The document discusses oil compatibility and fouling issues in crude oil processing. It provides background on common fouling problems caused by asphaltene precipitation from incompatible oil mixtures. Various compatibility testing methods are described, including modeling approaches using solubility parameters and models that evaluate asphaltene insolubility and a oil's ability to dissolve asphaltenes. The importance of compatibility testing for complex refinery streams involving diverse crude oils is emphasized to prevent processing problems.
The document discusses oil compatibility and fouling issues in crude oil processing. It provides background on common fouling problems caused by asphaltene precipitation from incompatible oil mixtures. Various compatibility testing methods are described, including modeling approaches using solubility parameters and models that evaluate asphaltene insolubility and a oil's ability to dissolve asphaltenes. The importance of compatibility testing for complex refinery streams involving diverse crude oils is emphasized to prevent processing problems.
The document discusses oil compatibility and fouling issues in crude oil processing. It provides background on common fouling problems caused by asphaltene precipitation from incompatible oil mixtures. Various compatibility testing methods are described, including modeling approaches using solubility parameters and models that evaluate asphaltene insolubility and a oil's ability to dissolve asphaltenes. The importance of compatibility testing for complex refinery streams involving diverse crude oils is emphasized to prevent processing problems.
The document discusses oil compatibility and fouling issues in crude oil processing. It provides background on common fouling problems caused by asphaltene precipitation from incompatible oil mixtures. Various compatibility testing methods are described, including modeling approaches using solubility parameters and models that evaluate asphaltene insolubility and a oil's ability to dissolve asphaltenes. The importance of compatibility testing for complex refinery streams involving diverse crude oils is emphasized to prevent processing problems.
2 The Reason of Organic-Fouling: Asphaltene Precipitation
Incompatible Oil makes Asphaltene Precipitation and Fouling
DEPOSIT
ABSORBED (Heated Wall)
3 Refinery Troubles From Compatibility
Incompatible of oil cause many problems
2) Desalter Efficency
1) Tank Sludge 3) Fouling in Process
4) Product Bleding
4 Incompatibility of Oil Mixture
Incompatibility Tendency of a Liquid Material to Form Deposit upon
Mixing with Another Liquid
Instability Tendency of a Liquid Material to Form (or Initially Contain)
Deposit upon Storage or Heating Mechanism could be Asphaltene Precipitation or Oxidation and Polymerization Reactions
Light Tight Oil + Heavy Crude Crude A+B: Asphaltene Precipitation
CRUDE A CRUDE CRUDE B
A+B
5 Diversification of Oil in Refinery
Diversification of Feed Oil increase Compatibility Issue in Oil Blending
for Process or Production.
Distillation Unit Feedstocks Heavy Oil Products
Condensate Crude Cracked Oil Light Tight Oil Straight Run Heavy Oil Conventional Light/ Medium/ Imported Fuel Oil Heavy Crude Thermal Converted Heavy Oil Opportunity Crude Other Low Price Oil Imported Fuel Oil Processed Oil from Refinery
6 What Causes Incompatible Liquids ?
Attractive Force Difference between Like and Unlike
Molecules (Enthalpy Effects) Specific Interactions Hydrogen Bonding Electron Donor-Acceptor Field Interactions Dispersion Forces Dipole-Dipole Randomness Constraints (Entropy Effects) Size: Linear Chain is Larger than Compact Shape Pure Component Properties Crystalline Melting Point (Wax is example) Equation of State (Expansion Near Critical Point)
Process Chemistry of Petroleum Macromolecules, Irwin A. Wiehe
7 Deposit
Deposit Measured during Stability and Compatibility Testing
are: Precipitated Asphaltenes
Fines Particulates (Catalyst, Scale) and Wax Deposit Possibly Ac
ting as Precursor of Sediment and Aggregating the Asphaltenes
Colloidal Theory: The colloidal theory approach assumes that asphaltenes exist as solid articles in oil and are stabilized by the presence of resins. Solubility Theory: The solubility theory assumes asphaltenes to be a part of the oil blend and models the precipitation process either as a liquidliquid or solidliquid equilibria.
Colloidal Theory Solubility Theory
9 Refinery Oil Compatibility Test
Method Tech. Test
Solubility Parameter s Shell Stability *Peptizing Power, Po Titration Modeling Reserve Test **Flocculation Ration, Frmax Optical Shell (P-Value) Formula: P=Po/FRmax
Modified Test SMS 2712 Shell Modified Spot Test Spot
Solubility Parameter Oil Compatibility Titration Modeling *Insolubility Number, IN Model Spot **Solubility Blending Number, SBN Exxon Configuration change of Asphaltene in Mobil Small Angle Blended Oil SANS Test Neutron (ex. Asphaltene Deposit: Nanoscale Optical Scattering (SANS) Microscale)
FR 1.0 TE = FR5/1*100% X = (Varom + Vpara) / Moil Pa = 1 - FRmax FRmax Po = (Frmax)*P or Po = (Frmax)*(1 + Xmin) 0.5 ++ + Xmin FR5/1 P = 1 + Xmin
Pa = peptizability aspheltenes Po = peptizing power of the oil matrix FRmax = maximum flocculation ratio (at 1/X=0)
12 Oil Compatibility Model
Blend Oil with Test Liquid (Toluene and n-Heptane)
Determine Flocculation Points for Oil / Test Liquid Ratios
Measures Degree of Asphaltene Insolubility
Insolubility Number IN
Measures Ability of Oil to Dissolve Asphaltenes
Solubility Blending Number SBN
Criterion of Compatibility: SBN > IN
I. A. Wiehe and R. J. Kennedy, Energy & Fuels, 14, 56 63 (2000)
13 Oil Compatibility Model
Insolubility Number Solubility Blending Number
Process Chemistry of Petroleum
Macromolecules, Irwin A. Wiehe 14 Compatibility Criteria
Blends are compatible when the volumetric average solubility
blending number is greater than the insolubility number of any component of the blend
Process Chemistry of Petroleum
Macromolecules, Irwin A. Wiehe 15 Range of Numbers
Process Chemistry of Petroleum
Macromolecules, Irwin A. Wiehe 16 Do Not Blend Wrong Order
Compatibility Predictive Model
AFPM Annual Meeting March 23-24, 2014
Challenges and Solutions for Processing Opportunity Crudes, GE Water & Process
17 Conclusion
Monitoring of processes and compatibility of crude oil blends in
industrial plants is important to prevent plugging trouble and unit shut downs. Heavy and crude oil compatibility model is powerful tool in marine fuel and crude oil blending. Right Blending Order can solve many of blending problems The oil compatibility model still have limitation for dynamic dispersing ability of resins and wax deposit issue.
