Rubrics
Presentation 5pts
Cooperation 5pts
Correctness 10pts
Total 20pts
PLANTING
SYTEM
PLANTING SYSTEM
- is also called system of layout,and it is
dependent on the type of crops being
grown, existing soil condition and needs, as
well as the amount of gardening space
available for cultivation.
DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEM
SQUARE SYSTEM
- one plant or a group of plants in a
common hill occupies the corners of a
square which has 4 sides of equal lengths.
Advantages
[Link] channels and paths can be
made straight.
[Link] like ploughing, harrowing,
cultivation, spraying and harvesting
becomes easy.
[Link] supervision of the orchard is possible
as one gets a view of the orchard from one
end to the other
Disadvantages
[Link] less number of trees are
accommodated in given area.
2. A lot of space in the centre of each
square is wasted i.e, certain amount of
space in the middle of four trees is wasted.
Lay out procedures for different
systems The following are the
basic procedures for laying out
various systems of orchid.
a) Establish a base line/row.
b) b) Mark position of trees on this line using
the wooden stakes leaving half of plat to
plant distance (actual or adjusted) on both
sides of the base lines.
c) c) Using right angle shaft, extend lines
perpendicular to the base line from every
position of the trees marked.
d) d) stakes are fixed on these lines at plant to
plant distance
Rectangular
Thefield is laid out into rectangular shape
plot keeping mores pace between row
and row. The plant to plant distance is
kept comparatively less. Thus, rectangular
system accommodates more plants in
rows. Inter-cultural operations can be
carried out through
both ways. The plants get proper space a
nd sunlight for their growth and
development.
Advantages
[Link] operations can be carried out
easily.
[Link] channel can be made length
and breadth wise
[Link] can penetrate into the orchard
through the large inter spaces between
rows.
[Link] supervision is possible.
[Link] is possible.
Disadvantages
1.A large area of the orchard between rows
is wasted if intercropping is not practiced.
[Link] number of trees are planted
Lay out procedures
The procedure is the same as for the square
system. The row to row distance is more than
the plant to plant distance and the row to
row distance forms the length of the
rectangle.
Hexagonal/ triangular System
This system accommodates 15% more plants t
han squaresystem. The plants are planted at
the corner of equilateral [Link], six trees
are planted making a hexagon. Seventh tree
isplanted in the centre. This is very intense
method of planting andhence requires fertile
land. In the suburb of cities where land
iscostly, this system is worth adoption.
However, the laying out of system is hard
and cumbersome.
Advantages
[Link] to square system 15% more
trees can be planted.
[Link] is an ideal system for the fertile and well
irrigated land.
[Link] to plant distance can be maintained
the same.
[Link] income can be obtained.
Disadvantages
[Link] operations become difficult.
[Link] is required to layout the orchard.
Layout procedures
• Establish a base line on one side of the field as
in the square system.
• Mark the position of trees on the base line at
the desired distance and fix the Stakes. Make
equilateral triangles on the base line maintaining
the sides of the triangles equal to plant to plant
distance.
• Mark all the triangles with stakes and join
them into a line to form the second line of trees.
Similarly, make equilateral triangles on the
second line and cover the whole land.
Quincunx system
This system is similar to square system except one additional
plat is plated in the centre of each square. The plants that are
planted in the centre of each square along with tall growing
plantsat the corners of squares are termed as “filler ” plants.
These plantsare planted with a view to generate income when
the main orchardplant is under non-bearing stage. Filler plants
also ensure proper utilization of otherwise left space between
rows of trees. Theseplants are usually short-statured and early
bearing.
Advantages
[Link] income can be earned from
the filler crop till the main crop comes into
bearing. [Link] to square to square
and rectangular systems, almost double the
number of trees can be planted initially.
[Link] utilization of the land is possible.
Approximately 10% more plants than the
square method
Disadvantages
[Link] required to layout the orchard.
[Link]/filler crop can interfere with the
growth of the main crop.
[Link] operations become
difficult. [Link] of the main crop0 is
reduced if the filler crop is allowed to
continue after the growth of the main
crop.
Layout procedures
Follow the procedure for the layout of a
square system. In addition to this mark with
Stakes at the centers of each square for the
filler plants by drawing the diagonals.
Contour system
Itis adopted in hilly areas for planting fruit
plants where
landis undulated and soils erosion is a gre
at threat. Under suchcircumstances, cont
our terrace is developed by scratching an
dleveling the hill-slope. The width of
contour terrace variesaccording to the
slope of the hill. At stiff hill slope the width
iskept narrower.
Advantages
[Link] system can be adopted in hilly regions,
can control the soil erosion and helps
simultaneously in the conservation of water.
[Link] of plant nutrients which are
supplied as manures and fertilizers.
Disadvantages
[Link] out of contour lines is difficult and
time consuming.
[Link] skill is required to layout this system.
[Link] instruments are required for
making contour lines.
[Link] row to row distance will not be equal
and adjustments may be required in the
plant to plat distance.
[Link] are broken in to bits and pieces.
Contour system
is a little more complicated than any other
system of layout since planting has to be
done on slopes. For the procedure mark
contours at a distance equal to row to row
distance on each contour lines. The
contours may be of full length or less than
full length depending on variations in the
degree of slope.
