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College Algebra - Module 4

This document provides an overview of rational expressions and radicals. It defines rational expressions as fractions with polynomial numerators and denominators, and covers simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing rational expressions. The document also defines radicals and covers properties such as simplifying radicals, rationalizing radicals, and operations on radicals. Finally, it introduces complex numbers and covers basic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers.

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Mineski Prince Garma
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© © All Rights Reserved
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86 views25 pages

College Algebra - Module 4

This document provides an overview of rational expressions and radicals. It defines rational expressions as fractions with polynomial numerators and denominators, and covers simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing rational expressions. The document also defines radicals and covers properties such as simplifying radicals, rationalizing radicals, and operations on radicals. Finally, it introduces complex numbers and covers basic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

Mineski Prince Garma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 4: Rational

Expressions &
Radicals
College Algebra
Jerome A. Jimenez, MoM

Rational Expression

A rational expression is an algebraic fraction

whose numerator and denominator are both


polynomials.
It is said to be that a rational expression is at

lowest term if both numerator and denominator


have no common factor other than 1 and -1.
The following
fractions
5y
3xare
2 rational expressions.
2a2 a 2

6y

x2 4

a 4
2

Properties of Rational
Expressions
To multiply rational expressions, we use the

property of fractions:

a c ac

b d bd

Example

Find the products in lowest terms.

5t 4
2
8 3t

2 2

4x 3x y

3y 10

x 5 4x2 12x 9
2
2
4x 9 2x 11x 5

Properties of Rational
Expressions
To divide a rational expressions, use the property

of fractions

a c a d

b d b c

c
0
d

Example

Find the quotients in lowest terms

45a3b2 75a4 b

4 3
28c d
8c2 d4

4x2 9y2 6x2 xy12y2

2
2
xy y
xy x

Properties of Rational
Expressions
The sum and difference of rational expressions are

found by using the following properties of fractions

a b a b

d d d

Example

Find the sum or difference of the following rational

expressions in lowest terms

3xy 9xy

y
y

5
7

2
4x
6x

5
4
2
2
x 4 x 4x 4

Rational Exponents

If n is a positive integer greater than 1 and a & b

are real numbers such that

bn = a
Then b is an nth root of a.

Rational Exponents

if n is a positive integer greater than 1, a is a real


n
number,
a and
of a, then
n

if a > 0,

denotes the principal nth root

is the positive nth root of a


n

if a < 0, and n is odd,


an 0 0

is the negative nth root of

Example

Evaluate

9
3

1
27

625

Rational Exponents

if n is a positive integer greater than 1, and a is a


n
real number, then
a if

1
n

is a real number

Example

Evaluate

25

(-8)

(1/81)

Rational Exponents

If m and n are positive integers that are relatively


n
prime, and a is a real number,
then if
a
real number

m
n

m
n

a ( a) a (a )
n

nm

is a

Example

Evaluate

9
8

(27)

Negative Rational
Exponents
If m and n are positive integers that are relatively
n
prime and a is a real number and
aa 0, then if
is a real number

m
n

1
m
n

Example

Evaluate
2

3
4

Properties of Radicals

If a and b are real numbers,

bn a c n a (b c) n a
n

ab

a n a

n
b
b
where both a 0 and b 0 if n is even.
n

Example

Evaluate and simplify the radicals

25

9 3 3

3
4

96
4
6

54
2

Simplifying Radicals

Simplify the following radicals

4 3

81x y

8 7

80x y

Rationalizing Radicals

Rationalize the following radicals

3
5

3
2x
2

3x
2 y2

5 2
5 2

Complex Numbers

A complex number is a number that takes the form

a + bi
where a is called the real part, b the imaginary part
and I the imaginary unit.
In the complex number a +i bi,1

Example

4 4
2
5
3

Operations on Complex
Numbers
let a, b, c, d be a set of all real numbers.

(a bi)(c di) (a c)(b d)i


(a bi)(c di) (a c)(b d)i
(a bi)(c di) ac bd(ad bc)i
a bi a bi c di (ac bd)(bc ad)i

c di c di c di
c2 d2

Examples

(2 3i) (4 7i)
(24 i) (10 3i)
(2 3i)(5 7i)
2 4i
5 3i

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