◦ Cloud computing consists of running the main servers, data, and business logic on Web-based servers in the Internet cloud. ◦ Each chapter explores impacts and implications for business of moving more operations into a Web-based system. Technology Toolbox: Choosing a Search Engine General purpose search engines Consider using multiple Google, Bing, Yahoo search engines because Meta-searches across multiple engines some of them filter Dogpile responses based on your Encyclopedia prior queries. Wikipedia.org Dictionary Wiktionary.org (or click the research button in IE) Phone book Switchboard, Superpages Products Mysimon, Cnet Government data CIA.gov (World Factbook) Fedstats.gov (main data source) SEC.gov (EDGAR corporate filings) Math and Science and some Data Wolframalpha Other (and often better) Your library databases Quick Quiz: Search Engines Where would you begin your search to answer the following questions? 1. Under the proposed IAU definition, which planetoid falls between Mars and Jupiter? 2. By revenue, which was the largest company in the world in 2010? 3. Find the best price on a 512 GB SSD. 4. Which U.S. professional basketball team had the fewest wins in the 2010-2011 season? 5. Which celebrities are still alive? Sophia Loren, Harman Killebrew, Phyllis Diller, Nancy Reagan, I.M. Pei. Advanced Searches Boolean searches: And/Or/Not Phrases: “white knight”
You can also search by date, domain (company), linked
pages, and even reading level (with Google). Wolfram Alpha (Mathematica) http://www.wolframalpha.com/
Search: derivative of 5*x^4 - 13*x^3
Other searches: A date A town Two stocks Bing (Microsoft) http://www.bing.com
Organizing the results to help find answers and knowledge.
http://www.yippy.com Was: http://www.clusty.com (Vivisimo) Technology Toolbox: Government Data Agency Main Types of Data Site Labor (BLS) Employment and prices www.bls.gov/data Census Demographic and maps www.census.gov Economic Analysis (BEA) Economic summaries www.bea.gov Transportation Statistics Airline, rail, and road www.bts.gov Justice Statistics Crime and courts bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov Economic Research (Ag) Food and farm economics www.ers.usda.gov Health (CDC) Health and Healthcare www.cdc.gov/nchs Securities and Exchange Business filings www.sec.gov (SEC) (EDGAR)
http://www.fedstats.gov Google: Public Data (2009) WolframAlpha Search: CA unemployment rate
Can use other
standard statistics from government databases, including demographics. Quick Quiz: Government Data 1. What was the U.S. monthly unemployment rate for the last year? 2. What is the current population of the U.S.? 3. What was the value of the U.S. trade deficit for the last year? Cases: Fast Food Industry Annual Revenue 30
