Lubricants are introduced between surfaces to reduce friction and prevent corrosion. The global demand for lubricants is around 41 million kiloliters annually, with automotive lubricants accounting for over half of consumption. India is the sixth largest lubricants market but relies on imports as domestic crude oils are often unsuitable for lubricant production. Lubricant refineries use processes like vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, and hydrofinishing to extract and upgrade lubricant base oils from crude residue and improve properties like viscosity and oxidation resistance.
Lubricants are introduced between surfaces to reduce friction and prevent corrosion. The global demand for lubricants is around 41 million kiloliters annually, with automotive lubricants accounting for over half of consumption. India is the sixth largest lubricants market but relies on imports as domestic crude oils are often unsuitable for lubricant production. Lubricant refineries use processes like vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, and hydrofinishing to extract and upgrade lubricant base oils from crude residue and improve properties like viscosity and oxidation resistance.
Lubricants are introduced between surfaces to reduce friction and prevent corrosion. The global demand for lubricants is around 41 million kiloliters annually, with automotive lubricants accounting for over half of consumption. India is the sixth largest lubricants market but relies on imports as domestic crude oils are often unsuitable for lubricant production. Lubricant refineries use processes like vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, and hydrofinishing to extract and upgrade lubricant base oils from crude residue and improve properties like viscosity and oxidation resistance.
Lubricants are introduced between surfaces to reduce friction and prevent corrosion. The global demand for lubricants is around 41 million kiloliters annually, with automotive lubricants accounting for over half of consumption. India is the sixth largest lubricants market but relies on imports as domestic crude oils are often unsuitable for lubricant production. Lubricant refineries use processes like vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, and hydrofinishing to extract and upgrade lubricant base oils from crude residue and improve properties like viscosity and oxidation resistance.
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LUBE OIL REFINERY
LUBES AND ITS USES.
Lubes are the substance that posses specific
properties, that gives great values to it. A lubricant (lube oil) is a substance that is introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact. They are used to remove heat generated by friction. Prevent corrosion. GLOBAL SCENARIO. Global demand is around 41 million kilo liters. Automotive lubricants – 54%
Industrial lubricants – 41%
Marine lubricants – 5%
Asia is the 3rd largest consumer in the world. Its market
has increased from 22% to 25% in span of 5 years. INDIAN SCENARIO. India is the sixth largest lube oil market in the world . Its consumption is around 1.12 million kiloliters in the end of 2000. The market shares of the key players in the industry is as shown the chart. Long residue(350+) from the ADU is the primary feedstock for lube oil manufacturing.
The crude oil from which the base stock for this lube has to posses basic properties like, the specific gravity of crudes should range between 0.80 and 0.97 grams/milliliter. The viscosity should be as high, so that it meets the specifications to meet the global scenario.
These days re-refining the used lube oils is concentrated more
due to, Less availability of lube bearing crudes Increase yield percentage. A lubricant manufacturer use a series of steps to improve certain desirable lubricant properties. These include: Viscosity Index Oxidation
Heat Resistance
Low Temperature Fluidity
Those series of steps are as follows,
Vacuum Distillation Solvent Deasphalting Process
Solvent Extraction
Solvent Dewaxing
Hydro Finishing In this process the long residue is split into various heavy waxy distillates like: Spindle oil Light oil Heavy oil cuts Short residue
Here lube distillates
are produced with help of vacuum. The required vacuum is maintained by Steam ejector system. The long residue from ADU is heated and vaporized in fired heater up to 390 - 400ºC at 120mm of Hg. The weight percentage of the yield is as shown below: Gas oil 5%wt Spindle oil 11%wt Light oil 18.5%wt Heavy oil cuts 8.5%wt Short residue 45%wt
The kinematic viscosity of these distillates ranges from 1.55 to
1140 cSt. This is employed in the process to remove asphalt from vacuum residues(short residues) to produce bright stocks. This process came into the process to produce more relatively sulphur and metal free feedstocks from vacuum residues. 50-80% of the vacuum residues can be converted to bright stocks for the cracking process. Propane is the commonly used solvent. Operating condition: Temp 50-85ºC Pressure 3.5 – 4 MPa
Solvent feed ratio(vol./vol.) is 5-13
Product yield(wt%): Deasphalted oil 33% Asphlat + loss 67% This method is mainly used to remove the aromatics and other undesirable constituents from the lube oil fractions. The most common solvents used today in this process are Furfural Phenol
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)
Furfural(C5H4O2) is the commonly used Solvent in this process
as it has got better physical properties and selectivity. Sometime these solvents will create toxic compounds, so the selection of these solvents should be done carefully. The solvent used in the process undergoes various process so that maximum part of it is to be recovered for future uses. The product obtained by this process is generally called as raffinate which is mostly blended with petroleum products to reduce emissions. The operating temp. ranges from 55-185º depends on the feedstock used. This method is mainly used to remove the waxy substances present in the crude oil. This is the most costly method as it uses both the solvent handling and refrigeration facilities. Relatively high Paraffinic crude is used. The solvents used in this process are: Methyl ethyl Ketone Methyl isobutyl Ketone
Toluene
Methyl ethyl Ketone is the mainly used solvent used in
this process. Dewaxing temperature is maintained between -10 to -20ºC. Solvent oil ratio ranges from 3.8 to 6.4 This method is used to stabilizes the undesirable components by catalytic hydrogenation process. This method is used to remove a series of undesirable compounds like: Sulphur Oxygen
Prevent rust. The design and operation of a lube refinery has a marked influence on the economy of a country, as the demand for them increases day by day. India is lacking behind in the global lube market, though it is the third largest consumer of lubes as our reservoirs give us crudes that are not much suited for the manufacture of lubes. 1. Petroleum refining technology by Dr. Ram Prasad. 2. Lubart.com 3. Wikipedia
How Lubricating Oil Is Made - Material, History, Used, Processing, Parts, Components, Industry, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing Process of Lubricating Oil, Quality Control, The Future
How Lubricating Oil Is Made - Material, History, Used, Processing, Parts, Components, Industry, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing Process of Lubricating Oil, Quality Control, The Future
