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Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystem

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaves. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The process has two phases - the light reaction phase uses light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle uses these products to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into glucose without requiring light. Photosynthesis is essential as it produces organic molecules from inorganic materials and provides a source of food and oxygen for all living things.

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164 views23 pages

Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystem

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant leaves. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The process has two phases - the light reaction phase uses light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle uses these products to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into glucose without requiring light. Photosynthesis is essential as it produces organic molecules from inorganic materials and provides a source of food and oxygen for all living things.

Uploaded by

Jazille Lardizabal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FLOW OF ENERGY AND

MATTER IN ECOSYSTEM

Photosynthesis
How do plants in
the forest manage
to grow, live, bear
flowers and fruits by
themselves without
any human
Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Plants use sunlight to turn water
and carbon dioxide into glucose.
Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for
energy and as a building block
for growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and
heterotrophs are consumers of it.
Why is Photosynthesis important?

Makes organic molecules (glucose)


out of inorganic materials (carbon
dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs.
Thus all life is supported by this
process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!
Photosynthesis-starts to ecological food webs!
6

Question:

Where does
photosynthesis
take place?
Leaf is the major organ of
the plant responsible for
trapping the light energy
from the sun.

Leaves have network of


tubes (veins) for the
passageway of materials.

Midrib connects the leaf


from the petiole, then to
the stem, and finally the
roots.
External structure of the leaf
Internal structure of the leaf
A leaf is composed of
various tissues namely:
dermal (epidermis)

vascular (xylem and


phloem) and

ground tissue
(mesophyll/parenchyma
cells)
The upper and lower layer of epidermis
protect the leaves , limit water loss, and enable
gas exchange.
Leaves have waxy, transparent cuticle that
helps prevent water loss.
Openings, called stoma (stomata,sing.) serves
as passageway of gases (O, , water vapor)
The guard cells regulate the size of the
opening of the stoma. The lost of water through
the stoma is called Transpiration.
The mesophyll area is divided into palisade
mesophyll, composed of columnar-shaped
cells.
And spongy mesophyll composed of
irregularly shaped cells.
THE CHLOROPLAST
In most plants, photosynthesis occurs
primarily in the leaves, in the chloroplasts
A chloroplast contains:
thylakoid
grana, stacks of thylakoids
stoma, a fluid

The thylakoids contain chlorophyll


Chlorophyll is the green pigment that captures
light for photosynthesis.
17

Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

Stroma
Outer Membrane Thylakoid Granum
Inner Membrane

Thylakoid stacks are connected together


18

Thylakoid

Thylakoid Membrane

Thylakoid Space
Granum

Grana make up the inner membrane


AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which
autotrophic organisms use light energy to
make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon
dioxide and water.

Carbon Water Oxygen


dioxide Glucose
gas

CHLOROPHYLL
20

Two Parts of Photosynthesis


Two reactions make up photosynthesis:
1.Light Reaction or Light Dependent
Reaction Light phase occurs in grana.
Light energy splits water molecules
into hydrogen atoms and oxygen
molecules.
Produces energy from solar power
(photons) in the form of ATP and
NADPH.
21

Two Parts of Photosynthesis

2. Calvin Cycle or Light


Independent Reaction

This stage doesnt require light.


This occurs in stroma of the
chloroplast. The main purpose of
the dark phase is to convert
carbon dioxide to sugar.
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate

NADPH- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide


Phosphate

NADP- NADP + H,

ADP- Adenosine Diphosphate

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