PRODUCE ORGANIC
VEGETABLES
SELECT AND USE FARM TOOLS
• Farm Tools
-these are simple tools that is used in the farm to do farm
works.
• Farm Equipment
- any kind of machinery used on a farm to help
with farming. The best-known example of this kind is the
tractor.
• HAND TOOLS
- is any tool that is not a power tool – that is, one powered by
hand (manual labour) rather than by an engine. Hand tools are
generally less dangerous than power tools. Some examples of
hand tools are:
-any of various small hand tools having a flat metal blade
attached to a handle, used for scooping or spreading
plaster or similar materials
TROWEL
-a similar tool with a curved blade used by gardeners for
lifting plants, etc.
-is a gardening tool that is used to turn the soil where
plants and vegetables are planted, or it can be used to
HAND
CULTIVATOR remove weeds from soil in a garden.
-is a large cutting tool used in clearing vegetation.
BOLO
-is use for cutting big size post or branch of trees.
AXE
-is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or reaping
crops.
SCYTHE
- is a tool primarily for digging or removing earth and fixing
soil.
SPADE
- a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk agricultural
materials.
SHOVEL
-is a long, straight metal bar used as a hand tool to deliver
blows to break up and loosen hard or compacted materials
DIGGING
BAR
(e.g., soil, rocks, concrete) or as a lever to move objects.
-can be used to dig holes for plant.
PICK
MATTOCK
-used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and
harvest root crops.
HOE
-used to dig narrow holes to install posts, such as for
fences and signs.
HOLE
DIGGER
-used especially for drawing together cut grass or fallen
leaves, or smoothing loose soil
RAKE
-used in harvesting vegetables and pruning hard branches
of shrubs.
PRUNING
SHEAR
-is use in pruning branches of big trees; it is also use in
thinning bamboo.
PRUNING
SAW
-a spraying apparatus consisting of a knapsack tank
together with pressurizing device, line, and sprayer
nozzle, used chiefly in fire control and in spraying
KNAPSACK fungicides or insecticides.
SPRAYER
-is a small hand-propelled vehicle, usually with just
one wheel, designed to be pushed and guided by a
single person using two handles at the rear used in to
WHEEL
transport agricultural inputs such as soil, fertilizer etc.
BARROW
• FARM IMPLEMENTS
- These are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or mounted to
machineries (hand tractor, tractor) which are usually used in the preparation of
land. These are usually made of a special kind of metal.
-is a machine that is use in agricultural areas to pump
water into their farms.
WATER PUMP
MOTOR
-is a tool (or machine) used in farming for initial
cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or
PLOW
planting to loosen or turn the soil.
-an agricultural implement consisting of many spikes,
tines or discs dragged across the soil.
HARROW
-a type of machine with rotating blades that break up
soil;it is attached into a tractor.
ROTAVATOR
-used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or
trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing,
planting, and similar tasks.
TRACTOR
PLANT PROPAGATION
• Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants from a
variety of sources: seeds, cuttings, bulbs and other plant parts.
Plant propagation can also refer to the artificial or natural
dispersal of plants.
• PURPOSE:
• To retain the desirable characteristic of mother plants
• To rapidly increase the number of plants.
• To shorten the bearing age of plants.
• To prevent the species from being lost.
• To produce superior strains and disease resistant plants.
TWO METHODS OF PROPAGATION
1. Sexual Propagation
-The propagation or reproducing of plants from seeds.
2. Asexual Propagation
-A method by which new plants are produced and
multiplied by the use of parts and buds of the selected
mother plants and employing several methods such as
layering, marcotting, grafting, budding , and inarching.
PLANT PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES
• CUTTINGS
-Detaching portion of the selected
mother plant for the purpose of
producing new plants
• MARCOTTING
-is a form of vegetative reproduction that
consists in inducing rooting of part of a
tree branch. After rooting is induced, the
branch is cut and put in a nursery to
develop buds and become an
independent plant.
• TRENCH LAYERING
-The parent plant is planted at an angle
(30-40 degrees) so new shoots can be
pegged down in shallow trenches and
covered with soil. When rooted, the
shoots can be detached from the parent
plant and planted out.
• GRAFTING
--is a horticultural technique whereby
tissues from one plant are inserted into
those of another so that the two sets of
vascular tissues may join together.
• BUDDING
-is a form of asexual reproduction
in which a new organism
develops from an outgrowth or
bud due to cell division at one
particular site. The new organism
remains attached as it grows,
separating from the parent
organism only when it is mature,
leaving behind scar tissue.
TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLINGS
Step 1 Step 2
Prepare a hole in well fertilized soil. The hole Place your hand over the soil allowing the seedling
should be wider than the seedling pot and stem to come between your fingers not leaving too
much of a gap - we don't want to lose it's original soil-
also about an inch and a half deeper, and squeeze the bottom of the seedling pot to loosen
depending on the size of the seedling. the soil and the roots from the inner walls.
Step 3 Step 4
Continue squeezing and rotating the pot until Place the seedling in the hole while filling it with
you can slide the root cluster with the soil quality soil or potting mix. It is advisable to bury
straight out of the pot. When using a pot with part of the stem in the soil as any of the stem that
sufficient drainage, this should all come out you bury will grow new roots and boost the
as one 'clump'. separate the roots a little with plant's future growth. However, do not bury
your hands once you pull it out to allow new leaves else they may cause rot with watering, it's
best to remove the lowest leaves to avoid such rot.
space for growing.
5S SYSTEM
It is a system to reduce waste and optimize productivity through
maintaining an orderly workplace
Principles of 5S
• SEIRI – Organisation/Sort out
• SEITON – Orderliness/Systemize
• SEISO – The Cleaning/Shining
• SEIKETSU – STANDARDIZE
• SHITSUKE - Sustain/Discipline
