Atomic Structure
History
400 B.C. – Democritus proposed all matter was
made up of small particles called atoms
Atomic numbers were assigned to elements by
Henry Moseley
1913- Niels Bohr described the planetary model of
the atom
Planetary model
The Shell Model
The more accurate model puts a cloud around the
nucleus and electrons move about in shells
Each shell can hold so many electrons
Little energy in the most inner shell so only 2
electrons can be found there.
The farther you get from the nucleus, the more
electrons a shell can hold
The atoms makeup
This shell model of a hydrogen atom or lead atom
is made up of the same general parts.
A nucleus made up of protons (1 in Hydrogen and
82 in Lead) and neutrons (usually the same amount
as the protons)
Floating around the nucleus are electrons
Mass of Subatomic Particles
Particle Charge Mass compared Actual Mass
to electron
Electron Negative 1 9.11x10-31
Proton Positive 1836 1.673x10-27
Neutron Neutral 1841 1.675x10-27
Charges
The three subatomic particles as they are called
have different charges
Protons- (+)
Neutrons- no charge
Electrons- (-)
Atomic Mass
The mass of an atom is equal to the number of
protons and neutrons found in the nucleus
If an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons,
its mass is 12
Atomic Number
The atomic number found above the chemical
symbol is equal to the number of protons the atom
has
An atom with 19 protons has to be potassium (K)
Chemical Names
Why is Co different from CO?
Co is Cobalt
CO is carbon monoxide
Be sure to use upper and lower case properly
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
Hydrogen can have 0, 1, or 2 neutrons in it’s
nucleus
Misc. Facts
Hydrogen is the most abundant element. It makes
up almost 90% of all atoms. As well it was the 1 st
element to exist
Fused hydrogen atoms formed inside stars and this
created the other elements
Most atoms formed when the universe began and
are constantly being recycled
Atoms that make up ‘you’ are billions of years old
Names w/ 1 letter that begins Names w/ 2 letters and both Names w/ 2 letters and 1st Symbol has nothing to do
name letters are start of name letter starts and second is with name
heard later in name
Carbon Neon Magnesium Sodium
Chapter Review (class work)
Try to complete #5, 6, and 7.
Protons have a positive charge
A. True
B. False
C-12 is a radioactive isotope used in
carbon dating fossils
A. True
B. False
The charge of a neutron is
A. negative
B. No charge
The number of electrons that can fit in
the 1st shell is
A. 8
B. 2
C. 18
The electron has more mass than the
proton and neutron
A. Yes
B. No
The atomic number of carbon is
A. 12.01115
B. 12
C. 6
D. C
The element symbol of helium is
A. H
B. 2
C. He
D. Helium
The mass number of C-14 is 14
A. True
B. False
Play-doh Lab
Partner up
Create a 3 dimensional model of an atom using play-doh
and beads. It must be the shell model
Your atom must have an atomic number between 6 and 12.
On a separate sheet draw your atom and label the
following: Protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, electron
cloud, any and all shells
Write down the name, atomic number, atomic mass, and
symbol
