RF MEMS variable capacitors can provide tunable antennas, filters, and phase shifters with low loss and high linearity. They use electrostatic actuation of parallel plates to vary capacitance. Smart tuners containing arrays of MEMS capacitors can precisely tune antennas in cell phones to different LTE bands, improving efficiency and allowing for smaller antennas and displays. Cavendish has developed a smart tuner product that varies the electrical length of antennas for optimal frequency tuning and impedance matching.
RF MEMS variable capacitors can provide tunable antennas, filters, and phase shifters with low loss and high linearity. They use electrostatic actuation of parallel plates to vary capacitance. Smart tuners containing arrays of MEMS capacitors can precisely tune antennas in cell phones to different LTE bands, improving efficiency and allowing for smaller antennas and displays. Cavendish has developed a smart tuner product that varies the electrical length of antennas for optimal frequency tuning and impedance matching.
RF MEMS variable capacitors can provide tunable antennas, filters, and phase shifters with low loss and high linearity. They use electrostatic actuation of parallel plates to vary capacitance. Smart tuners containing arrays of MEMS capacitors can precisely tune antennas in cell phones to different LTE bands, improving efficiency and allowing for smaller antennas and displays. Cavendish has developed a smart tuner product that varies the electrical length of antennas for optimal frequency tuning and impedance matching.
RF MEMS variable capacitors can provide tunable antennas, filters, and phase shifters with low loss and high linearity. They use electrostatic actuation of parallel plates to vary capacitance. Smart tuners containing arrays of MEMS capacitors can precisely tune antennas in cell phones to different LTE bands, improving efficiency and allowing for smaller antennas and displays. Cavendish has developed a smart tuner product that varies the electrical length of antennas for optimal frequency tuning and impedance matching.
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RF MEMS Smart tuners Using
MEMS Variable Capacitors
By Danial Sadiq CSU ID: 831636359 • Switches, Antennas and variable capacitors are important building blocks of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). • (RF MEMS) can provide low loss even at The NEED elevated frequencies • Inherently high linearity, since RF MEMS For RF MEMS components do not contain non-linear elements, such as semiconductor junctions or ferroelectrics. • MEMS device delivers low insertion loss, higher Q and utilizes very low current for operation. • MEMS tunable variable capacitors have the potential to replace conventional varactor diodes in many applications such as oscillators, tunable filters, and phase shifters. • Among all the MEMS tunable capacitors developed to date, parallel-plate configuration (using electrostatic actuation) is the most commonly used • It consists of two parallel plates, four T-shaped beams to suspend the top plate. Air is between the top plate and the bottom plate. • When voltage is applied to the two pads, the top plate will be pulled down because of electrostatic force. • the suspended plate can be pulled down at most by 1/3 of the original gap, corresponding to a 50% capacitance increase.
RF MEMS Variable Capacitors
• The Pull in voltage is given by where where x0 is the original gap, C0 the original capacitance without applied voltage or RF signals, km the effective spring constant of the four T-shaped beams, which can be written as
• where keq is the equivalent spring constant of each T-shaped beams,
Li, Wi, and Ti are the length, width and thickness of the beams E is the Young's modulus of the metal material. Challenging to achieve high-yield, high-reliability designs.
Properties of An array of bi-state MEMS capacitor cells (Fig. 1) forms a digitally
tunable capacitor
RF MEMS The Q factor of the RF MEMS capacitors, which is frequency and Variable capacitance dependent, is rated from tens to hundreds
Capacitor The third order input is usually over 60dBm providing good linearity (Cont.) Having current consumption minimum, All these features of MEMS tunable capacitors make them an excellent candidate device for implementing tunable RF front-ends of the wireless transceivers. Smart Phones have to support variable frequency bands from, 60MHz to 6GHz
Large Displays, Batteries creates the need for the
antennas to be even more smaller. RF MEMS SMART Lower antenna efficiency results in data rates that are a fraction of what is promised while draining TUNERS (The battery life. The solution to having more than one antenna is Need) too tune the antenna precisely to a specific frequency in LTE band. Cavendish solves this problem by using hundreds of tiny MEMS capacitors that are selected digitally in groups to vary the capacitance. • Wi Spry has introduced Tunable Digital Capacitor technology based on common MEMS structural elements. • These capacitor arrays deliver a very fine range of capacitance range resulting in a wide tuning range. • WiSpry’s tunable RF technology include: 1. Separate Signal and Control Path 2. Unique Beam Structure Improves Isolation & Reliability by eliminating charging effect. 3. Wide range of values available General Properties • Wi Spry manufactures Tunable capacitor known as WS1040 is four capacitor device that can be indivisually controlled for a precise capacitance value. • WiSpry capacitors can be used both in series and in shunt configuration. • With introduction of new LTE Bands, we cannot follow a middle approach. • unable RF quad capacitor also addresses numerous antenna challenges facing wearable device designers. The single chip enables real- time control and adaption to the electrical signal environment. • Companies like Cavendish have followed Wi Spry Approach to create a smart tuner. Smart Tuner by Cavendish Kinetics • SmarTuneTM Antenna Tuners are extremely precise • and low-loss variable capacitors that tolerate high RF • Voltages, making them ideal for tunable antennas, • dynamic load adjustments, tunable filters, and analog • RF applications that require high voltage operation. • Cavendish Kinetics’ RF MEMS SmarTuners solve the problem. SmarTuners are attached to the aperture of the antenna to dynamically change the electrical length, allowing the phone to precisely tune to any frequency band. • SmartTuners can also be used for impedance matching to maximize the power transfer to the antenna. Aperture Tuning and Impedance Matching can even be combined to further optimize RF performance. SmarTune Advantages over Broadband Antennas: full spectrum coverage at high efficiency References • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026269207002455 • https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=904341 • https://www.slideshare.net/Yole_Developpement/yole-cavendish- kineticssample • https://www.coventor.com/mems-solutions/rf-switch-varactor/ • http://www.memsjournal.com/2011/05/an-overview-of-rf-mems- technologies-and-applications.html • http://www.electronicdesign.com/communications/digital-rf-mems- capacitor-maximizes-smart-phone-antenna-efficiency • https://www.cavendish-kinetics.com/rf-mems-products/rf-mems- transferswitches/ • http://wispry.com/solutions/tunable-digital-capacitor-arrays/
