DSP BASED MOTOR CONTROL
Prepared By : Ankita Dubey
14EEBEC010
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
MOTOR CONTROL TREND
DSP CONTROLLERS
TMS320C240
AC INDUCTION MOTOR
THE SCALAR CONTROL
THE VECTOR CONTROL
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
• DSP stands for Digital Signal Processing, deals with
processing on signals to get desired output/response on
digital processors.
• Some of basic processes/operations on signals involves
1. Filtering,
2. Scaling(Amplification/Attenuation),
3. Addition or Subtraction of two or more signals,
4. Integration/differentiation,
5. Modulation(Amplitude/Angle), etc.
MOTOR CONTROL TREND
• Market analysis shows that most of all industrial motor applications use induction motor.
• Traditionally motor control was designed with analog components. However there are
several drawbacks with analog systems.
• Digital systems offer improvements over analog design.
They are:
1. Drift is eliminated.
2. Upgrades can easily be made in software.
DSP CONTROLLERS
• DSP controllers are known as Digital signal controllers(DSC).
• Digital signal controllers are hybrid of microcontrollers and DSPs.
• In DSCs, DSP is used as control element.
• The top three DSC vendors are Texas Instruments , Freescale, and Microchip
Technology.
DSPs CONTROLLERS MAY ALSO
PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING
• Enables control of multi-variable and complex systems.
• Performs adaptive control.
• Provides diagnostic monitoring with FFT of spectrum analysis.
• Produces sharp-cut-off notch filters that eliminate narrowband mechanical resonance.
TMS320C240
• Texas Instruments launches a new DSP, referenced TMS320C240, specifically designed for
the Digital Motor Control segment.
• The TMS320C240 device combining a 16 bit fixed point DSP core with microcontroller
peripherals in a single chip solution is part of a new generation of DSPs called the DSP
controllers.
• These systems lack the ability to execute advanced
algorithms fast enough for real-time control.
TMS320C240 ARCHITECTURE
AC INDUCTION
MOTOR
• The motor studied in this
note is part of the
Alternative Current supplied
motors. It is the squirrel cage
asynchronous motor , named
AC induction motor
• The least expensive and most
widely spread induction
motor is the squirrel cage
motor.
There are several ways to control an induction motor in torque,
speed or position, they can be categorized into two groups they
are :
1) Scalar control
2) Vector control
THE SCALAR CONTROL
• Scalar control means that variables are controlled only in magnitude and
the feedback and command signals are proportional to dc quantities.
• A scalar control method can only drive the stator frequency using a
voltage or a current as a command.
THE VECTOR CONTROL
• The vector control is referring not only to the magnitude but also to the phase of these
variables.
• This method takes into consideration not only successive steady-states but real
mathematical equations that describe the motor itself.
• Though the induction motor have a very simple structure ,its mathematical model is
complex due to the coupling factor between a large number of variables and then on
linearities.
APPLICATIONS
• Refrigerators
• Washing machine
• Dryers
• Pumps
• Fans
• Blowers, etc.
ADVANTAGES
• Digital signal processors go on further to provide high speed and high resolution in
order to reduce system costs.
• Generally fixed point DSPs are preferred for motor control for two reasons
1. Less cost.
2. Dynamic range is 16 bit.
DISADVANTAGES
• Limitation of A/D
• Expensive
• Quantisation error
CONCLUSION
• The DSP Controller TMS320C240 combines the performance of a DSP architecture
with the optimized peripherals of a Microcontroller in a single chip solutions for the
control of an induction motor.
• With the DSP controller an intelligent control approach is possible to reduce the overall
system costs and to improve the reliability of the drive system.
THANK YOU!!!
