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Electromagnetic Flowmeters

Electromagnetic flow meters work by inducing an electric voltage in a conductive fluid flowing through a magnetic field. [1] When fluid passes through a magnetic field generated by coils, it induces a voltage proportional to flow rate across electrodes. [2] This voltage can be measured to calculate flow rate using mathematical equations relating voltage, magnetic field strength, pipe diameter and fluid velocity. [3] Electromagnetic flow meters can use either AC or DC excitation of the coil, with AC prone to zero-shift from noise but faster response, and DC able to subtract out noise but with slower response.

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Syed Aseer
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265 views13 pages

Electromagnetic Flowmeters

Electromagnetic flow meters work by inducing an electric voltage in a conductive fluid flowing through a magnetic field. [1] When fluid passes through a magnetic field generated by coils, it induces a voltage proportional to flow rate across electrodes. [2] This voltage can be measured to calculate flow rate using mathematical equations relating voltage, magnetic field strength, pipe diameter and fluid velocity. [3] Electromagnetic flow meters can use either AC or DC excitation of the coil, with AC prone to zero-shift from noise but faster response, and DC able to subtract out noise but with slower response.

Uploaded by

Syed Aseer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic Flow Meters

S M ASEER
110115084
Working Principle
• A contact type flow device that consists of a pair of coil
and pair of electrode.

• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction is the


principle behind the flow meter.

• When the conductive fluid flows through a magnetic field


of the sensor, an electromotive force proportional to the
volume flow is generated between the pair of electrodes,
which is perpendicular to the flow direction and the
magnetic field.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Basic Diagrammatic
Representation

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Mathematical Equations
• To calculate the EMF generated across the pipe :

E = B·D·V [k=1]

Where,
E  Electromotive Force ; B  Magnetic Field
D  Diameter of Pipe ; V  Avg. Velocity of Fluid flow

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Mathematical Equations

• Volumetric Flow Rate(Q)


Q = {(π D²)/4} ·V [Q= AV ]

• Sensitivity = Output Voltage/Avg. Velocity


= E/V
= B·D

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Excitation of the Coil
• The Electromagnetic Coil in the flow meter is powered by :
a) DC Current
b) AC Current

• AC Excitation :
Line voltage is applied to Electromagnetic coils in the case of
AC Excitation.
• DC Excitation :
Pulsating DC with a low frequency( 7-30 Hz) is used to excite
the electromagnetic coils.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Noise in Electromagnetic Flow Meter

• Besides the flow velocity signal, Noise signals also


manage to make their way into the output signal.

• Noise signals can be sourced to internal capacitive and


inductive couplings , electrically charged fluids, large
particles, and electrochemical potentials at the electrode
interface.

• The noise signals induced into the system affect the


AC and DC excited systems in different ways.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Noise in AC Excitation
• AC excited systems are more susceptible to zero-shift than
DC excited systems.

• Electronic noise seeps into the system because the


continuous AC in the presence of stationary conductors or
couplings between the magnetic coils and electrode wires
create a varying non-flow induced voltage.

• The noise and flow signals are out of phase with each other
and can be distinguished with proper means, enabling the
pure flow signal to be processed and understood.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Noise in DC Excitation
• The pulsating DC excitation makes it possible to subtract
out the noise signals that would otherwise be generated by
the continuously changing magnetic field in traditional AC
excitation systems.

• Depending on the excitation frequency, remaining noise that


affects zero can be easily detected in isolation from the flow
signal when the magnetic coil has no current flowing
through it.

• This detection enables the noise component to be


subtracted from the output signal that is present when the
magnet is turned on.
Electromagnetic Flow Meters
Zero-Shift in DC Excitation

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Pros and Cons of AC and DC Excitations
• AC systems are inherently prone to Zero-shift, whereas
DC signals are not.

• Power Requiremnets of DC Systems are lesser as the coils


are energized intermittently, being a pulsed system.

• AC systems, because they are continuous systems, have


faster response time than DC systems, making them
suitable when dynamic response is critical.

• AC systems have higher signal-to-noise ratios due to higher


signal strength and excitation frequency and are hence
robust in noisy applications.
Electromagnetic Flow Meters
Market Price

Prices vary depending


upon the brand and the
specific detailed features.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters


Happy Learning !

S M ASEER
110115084

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