PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2. PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2.1 PLUMBING PIPES
2.1.1 APPROVED MATERIALS – marked for
identification
Embossed/Stamped – brass/copper fittings
Molded – plastic fittings
Indelible Marking – colored stripe/indelible letters
RED STRIPE – type M Copper (Rigid)
BLUE STRIPE – type L Copper (Flexible/Rigid)
GREEN STRIPE – type K Copper
YELLOW STRIPE – Drain, Waste & Vent
(DWV)Copper
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
PLASTIC PIPES
TYPES APPLICATION
uPVC Unplasticized ; electrical and telephone cables, sewer pipes and potable water supply .
PVC Polyvinyl chloride: third most widely produced after PE and PPR. PVC is widely used
in construction because it is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble.
cPVC Chlorinated: thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin; hot and
cold water pipe, and industrial liquid handling.
LDPE used in sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, drainage systems, laboratories, industrial process
lines, agricultural piping, irrigation and many other public utilities.
HDPE used water main schemes, potable water house connections, sprinkler and drip irrigation
systems, drainage systems, laboratories, industrial process lines, agricultural piping, irrigation
PP-R used in the manufacturing piping systems; both ones concerned with high-purity and ones
designed for strength and rigidity (use in potable plumbing, hydronic heating and cooling, and
reclaimed water); joined by heat fusion rather than gluing
PE-X Cross-linked polyethylene; PEX or XLPE, is a form of polyethylene with cross-links;
hydronic radiant heating systems, domestic water piping and insulation for high tension (high
voltage) electrical cables; used for natural gas and offshore oil applications, chemical
transportation, and transportation of sewage and slurries.
PB used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.
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PLUMBING PIPES (ABS, Aluminium, Borosilicate, Brass)
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PLUMBING PIPES (CI, Copper, GI, Lead)
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PLUMBING PIPES (PVC, VCP)
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PLUMBING PIPES (Black Welded Steel, Pipe Ductile Iron Pipe, Galvanised
Welded Steel Pipe)
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PLUMBING PIPES (Galvanised Steel Conduit Pipe, HDPE Pipe - Cable Pipe, HDPE
Double Corrugated Wall - Sewer Pipe)
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PLUMBING PIPES (HDPE Double Wall Corrugated, HDPE Pipe - Water Supply Pipe
Wall Pipe - Drainage Pipe, Mild Steel Cement Line Pipe)
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PLUMBING PIPES (UPVC Socket Plain End Pipe – Grey, UPVC Pipe, UPVC
SWV Pipe - White)
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PLUMBING PIPES (UPVC Underground Pipe – Brown, UPVC Underground Cable Pipe –
Black, Seamless Steel Pipe)
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PLUMBING PIPES (Hubless Cast Iron Pipe, Welded Austentic, Welded Stainless Steel
Tubing, Stainless Steel Pipe)
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
QUALITY OF MATERIALS - free from defects
PIPE - cylindrical conduit/conductor; “pipe size”/(I.D.)
ROUGHING-IN - plumbing work before fixtures/finishing
DURHAM SYSTEM - soil or waste system; threaded
pipe, tubing, rigid construction using recessed
drainage fittings
BENDING PIN (IRON) – tool; straightening/bending lead
pipe
HORIZONTAL PIPE - angle of not more than 45°
VERTICAL PIPE - more than 45° with the vertical line
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Caulking
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Flanging
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Threading
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Soldering, Welding
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Shielded Coupling, Slip Joint, Brazed Joint
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COMMON METHODS OF JOINTING PIPES: Fusion Welding
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COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS: Long Nipple, Short Nipple, Close Nipple, Coupling,
Return Bend, Single Tee, Cross Tee)
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COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS: Plug, Cleanout Ferrule, Bushimg, 45˚ Elbow (1/8 Bend),
90 ˚ (1/4 Bend), Cap, Union
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COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS: Double Wye, Single Wye, Siamese Connection, Manifold
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COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS: Flange, Tapped Tee, Street Elbow, Tailpiece (Cut Pipe),
Offsets
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1.Main Water Tank
2.Main water pump
3.main pilot valve (dry)
4.pilot valve (wet)
5.sprinkler head - standing configuration
6.sprinkler head - hanging configuration
7.pressure tank
8.testing piping
9.testing piping
10.filling piping
11.compressor
12.alarm bell
13.fire central
14.alarm bell
15.pressure gauge
16.switchboard
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
Wet Pipe Sprinkler System
A wet pipe sprinkler system is a sprinkler
system employing automatic sprinkler heads
attached to a piping system containing water
and connected to a water supply so that
water discharges immediately from sprinklers
opened by heat from a fire.
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems
A dry pipe sprinkler system is sprinkler
system employing automatic sprinklers that
are attached to a piping system containing
air or nitrogen under pressure, the release
of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler)
permits the water pressure to open a valve
known as a dry pipe valve, and the water
then flows into the piping system and out
the opened sprinklers.
Dry pipe sprinkler systems are installed in
areas where wet pipe systems may be
inappropriate such as areas where freezing
temperatures might be expected.
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Pre-Action Sprinkler Systems
A pre-action sprinkler system is
similar to a deluge sprinkler system
except the sprinklers are closed.
This type system is typically used in
areas containing high value
equipment or contents and spaces
which are highly sensitive to the
effects of accidental sprinkler water
discharge. The pre-action valve is
normally closed and is operated by
a separate detection system.
Activation of a fire detector will
open the pre-action valve, allowing
water to enter the system piping.
Water will not flow from the
sprinklers until heat activates the
operating element in individual
sprinklers. Opening of the pre-
action valve effectively converts the
system to a wet pipe sprinkler
system.
