This document outlines a presentation on optical fiber communication. It introduces optical fibers and how light propagates through total internal reflection. It describes different fiber types including step index single mode, step index multimode, and graded index multimode fibers. The general system is outlined including transmitter, fiber, receiver. Benefits are high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to interference. Applications include telecommunications networks, military, and computing.
This document outlines a presentation on optical fiber communication. It introduces optical fibers and how light propagates through total internal reflection. It describes different fiber types including step index single mode, step index multimode, and graded index multimode fibers. The general system is outlined including transmitter, fiber, receiver. Benefits are high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to interference. Applications include telecommunications networks, military, and computing.
This document outlines a presentation on optical fiber communication. It introduces optical fibers and how light propagates through total internal reflection. It describes different fiber types including step index single mode, step index multimode, and graded index multimode fibers. The general system is outlined including transmitter, fiber, receiver. Benefits are high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to interference. Applications include telecommunications networks, military, and computing.
This document outlines a presentation on optical fiber communication. It introduces optical fibers and how light propagates through total internal reflection. It describes different fiber types including step index single mode, step index multimode, and graded index multimode fibers. The general system is outlined including transmitter, fiber, receiver. Benefits are high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to interference. Applications include telecommunications networks, military, and computing.
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National Conference on
WiSE-2013: Wireless, Signal Processing and Embedded Systems
on 21st and 22nd June, 2013 Organized by BMS College of Engineering
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
Presented By - SATYENDRA VISHWAKARMA M.TECH(Electrical Power & Energy Systems) Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, U.P. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE OF LIGHT PROPAGATION THROUGH A FIBRE CONDITIONS TO ACHIEVE TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES GENERAL OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BENEFITS OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM APPLICATION CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Optical Fibre - An optical fibre is a dielectric wave guide that operates at optical frequencies. This fibre wave guide is normally cylindrical in form. Function - It confines electro magnetic energy in the form of light to within its surfaces and guides the light in a direction parallel to its axis. PRINCIPLE OF LIGHT PROPAGATION THROUGH A FIBRE When the light ray is incident on the interface between two medium having different indices at an angle greater than critical angle, the light gets totally internally reflected within the medium of higher refractive index. Refractive Index The refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of velocity of light in vacuum to the velocity of light in the medium. 3. If the dielectric on other side of interface has the refractive index n 2 which is less than n1 , then the refraction is such that the ray path in this index medium is at an angle 2 to the normal where 2>1 . 4. The angle of incidence 1 and the refraction 2 are related to each other and to the refractive indices of dielectric by Snells law of refraction which states that
n1sin1= n2sin2 5. When the angle of refraction is 90 and the refracted ray emerges parallel to the interface between the dielectrics, the angle of incidence must be less than 90. CONDITIONS TO ACHIEVE TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION The phenomenon of total internal reflection occurs at the interface between two dielectrics of different refractive indices only when,
Light is incident on the dielectric of lower index from the dielectric
of higher index. The angle of incidence exceeds the critical value. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES Based on fibers used in communication they are classified into: 1. Step index fiber a. Single mode b. Multimode 2. Graded index fiber a. Multimode 1. Step Index Fibre- The refractive index of core is maximum and constant throughput the core. There is a stepwise decrease of refractive index in cladding. The refractive index of cladding is given by, Step index multimode fiber The difference between refractive indices of core and cladding is more. Its core has large diameter. It is used in short distance communication because attenuation is large. Step index single mode fiber The difference between refractive indices of core and cladding is very less. Its core diameter is also very small. It has low attenuation and very high bandwidth. It has low numerical aperture(NA). So these are used in long distance communication. 2. Graded Index Fibre- The refractive index of core varies parabolically such that its maximum at the core axis and minimum at the core cladding boundary. The refractive index of a graded index fiber is given by, GENERAL OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Like all other communication system, the primary objective of optical fiber communication system also is to transfer the signal containing information (voice, data, video) from the source to the destination. The general block diagram of optical fiber communication system is shown in the figure. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BENEFITS OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Some of the innumerable benefits of optical fiber communication
system are: Immense bandwidth to utilize Total electrical isolation in the transmission medium Very low transmission loss Small size and light weight High signal security Immunity to interference and crosstalk Very low power consumption and wide scope of system expansion etc. APPLICATION Due to its variety of advantages optical fiber communication system has a wide range of application in different fields namely: Public network field which includes trunk networks, junction networks, local access networks, submerged systems, synchronous systems etc. Field of military applications Civil, consumer and industrial applications Field of computers which is the center of research right now. CONCLUSION
Though there are some negatives of optical fiber
communication system in terms of fragility, splicing, coupling, set up expense etc. but it is an un avoidable fact that optical fiber has revolutionized the field of communication. As soon as computers will be capable of processing optical signals, the total arena of communication will be opticalized immediately.
REFERENCES [1] K. C. Kao and G. A. Hockham, Proc. IEE 113, 1151 (1966); A. Werts, Onde Electr. 45,967 (1966). [2] N. S. Kapany, Fiber Optics: Principles and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, CA,1967. [3] J. Gower, Optical Communication Systems, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, London THANK YOU
