This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.
This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.
This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.
This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.
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AVR Microcontroller
Prepared by: Eng. Ashraf Darwish
Ashraf.emad.darwish@gmail.com
Session 7
Analog To Digital Converter (ADC)
Temperature sensor (LM 35)
Introduction Electrical quantities can be classified into : Analoge
Digital
Range of voltage
Only two values
There are infinite values of the
volte in the range
Logic zero 0V Logic one 5V Any value between logic one and logic zero is undefined.
ADC ADC : It
is a technique to convert analog signals to
its corresponding digital signal .
The
digital output can be saved , compared
to other digital values , pass by some processing easily.
ADC
We have some concepts we have to know :
Resolution Reference voltage Error
ADC Electrical Resolution :
electrical resolution (voltage per step)
EF full scale voltage range
SR EFSR = VRefHi
VRefLow M
ADC resolution in bits
ADC Example:
If the analog input range is from 0V to 5V
the number of digital output bits (M) is 10 Then : Electrical
resolution Q= 5/(2^10) Q= 5/1024 = 4.88 mv
Which
means that the IC wont sense any change
less than 4.88mv
ADC
Error : There is no ACD without error. Simply because the analog value is approximated to the nearest digital value Theoretically Practically
Each analog input has corresponding
digital output
Every input sub-range has
corresponding digital output
ADC ATmega 16 has 8 ADC channels
ADC 1- ADC Multiplexer Selection Register
(ADMUX)
2- ADC Control and Status Register A
(ADCSRA)
3- The ADC Data Register
ADCH) 4- Special Function IO Register
(ADCL and (SFIOR)
ADC 1- ADC Multiplexer Selection Register
Reference voltage selection
(ADMUX)
Input channel and gain
selection: Select the ADC input pin(s) and the gain
Left Adjust Result:
To make the output left adjusted in the registers
ADC
Bit 7:6 REFS1:0: Reference
Selection Bits These bits select the reference voltage for ADC
ADC
Bit 5 ADLAR: ADC Left Adjust Result
Write one to ADLAR to adjust the output to left. Otherwise, the result is adjusted to right. The
output of ADC is 10-bits so it is saved in two registers
(ADCL,ADCH). It can be left adjusted or right adjusted as follow:
Right adjustment
Left
adjustment
ADC
Bits 4:0 MUX4:0: Analog Channel and Gain
Selection Bits Single Ended Mode
ADC
diferential Ended Mode
Bits 4:0 MUX4:0: Analog Channel and Gain
Selection Bits
ADC 2- ADC Control and Status Register A
Bit 7 ADEN: ADC Enable
Bit 6 ADSC: ADC Start Conversion
(ADCSRA)
In Single Conversion mode, write this bit to one to start each
conversion.
In
Free Running mode, write this bit to one to start the first conversion.
ADC 2- ADC Control and Status Register A
Bit 5 ADATE: ADC Auto Trigger Enable
When
this bit is written to one, Auto Triggering of the ADC is enabled.
The ADC will start a conversion on a positive edge of the selected trigger signal. The trigger source is selected by setting the ADC Trigger Select bits, ADTS in SFIOR.
Bit 4 ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag
This
(ADCSRA)
bit is set when an ADC conversion completes
Bit 3 ADIE: ADC Interrupt Enable
ADC
Bits 2:0 ADPS2:0: ADC Prescaler Select Bits
These bits determine the division factor of the XTAL frequency to
generate input clock to the ADC(ADC frequency).
ADC 3- The ADC Data Register ADCL and ADCH When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers When ADLAR=0
When ADLAR=1
ADC 4- Special Function IO Register (SFIOR)
Bit
7,6,5:
The value of these bits selects which source will trigger an ADC conversion
ADC Modes of Operation : 1- single conversion mode: Only one conversion and repeated by request (ADSC=1) 2- Auto triggering mode: A conversion can be triggered automatically by various sources. The trigger source is selected by setting the ADC Trigger Select bits, ADTS in SFIOR 3- Free running mode: Starting new conversion as soon as the ongoing conversion has finished. The first conversion must be started by writing one to ADSC bit in ADCSRA register
ADC Example - I want to run ADC0 (pin 40). - Single conversion mode. - left adjusted and only the 8 MSB will be used. - No ADC interrupts. - Speed=500 000 bps.
ADC Example - I want to run ADC0 (pin 40). - Single conversion mode. - left adjusted and only the 8 MSB will be used. - No ADC interrupts. - Speed=500 000 bps.
