The document discusses the Earth's magnetic field and magnetic declination. It explains that the Earth's magnetic field is generated by electrically charged molten magma flowing around a solid iron core, similar to a large bar magnet located at the center. Magnetic north and true north do not coincide, with the difference between them called declination. Declination angles west are subtracted from magnetic north, while east declination angles are added. The document also discusses magnetic toolface and gravity toolface measurements from downhole survey tools.
The document discusses the Earth's magnetic field and magnetic declination. It explains that the Earth's magnetic field is generated by electrically charged molten magma flowing around a solid iron core, similar to a large bar magnet located at the center. Magnetic north and true north do not coincide, with the difference between them called declination. Declination angles west are subtracted from magnetic north, while east declination angles are added. The document also discusses magnetic toolface and gravity toolface measurements from downhole survey tools.
The document discusses the Earth's magnetic field and magnetic declination. It explains that the Earth's magnetic field is generated by electrically charged molten magma flowing around a solid iron core, similar to a large bar magnet located at the center. Magnetic north and true north do not coincide, with the difference between them called declination. Declination angles west are subtracted from magnetic north, while east declination angles are added. The document also discusses magnetic toolface and gravity toolface measurements from downhole survey tools.
The document discusses the Earth's magnetic field and magnetic declination. It explains that the Earth's magnetic field is generated by electrically charged molten magma flowing around a solid iron core, similar to a large bar magnet located at the center. Magnetic north and true north do not coincide, with the difference between them called declination. Declination angles west are subtracted from magnetic north, while east declination angles are added. The document also discusses magnetic toolface and gravity toolface measurements from downhole survey tools.
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Earths Magnetic Field
Electrically charged molten magma flowing around a solid iron core.
The earths field is similar to the field generated around a very large bar magnet as if it were located at the center of the earth.
The lines of magnetic flux are drawn exiting
from the north end of the bar magnet, looping around the earth, and entering at the south end of the magnet.
The north end of the bar magnet points towards
the earths Magnetic South Pole (Antarctic) and the South end of the bar magnet points towards the earths Magnetic North Pole (Arctic).
Magnetic Declination
Magnetic Declination: Magnetic north and true
north do not coincide. The divergence between true north and magnetic north is different for most points on the earths surface, and in addition to this the magnetic north pole changes its position very slightly each year.
The angle in degrees between true and magnetic
north is called the declination angle.
West Declination is always Subtracted and East
Declination is always Added. i.e.,
TRUE NORTH = MAGNETIC NORTH
(DECLINATION)
Earths Magnetic Field
D and I are measured in degrees. The angle between the All other elements are measured in nanotesla (nT). earth's magnetic flux lines 1 nTand = 10-9 theTesla horizontal at any point on the earth. D =The Tan-1(Y/X) Magnetic Declination range=of dip angle is from 90(at the South I = Tan-1(Z/H) Magnetic Inclination Magnetic=Pole) to 0 at H =equator (X2 + Y2)1/2 = Horizontalthe Component to+90(at X = North H CosDMagnetic = True North Component Pole). Places Y = on H SinD = True Eastdip Component earth where angle is 90 are called as Dip Holes.e F = of (X2the + Y2tool. + Z2)1/2 = Total Magnetic Field Intensity G = Gx+Gy+Gz On a Directional Well Plan we can find the values of Dip Angle,Magnetic Declination, Magnetic Field Strength.
Types of Toolface?
Magnetic Toolface(MTF) given by magnetometers and
Gravity Toolface (GTF)given by accelerometers.
Magnetic tool face is more accurate at the low angles as compared
to gravity toolface.
The magnetic readings get affected due to increased drillstring
interference from the horizontal component as the angle increases.
As per the company policies of directional drilling service
providers, MTF values are obtained up to 5or 8 or less. Above this angle there's change over to the GTF values.
Mag interference increases with increasing inclinat
Example A: Hole Angle = 0 Total magnetic field intensity from drill sting component is 1000 gamma. Horizontal component of the tools axis relative to vertical is 90 Total magnetic field at 5 feet equals: 1000/ 5 =40 40*Cosine 90 = 40*0 =0 The horizontal component has no effect on the magnetic reading
Mag interference increases with increasing inclinat
Example A: Hole Angle = 0 Total magnetic field intensity from drill sting component is 1000 gamma. Horizontal component of the tools axis relative to vertical is 90 Total magnetic field at 5 feet equals: 1000 / 3.5 = 87 40*Cosine 45 = 57 The horizontal component contributes 57 gamma to the magnetic reading
Gravity Toolface(GTF)
Gravity toolface is the angle b/w the
wellbore high side and the high side of tool.
The toolface will be referenced to
the highside of the survey instrument, no matter what the hole direction of the survey instrument is at the time.
The toolface will be presented in a
number of degrees either right or left of the highside.
Magnetic Toolface(MTF)
Magnetic toolface is the angle b/w
the reference north and the high side of the tool.
The toolface will be presented in
azimuth or quadrant form, referenced to magnetic north. The magnetic toolface reading is whatever magnetic direction the toolface is pointed.
