BSR101
BUILDING SERVICES I
C.O.L.D W.A.T.E.R. S.U.P.P.L.Y
S.Y.S.T.E.M
COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN
BUILDING
Factors in selecting a water supply system in buildings:
1) The efficiency and suitability of a system.
2) Method and the distribution of plumbing supplies.
3) The installation of the system resistance.
4) The water pressure in the main pipe.
5) The cost of installation and maintenance.
Two (2) water supply systems to the building:
1) Direct System
2) Indirect System
Direct System
All appliances in the building receive water directly from the
main supply pipe / services pipe.
No water storage tanks required, except when there is hot
water supply systems (hot water cylinder)- 114 liters tank
Suitable for small building and the maximum head pressure
of 3 bar (30m) in the main pipe.
Widely used in areas of northern Malaysia.
Risk of contamination through the process of back-siphonage
is higher.
Back-siphonage occurs when there is a lot of water usage
from water outlet. Dirty water flowed came out from inlet will
be back-siphonage into the main channel.
Direct System
Advantages
Providing clean water and
fresh water at all points.
Installation work is easier
because there is no storage
tank.
Economical use of the pipe
(no distribution pipes from
the tank).
The water pressure is
always high.
The cost in terms of pipe
and joint material is low.
Disadvantages
Water supply had to be cut if
the maintenance work required.
High pressure - the valve and
connections are susceptible to
damage.
The effect of water hammer
(vibration of water) easy to
occur due to high pressure and
produce noise.
Water
supply
will
be
disconnected if there is a
disruption in the main pipe.
Risk of water contamination
arising from occurrence of
back-siphonage of waste water
is high.
Direct System
Suitable water pressure is
important to ensure the
process water supply is
smoothly.
Minimum of pipe work
installation required.
If hot water supply system
installed, supply tank with
capacity of 114L required.
Drinking water from any
intake flow.
The pipe is installed at a
distance of approximately
600mm from the external
wall.
The valve can be installed
to isolate sections of pipe
work.
INDIRECT SYSTEM
Sources of water are supplied from storage tanks through a
distribution pipe except to the kitchen sink is directly from the
service pipe.
The water tank is always filled with water and is controlled by
a ball valve.
Capacity of tank is almost double compared to direct system
(min 227 L) - These water tanks supply water to all fixtures.
Location of the tank at the roof space.
A lot of pipe work installation rather than direct system.
Higher installation costs.
Lack of equipment is connected directly to the tract - lack of
risk of contamination through the process of back-siphonage.
Provide plenty of saving water.
Indirect System
Advantages
The water pressure is
constant.
Constant pressure and low
- less water, and avoid the
problem of noise.
Have enough of water
storage if the main pipe
supply interruption or cut
off the supply are occurred.
Disadvantages
Low pressure in the main pipe
- water can not enter the tank
- the water runs out.
Higher costs - tanks, and
piping connections.
Water tanks - should be
maintained (maintained and
cleaned)
Water quality is dependent on
- the cleanliness of storage
tanks.
Indirect System
Service pipe
1st floor
Toile
t2
Basin
Communication
pipe
Water
meter
Ground floor
Toilet 1
kitchen
Main pipe
2 storey building
Distribution
pipe
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR PLUMBING
SYSTEM IN 2 STOREY BUILDING
1st floor
Toilet 2
Ground floor
Toilet 1
basin
Water
meter
Main pipe
kitchen
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR PLUMBING SYSTEM
IN HIGH RISE BUILDING
Storage
Tank 1
Storage
Tank 2
Vent pipe
(Air Bleeding
Pipe)
Paip agihan
Service pipe
WC
Bulk
meter
Main pipe
WB
SH
KT
Suction
tank
Individual
meter
Pump
MULTI-STOREY
Injap sehala
legend:
WC water closet
WB wash basin
SH shower
KT kitchen tap
Cold Water Supply in Highrise
Building
Comparison Between Direct System and
Indirect System
Direct System
Indirect System
Cleaner water supply to all
appliances.
High pressure can damage the
tap reticulation pipes and other
equipment.
Pressure is not uniform in the
reticulation pipes affect the
consumer.
No storage where there is no
supply.
Less pipe must be installed.
No need to supporter because
not use storage tank.
Installation of pipe work and
the cost is cheaper.
Water in the tank may be dirty.
Low pressure does not damage
the equipment.
Changing demand can be
overcome with the storage
tank.
Existence when there is no
supply of storage water.
Less pressure in distribution
pipes, larger pipes to be used.
There should be supporter to
be put in the tank.
Plumbing installation will
increase the cost and more
expensive.
Comparison Between Direct System and
Indirect System
Direct System
Indirect System
Installation of plumbing and
the cost are cheaper.
Size of tank is 114L.
Easy to maintain.
Plumbing installation and the
cost are expensive.
Minimum tank size of 227L.
It is difficult to maintain.
Internal
Plumbing
Pelan
Isometrik Paip Dalaman
Plan
Bangunan.
Sumber : SYABAS
Appliances for back-flow
prevention
Appliances preventing reverse flow in the main pipe (backflow preventions)
fitted with a horizontal pipeline.
It's like an automatic valve that allows water to flow in one direction and
prevented from flowing back.
It is installed with the help of pump power. If the pump is stopped, the
water can not flow back into the pump and the main pipe.
