IMAGE PROCCESSING
Presented & performed by
SRAVYA.P
NANDINI.K
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SYNOPSIS
• INTRODUCTION
• ACQUIRING IMAGES
– HUMAN RELIANCE ON IMAGES FOR
INFORMATION
– ELECTRONICS AND BANDWIDTH
LIMITATIONS
– HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGING
– COLOR IMAGING
– COLOR SPACES
– COLOR DISPLAYS
– IMAGE TYPES
• ITS TIME FOR DEMO
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Image processing involves processing or
altering an existing image in a desired
manner.
The next step is obtaining an image in a
readable format.
The Internet and other sources provide
countless images in standard formats.
CONTD…
Image processing are of two aspects..
improving the visual appearance of
images to a human viewer
preparing images for measurement of the
features and structures present.
WHY DO WE NEED IMAGE PROCESSING?…
Since the digital image is “invisible” it must be
prepared for viewing on one or more output device
(laser printer, monitor, etc)
The digital image can be optimized for the application
by enhancing or altering the appearance of structures
within it (based on: body part, diagnostic task, viewing
preferences, etc)
It might be possible to analyze the image in the
computer and provide cues to the radiologists to help
detect important/suspicious structures
e.g.: Computed Aided Diagnosis, CAD
ACQUIRING IMAGE…
Scientific instruments commonly produce
images to communicate results to the operator,
rather than generating an audible tone or
emitting a smell.
Space missions to other planets and Comet
Halley always include cameras as major
components, and we judge the success of those
missions by the quality of the images returned.
TYPES OF IMAGE PROCESSING
Image-to-image transformations
Image-to-information transformations
Information-to-image transformations
IMAGE-TO-IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS
Enhancement (make image more useful, pleasing)
Restoration
Egg. deblurring ,grid line removal
Geometry
(scaling, sizing , Zooming, Morphing one object
to another).
IMAGE-TO-INFORMATION TRANSFORMATIONS
Image statistics (histograms)
Histogram is the fundamental tool for
analysis and image processing
Image compression
Image analysis (image segmentation, feature
extraction, pattern recognition)
computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD)
INFORMATION-TO-IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS
Decompression of compressed image data.
Reconstruction of image slices from CT or MRI raw data.
Computer graphics, animations and virtual reality (synthetic
objects).
HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGING
The process of obtaining an high resolution
(HR) image or a sequence of HR images
from a set of low resolution (LR)
observations.
HR techniques are being applied to a variety
of fields, such as obtaining
improved still images
high definition television,
high performance color liquid crystal display
(LCD) screens,
video surveillance,
remote sensing, and
medical imaging.
COLOR SPACES
Conversion from RGB (the brightness of the individual
red, green, and blue signals at defined wavelengths)
to YIQ/YUV and to the other color encoding schemes
is straightforward and loses no information.
Y, the “luminance” signal, is just the brightness of a
panchromatic monochrome image that would be
displayed by a black-and-white television receiver
COLOR DISPLAYS
Most computers use color monitors that have
much higher resolution than a television set but
operate on essentially the same principle.
Smaller phosphor dots, a higher frequency scan,
and a single progressive scan (rather than
interlace) produce much greater sharpness and
color purity.
IMAGE SENSORS
Digital processing requires images to be obtained
in the form of electrical signals. These signals can
be digitized into sequences of numbers which then
can be processed by a computer. There are many
ways to convert images into digital numbers. Here,
we will focus on video technology, as it is the most
common and affordable approach.
MULTIPLE IMAGES
Multiple images may constitute a series of
views of the same area, using different
wavelengths of light or other signals.
Examples include the images produced by
satellites, such as
– the various visible and infrared wavelengths
recorded by the Landsat Thematic
Mapper(TM), and
– images from the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) in which as many as a
dozen different elements may be represented
by their X-ray intensities.
These images may each require processing.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
A general-purpose computer to be useful for
image processing, four key demands must be
met: high-resolution image display, sufficient
memory transfer bandwidth, sufficient storage
space, and sufficient
computing power.
A 32-bit computer can address
up to 4GB of memory(RAM).
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Adobe Photoshop
Corel Draw
Serif Photoplus
CONCLUSION
In electrical engineering and computer science, image
processing is any form of signal processing for which the
input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video;
the output of image processing can be either an image or a
set of characteristics or parameters related to the image.
Most image-processing techniques involve treating the
image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard
signal-processing techniques to it.
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much…..
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
John C. Ross. Image Processing Hand book, CRC Press. 1994.
[2] Peter Mc Curry, Fearghal Morgan, Liam Kilmartin. Xilinx
FPGA
implementation of a pixel processor for object detection
applications. In the
Proc. Irish Signals and Systems Conference, Volume 3,
Page(s):346 – 349,
Oct. 2001.
[3] M. Moore. A DSP-based real time image processing system. In
the
Proceedings of the 6th International conference on signal
processing
applications and technology, Boston MA, August 1995.
