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Determination of Melting Point and Boiling Point: Experiment 2

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting points of benzoic acid, urea, and their mixture, as well as the boiling points of ethanol, acetic acid, and their mixture. The objectives are to determine these physical properties, which can be used to test purity and help identify organic compounds. The procedure involves sealing samples in capillaries for melting point determination and heating sealed capillaries submerged in test liquids in a microtube attached to a thermometer for boiling point determination. The results found benzoic acid has the highest melting point at 123°C while the mixture has the lowest at 100°C. Acetic acid has the highest boiling point at 118°C and ethanol the lowest at 78

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Ashley Perida
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552 views16 pages

Determination of Melting Point and Boiling Point: Experiment 2

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting points of benzoic acid, urea, and their mixture, as well as the boiling points of ethanol, acetic acid, and their mixture. The objectives are to determine these physical properties, which can be used to test purity and help identify organic compounds. The procedure involves sealing samples in capillaries for melting point determination and heating sealed capillaries submerged in test liquids in a microtube attached to a thermometer for boiling point determination. The results found benzoic acid has the highest melting point at 123°C while the mixture has the lowest at 100°C. Acetic acid has the highest boiling point at 118°C and ethanol the lowest at 78

Uploaded by

Ashley Perida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Determination of Melting Point

and Boiling Point


Experiment 2

Donnabelle B. Baybayon
Ashley Mae L. Perida

2016
OBJECTIVES:
• To be able to determine the boiling point of
ethanol , acetic acid and the mixture of the
two and the melting point of benzoic acid ,
urea and the mixture of the two
• Melting point and boiling point are physical
properties that can be used to test if a
sample is pure and, together with other
experimental data, can also be used in the
identification of organic compounds.
PROCEDURE

2016
A. Determination of Melting Point
• Melting point – the temperature at which
thermal motion of molecules is just
sufficient to break down the lattice
structure of the crystal.
• Prepare 3 capillaries 5 cm long with 1 mm
diameter. Seal one end of each capillary.
• Grind separately in a mortar a small
amount of benzoic acid, urea and a
mixture of the two.
• Introduce each sample gradually into the
capillary.
• Together with two other groups, place
three capillaries containing the same
samples in the wells of the melting point
apparatus

Capillary A contains
benzoic acid

Capillary B contains
urea
A B C
Capillary C contains
the mixture of the
two
Results where the samples completely melted
• Benzoic Acid: 123°C
• Urea: 112°C
• Mixture: 100°C

– Benzoic Acid exhibited the highest melting


point therefore, its particles are bounded by the
strongest forces among the three. It undergoes
through electrocovalent bonding.
– The mixture of benzoic acid and urea exhibited
the lowest melting point therefore, it is bounded
by a weak force. We could conclude that it
undergoes through covalent bonding.
B. Determination of Boiling Point
• Prepare 3 capillaries 5 cm long with 1 mm
diameter. Seal one end of each capillary.
• Prepare a microtube by cutting a piece of
glass tubing to a length of 6 cm and
closing one end.
The Set-up

Place the 5
drops of
ethanol/acetic
acid in the
microtube
The Set-up

Place the
capillary in
the microtube
in an inverted
position (with
sealed end
uppermost)
The Set-up

Attach the
microtube to
the
thermometer
with a rubber
ring such that
the tip of the
microtube
The Set-up

Apply heat
gradually until
a continuous
stream of
bubbles
comes out of
the open end
of the capillary
Results when the bubbles stop coming out
of the capillary (before the liquid enters)
• Ethanol: 78°C
• Acetic Acid: 118°C
• Mixture: 105°C
–Acetic Acid demonstrated the highest
boiling point therefore, its molecules are
bounded by a strong cohesive force.
–Ethanol demonstrated the lowest boiling
point therefore, its molecules are
bounded by a weak cohesive force.

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