Shalin Hai-Jew

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 1

Discovery Learning Spaces:
Online spaces that support autonomous and learner-
directed learning
Developed with orientation, decision supports,
community supports and the archival of new learning
Promotion of learner self-efficacy and decision-
making
Alignment with relevant autonomous learning theory

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 2

Uses of Discovery Learning
Polishing employable skills
Training end-users of products and equipment
Adding value to live, synchronous events
Supporting lifelong learning
Self-improvement (informally and formally)
Heading off skills decay

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 3

Discovery Learners
Independent
High levels of image and screen literacy
Purposive
Self-driven, self-initiative
Self-directed
Active learners
Creative and innovative
Able to learn in ad hoc situations

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 4

The Phases of
Self-Regulated Learning
“Phase 1 involves planning and goal setting as well as
activation of perceptions and knowledge of the task
and context and the self in relation to the task. Phase
2 concerns various monitoring processes that
represent metacognitive awareness of different
aspects of the self and task or context. Phase 3
involves efforts to control and regulate different
aspects of the self or task and context. Finally, Phase
4 represents various kinds of reactions and reflections
on the self and the task or context” (Pintrich, 2004, p. 389).

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 5

Four Component Skills of the
Independent Learning Model
“(1) self selection,
(2) self-determination,
(3) self-modification, and
(4) self-checking” (Chen, Kao, Yu & Sheu, 2004, n.p.)

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 6

Examples of Virtual Environments
Virtual learning environments
Networks – or communities – of practice spaces
3D immersive and persistent metaworlds
Learning / course management systems
Interactive websites
Data repositories or digital libraries
Online work suites

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 7

A Fusion of Technologies
L/CMSes (Learning / Course Management Systems)
Web building tools
Authoring tools (animated tutorials, screen captures,
audio, video, e-books, interactive objects, games,
images)
AI: Intelligent tutoring agents, avatars
Databases and repositories
The Internet and WWW connectivity

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 8

Theoretical Underpinnings
Adult learning theories (Knowles)
Multiple intelligences (Gardner)
Experiential learning (Kolb)
Cognitive load (Sweller)
Cognitive theory of multimedia learning (Mayer & Moreno)
Constructivism (Piaget)
Communities of practice (Lave & Wenger)
Zones of proximal development (Vygotsky)
Social cognitive theory (Bandura)
Computer-supported collaborative learning (various)

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 9

A Normative Model for Virtual
Discovery Learning Spaces

Scaffolding Discovery Learning Spaces 10

A Normative Model for Virtual
Discovery Learning Spaces (cont.)
Entry: orientation, learner differentiation and
channeling, informational decision supports, site
reputation as an end destination
Virtual Discovery Learning Experience: information
quality and timeliness, scaffolding for novices and
experts, opportunities for practice, options for localized
applied learning, design for innovation, learning
feedback loop, opt-in instructional supports, curricular
builds for learner mental models, incentives for “learner
focus, persistence and self-discipline”

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 11

A Normative Model for Virtual
Discovery Learning Spaces (cont.)
Community in Discovery Learning: humanizing of the
space, collaboration affordances, attraction and retention
of quality participants, encouragement of learner self-
enthusiasm, and encouragement of learner self-efficacy
Exit: enhancement of discovery learning strategies,
encouragement of future learning, building of learner
decision-making, building of learning conceptualization
models; documentation of the learning for professional
and personal uses; outlinks and partnerships; archival and
sharing of participant discoveries, portability of contents
between technological systems
Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 12
Main Opt-
In
Functions
View of
Discovery
Learning
Spaces
13
Main Opt-in Functions…
Discovery learning space development and growth
Self learner decision making
Learning and skills acquisition
Record-keeping / institutional memory
Learning community / network of learners /
community of practice / knowledge creation
community
Knowledge building

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 14

Orientation
Direct teaching of self-regulated learning strategies
Orientation and acclimation to the online discovery
learning space
Versioning a site to meet individual learner
preferences and needs