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Deluge Sprinkler Systems
A deluge system is sprinkler
system employing open sprinklers
that are attached to a piping system
that is connected to a water supply
through a valve that is opened by
the operation of a detection system
installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers. When this valve opens,
water flows into the piping system
and discharges from all sprinklers
attached thereto.
Deluge systems are used where
large quantities of water are needed
quickly to control a fast-developing
fire. Deluge valves can be
electrically, pneumatically or
hydraulically operated.
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
A foam-water sprinkler system is a special system that is pipe-connected to a source of foam
concentrate and to a water supply. The system is equipped with appropriate discharge devices for
extinguishing agent discharge and for distribution over the area to be protected. The piping system
is connected to the water supply through a control valve that usually is actuated by operation of
automatic detection equipment that is installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve
opens, water flows into the piping system, foam concentrate is injected into the water, and
the resulting foam solution discharging through the discharge devices generates and distributes
foam. Upon exhaustion of the foam concentrate supply, water discharge follows and continues until
shut off manually. Foam-water systems shall be of the wet pipe, dry pipe, deluge, or preaction
type. Foam-water deluge systems are applicable to the protection of two-dimensional flammable
liquid hazards.
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2.4 PLUMBING FIXTURES
2.4.1 SOIL FIXTURES
Types of Water Closets
Siphon Jet (SJ)
Siphon Vortex (SV)
Reverse Trap (RT)
Wash Down (WD)
Blow Out (BO)
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2.4 PLUMBING FIXTURES
2.4.1 SOIL FIXTURES
2.4.1.2 URINAL
Types of Urinals
1. Trough Urinal
2. Wall-Hung
3. Pedestal Urinal
4. Stall Urinal
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2.4.1 SOIL FIXTURES
How a Waterless Urinal Works
Cartridge acts as funnel. The non-stick, non-porous construction and funnel ensure urine
passes to the cartridge and through sealant liquid that floats on top of the liquid beneath it.
Sealant liquid provides an airtight barrier between urine restroom to prevent odors from
escaping the drain, but allows urine to pass through because it is lighter than water. Urine
penetrates the sealant liquid and flows to the drain. Uric sediment is collected by the
cartridge, leaving an odor-free environment, clean pipes and absolutely no water waste.
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2.4.1 SOIL FIXTURES
Dual Flush Toilet
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
2.4 PLUMBING FIXTURES
2.4.1 SOIL FIXTURES
2.4.1.3 SERVICE SINK (SLOP SINK) – disposal of
scrub water; deep sink to accommodate a scrub pail
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2.4 PLUMBING FIXTURES
2.4.2 SINK (Kitchen Sink, Scullery Sink, Pantry Sink, Laundry Tub )
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2.4.3 BATHING
2.4.3.1 LAVATORY – wash basin
(Above Counter/Counter Top, Under the Counter, Self Rimming, Pedestal)
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2.4.3.2 BATHTUB (Built-In Bathtub, Foot Tub, Sitz Bath, Bidet, Hospital Baths,
Whirlpool)
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2.4.3.3. SHOWER BATHS (Shower Enclosures, Telephone Shower,
Massage Shower Panels, Square & Round Head Rainshower)
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Latrine, Ball Cock, Ball Joint
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Flushometer Valve/Tank, Flush Valve/Tank
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1. Bathtub drain in the floor is 3" below the finish
floor level and out 1 1/2" from the rough wall. The
tub drain is centered in 30" of space, the width of
the bathtub. Cut a minimum 6" by 12" access
hole in the subfloor, 11" in from the sidewall, for
the waste and overflow drains.
2. The spout is 5" above top edge of the bathtub.
3. The tub faucet is 10" to 12" above the top
edge of the bathtub. The shower faucet is 48"
from the finish floor.
4. Shower head 48" to 54" from the tub faucet.
5. The toilet drain from center of drain to the
rough framing is 12 1/2" and is centered in 30"
minimum of finished space
6. The water supply is 6" up from the finish floor
and is 6" to the left of the center of the toilet drain
facing the wall. Bring water supply line out 5" to
6" from rough framing (cut off later when shutoff
valve is installed.
7. The wash basin drain is 18" to 20" above the
finish floor, and is centered in a minimum of 24"
of cabinet space.
8. The water supply lines are 4" to the left and
right of the drain. Bring lines out 4" to 6" from the
rough framing and 22" to 24" off the finish floor.
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND FIXTURES
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PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN AND
FIXTURES
1. Mainline, Y with cleanout ,plug, up with 3”
PVC pipe.
2. 3” reducing Y into main waste stack for GF
fixtures.
3. 2”PVC with 2” Y with cleanout, long radius
elbow.
4. 2” T for sink wastewater and 1 ½ “ vent to
vent line.
5. 2” sink trap with slip fittings to hook up to
sink drain.
6. 3” reducing Y into main stack with 2”
reducer for sink or washer.
7. Waste T with side inlet for closet bend and
sink wastewater.
8. 2” trap for shower/bath or sink.
9. 3” closet bend for the toilet
10. 3” reducing T into main waste stack for
lavatory trap access.
11. 2”lavatory trap.
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FIXTURES
13. PVC wastewater pipe and bath/shower
trap on 2F
14. Closet bend for 2F toilet.
15. 3” reducing T into main stack (sink, bath,
or washer)
16. Trap for sink, bath, or washer.
17. 3” reducing T into main waste stack.
Reducer -1 ½ for vent.
18. Main waste stack through roof for proper
vent
19. 2” Y with cleanout back into the stack for
sink wastewater.
20. 22-½ ˚ elbow for wastewater to flow
smoothly into Y.
21. 2” waste T for access to sink and vent.
22. 2” sink trap.
23. Vent T – 2” or 1 ½” for venting.
24. Vent elbow and run line back down to 2”
T wastewater fitting
