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    Ec6702 Optical Communication and Networks

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    Ec6702 Optical Communication and Networks

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    EC6702 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS.pptx

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    324 views36 pages

    Ec6702 Optical Communication and Networks

    Uploaded by

    sujitha

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    EC6702 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

    AND NETWORKS
    Prepared by
    S.Maria Seraphin Sujitha,AP/ECE
    College Vision

    To be an institution of eminence of optimal human

    development, excellent engineering education and

    pioneering research towards developing a technically-

    empowered humane society.


    College Mission

    To transform the (rural) youth into top class professionals


    and technocrats willing to serve local and global society with
    ethical integrity, by providing vibrant academic experience of
    learning, research and innovation and stimulating
    opportunities to develop personal maturity and professional
    skills, with inspiring and high caliber faculty in a quality and
    serene infrastructural environment.
    Copyright © 2005. Shi Ping CUC
    Department Vision

    To develop Electronics and Communication Engineers with

    ethical competence and international outlook to serve the

    society.
    Department Mission

     Motivate the graduates to achieve academic and career


    targets while stressing lifelong learning.
     Provide education to compete with confidence in the
    national and international arena.
     Train the graduates to involve in research and
    development.
     Develop among the graduates a sense of innovation and
    inspire them to transform knowledge and technologies
    for the benefit of the society.
    Program Educational Objectives (PEO)

    PEO1: To enable graduates to pursue research, or have a


    successful career in academia or industries
    associated with Electronics and Communication Engineering,
    or as entrepreneurs.
    PEO2: To provide students with strong foundational concepts
    and also advanced techniques and tools in order to enable
    them to build solutions or systems of varying complexity.
    PEO3: To prepare students to critically analyze existing
    literature in an area of specialization and
    ethically develop innovative and research oriented
    methodologies to solve the problems identified.
    Program Outcomes (PO) (with Graduate Attributes)

    PO1: Engineering knowledge

    PO2: Problem analysis


    PO3: Design/development of solutions
    PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems
    PO5: Modern tool usage
    PO6: The engineer and society
    PO7: Environment and sustainability
    PO8: Ethics
    PO9: Individual and team work
    PO10: Communication
    Program Specific Objectives (PSO)

    PSO1: To analyse, design and develop solutions by applying


    foundational concepts of electronics and communication
    engineering.
    PSO2: To apply design principles and best practices for
    developing quality products for scientific and business
    applications.
    PSO3: To adapt to emerging information and communication
    technologies (ICT) to innovate ideas and solutions to
    Course Objectives

    1.Outline the various optical fiber modes and configuration


    of optical fibers.
    2.Infer the knowledge of transmission characteristics of
    optical fibers.
    3.Classify the various optical sources, detectors and
    transmission techniques.
    4.Develop the knowledge about optical communication
    systems and networks.
    5.Discuss optical fiber measurements and various coupling
    techniques.
    Course Outcomes

    CO1: Explain the basic elements in optical fibers, different modes and
    configurations.
    CO2: Analyze the transmission characteristics associated with
    dispersion and polarization techniques.
    CO3: Compare the various optical sources with their use in optical
    communication system.
    CO4: Estimate the various optical communication parameters.
    CO5: Design optical communication systems and its networks.
    Syllabus

    UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS

    Evolution of fiber optic system- Element of an Optical Fiber


    Transmission link-- Total internal reflection-Acceptance angle
    –Numerical aperture – Skew rays Ray Optics-Optical Fiber
    Modes and Configurations -Mode theory of Circular Wave
    guides- Overview of Modes-Key Modal concepts- Linearly
    Polarized Modes -Single Mode Fibers-Graded Index fiber
    structure.
    UNIT II SIGNAL DEGRADATION OPTICAL FIBERS

    Attenuation - Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending


    Losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal Distortion in Optical
    Wave guides-Information Capacity determination -Group
    Delay-Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Signal
    distortion in SM fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion,
    Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI fibers-Mode
    Coupling -Design Optimization of SM fibers-RI profile and
    cut-off wavelength.
    UNIT III FIBER OPTICAL SOURCES AND COUPLING

    Direct and indirect Band gap materials-LED structures -Light


    source materials -Quantum efficiency and LED power,
    Modulation of a LED, lasers Diodes-Modes and Threshold
    condition -Rate equations -External Quantum efficiency -
    Resonant frequencies -Laser Diodes, Temperature effects,
    Introduction to Quantum laser, Fiber amplifiers- Power
    Launching and coupling, Lencing schemes, Fiber -to- Fiber
    joints, Fiber splicing-Signal to Noise ratio , Detector response
    time.
    UNIT IV FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER AND MEASUREMENTS

    Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, Error


    sources – Receiver Configuration– Probability of Error –
    Quantum limit. Fiber Attenuation measurements- Dispersion
    measurements – Fiber Refractive index profile
    measurements – Fiber cut- off Wave length Measurements –
    Fiber Numerical Aperture Measurements – Fiber diameter
    measurements.
    UNIT V OPTICAL NETWORKS AND SYSTEM TRANSMISSION

    Basic Networks – SONET / SDH – Broadcast – and –select


    WDM Networks –Wavelength Routed Networks – Non linear
    effects on Network performance –-Link Power budget -Rise
    time budget- Noise Effects on System Performance-
    Operational Principles of WDM Performance of WDM + EDFA
    system – Solutions – Optical CDMA – Ultra High Capacity
    Networks.
    TEXT BOOKS

    T1. Gerd Keiser, "Optical Fiber Communication" Mc Graw -

    Hill International, 4th Edition., 2010.

    T2. John M. Senior , “Optical Fiber Communication”, Second

    Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.


    REFERENCES
    R1. Ramaswami, Sivarajan and Sasaki “Optical Networks”,
    Morgan Kaufmann, 2009.
    R2. J.Senior, "Optical Communication, Principles and
    Practice", Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2008.
    R3. J.Gower, "Optical Communication System", Prentice Hall
    of India, 2001.
    UNIT V OPTICAL NETWORKS AND SYSTEM TRANSMISSION

    Basic Networks – SONET / SDH – Broadcast – and –select


    WDM Networks –Wavelength Routed Networks – Non linear
    effects on Network performance –-Link Power budget -Rise
    time budget- Noise Effects on System Performance-
    Operational Principles of WDM Performance of WDM + EDFA
    system – Solutions – Optical CDMA – Ultra High Capacity
    Networks.
    TEXT BOOKS

    T1. Gerd Keiser, "Optical Fiber Communication" Mc Graw -

    Hill International, 4th Edition., 2010.

    T2. John M. Senior , “Optical Fiber Communication”, Second

    Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.


    REFERENCES
    R1. Ramaswami, Sivarajan and Sasaki “Optical Networks”,
    Morgan Kaufmann, 2009.
    R2. J.Senior, "Optical Communication, Principles and
    Practice", Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2008.
    R3. J.Gower, "Optical Communication System", Prentice Hall
    of India, 2001.
    Introduction
    Communication-Transfer of information from
    one point to another.

    Optical Communication –
    most modern mode of wired communication.
    • Optical fiber communication-operate in the
    (800-1600)nm wavelength bands.
    C= 𝛾λ
    Eg:
    λ =1552.5nm
    𝑐
    𝛾= =193.1 THz
    λ
    Optical fiber communication system
    • Block diagram

    Information Electrical
    source transmit Optical source Optical cable

    Optical Electrical destination


    detector receive
    • For good communication a system needs to have
    following things.
    • (1) Bandwidh (BW)
    • (2) Good signal to noise ratio (SNR) i.e. low loss

    Bandwidh (BW)
    • Bandwidth of a system proportional to the
    frequency of operation.
    • Use of higher frequency facilitates larger BW.
    Wired and wireless transmission
    media
    • Transmission media alternative to the Optical
    Communication
    Coaxial cable
    • Very limited bandwidth- twisted pair& coaxial
    cable.
    Microwave link
    Satellite communication

    Microwave links and Satellite communication has comparable bandwidths


    Satellite Fiber Optics

    Point to Multi-point Point to


    point

    BW ~ GHz BW ~ THz

    Short life ~7-8 Yr Long life

    No upgradeability Upgradeable

    Mobile,air,sea On
    ground only
    Advantages of Optical Communication

    • Enormous potential bandwidth (1013 to 1016 Hz)


    • Small size and weight
    • Electrical isolation
    • Low transmission loss (0.2 dB/Km)
    • Immunity to interference and crosstalk
    • Signal Security
    • Ease of maintenance
    • Low potential cost
    • Point to Point Communication
    Evolution of fiber optic system
    • Three operating window
    First window
    Second window
    Third wndow

    First window
    • 1970s-low loss window around 850nm
    • semiconductor optical sources were made of GaAs
    which emitted light at 850nm
    • Silicon-photodetector
    • Repeater spacing-10km,data rate-45-140Mb/s
    Second Window
    • 1980s -the optical communication shifted to
    1310 nm band , so called the ‘Second
    Window‘.
    • Repeater spacing-40km
    • Low power loss
    • Less signal dispersion
    • Bit rate-10-100Mb/s
    • Multimode and single mode
    Third Window
    • 1990s the communication was shifted to 1550nm
    window, so called ‘Third Window‘
    • Repeater spacing-90km
    • Low power loss
    • Large signal dispersion
    • Bit rate-2.5Gb/s
    • Optical amplifier-GaAlAs based solid state optical
    amplifier
    • Erbium doped fiber amplifier(EPMAs)-1550nm
    • Praseodymium doped fiber amplifier-(PDFAs) -1350nm.

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