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 15

Guided Discovery Learning Tools
Weak guidance to build internal conceptual frameworks
Linking learning goals for individual learner self-goals
Learner monitoring
Guided, explanatory feedback to promote cognitive
development
Support for learner structuring of the learning space
The encouragement of strategic help-seeking behaviors
The maintenance of learner engagement
Additional learning trajectory beyond the discovery
learning site

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 16

Contextualizing and Sequencing
Contextualizing: A meta-perspective, a culture, an
employment framework, a social milieu, a knowledge
domain
Sequencing Options: developmental, time
sequencing, problem-solving, social coordination
sequencing, and mixed methods sequencing

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 17

Context
and
Sequence

18
Communications, Collaborations
and Communities
Authenticated telepresences
Meeting spaces for those with shared interests,
backgrounds or levels of expertise
Creation of partnerships for shared learning and
problem-solving (short-term and long-term)
The organization of individuals into strategic virtual
teams
The support of frequent communications, including
informal backchannel ones

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 19

Knowledge Management Systems
For the application, generation, distribution and
storage of knowledge (via digital artifacts labeled with
metadata)
Organization of knowledge via ontologies,
taxonomies and collections
Support to participants to “amplify, transform, and
extend their work to new or additional outcomes”
(Dimitracopoulou, n.d., p. 122)

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 20

A
Continuum
of
Discovery
Learning
Spaces
Online
21
A Continuum of Discovery Learning
Spaces Online
Novice to experts
1. Self-regulated learning and exploration, with minimal
pedagogical design
2. Automated, designed supports, with designed
scaffolding and agent support
3. Human facilitation, with individual and group
facilitation
4. Intercommunications and bonding, with
collaborations, problem-based learning, and co-
research
Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 22
A Continuum of Discovery Learning
Spaces Online (cont.)
Idealized Outcomes: learning value / extant
knowledge, innovations and discoveries, and
dissemination of innovations and discoveries

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 23

Scaffolding:
High End Learning for Experts
Filling in knowledge gaps
Seeking new research threads
Sharing ideas
Engaging in reinforcement learning

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 24

The Social Aspects of Self-Learning
Independent learning ≠ learning alone
The reconciling of multiple perspectives through
dialogue (Bakhtin)
Networks and communities of practice (NoP, CoP)

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 25

Adding New Knowledge
to the Domain
Updates to the knowledge bases
Group-decided standards of relevance of new
discoveries

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 26

The Future
Mobile learning spaces
Persistence of online learner identity through
multiple discovery learning spaces
Interoperability between discovery learning systems
New pedagogical strategies and approaches

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 27

References
 Chen, Y-S., Kao, T-C., Yu, G-J, & Sheu, J-P. (2004). A mobile butterfly-
watching learning system for supporting independent learning.
Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and
Mobile Technologies in Education(WMTE’04). n.p.
 Dimitracopoulou, A. (n.d.) Designing collaborative learning systems:
Current trends & future research agenda. 115 – 124.
 Merriam, S.B., & Caffarella, R.S. (1999). Learning in Adulthood: A
Comprehensive Guide. 2nd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publishers.
36, 289, 293 and 296.
 Pintrich, P.R. (2004). A conceptual framework for assessing
motivation and self-regulated learning in college students.
Educational Psychology Review: 16 (4). 385 – 407.

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 28

Designed Discovery Learning Spaces

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 29

Virtual Learning Environments

30
Networks /Communities of Practice

31
3D Immersive, Persistent
Metaworlds

32
Interactive Websites

33
Data Repositories / Digital Libraries

34
Conclusion and Contact
Dr. Shalin Hai-Jew
Kansas State University
shalin@[Link]
(785) 532-5262 (work phone)
(785) 532-3199 (fax number)
Instructional Design Open Studio (IDOS) Blog

Designing Discovery Learning Spaces Online 35