This document contains teacher notes for a PowerPoint presentation on DNA and RNA structure. The PPT introduces scientists important to discovering DNA, DNA structure, and RNA structure. It includes a DNA structure handout. The section on DNA scientists can be reviewed using the provided book and PPT.
This document contains teacher notes for a PowerPoint presentation on DNA and RNA structure. The PPT introduces scientists important to discovering DNA, DNA structure, and RNA structure. It includes a DNA structure handout. The section on DNA scientists can be reviewed using the provided book and PPT.
This document contains teacher notes for a PowerPoint presentation on DNA and RNA structure. The PPT introduces scientists important to discovering DNA, DNA structure, and RNA structure. It includes a DNA structure handout. The section on DNA scientists can be reviewed using the provided book and PPT.
This document contains teacher notes for a PowerPoint presentation on DNA and RNA structure. The PPT introduces scientists important to discovering DNA, DNA structure, and RNA structure. It includes a DNA structure handout. The section on DNA scientists can be reviewed using the provided book and PPT.
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Teacher Notes
This PPT was revised October 25, 2005.
This PPT introduces scientist/history of DNA, DNA structure and RNA structure. There is a DNA Structure handout for this PPT. The DNA Scientists portion can be done using the book and review with this PPT.
The Structure of DNA
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And Auld Lang Syne!
And Auld Lang Syne!
Name the organelle give its Ribosome: Endoplasmic Nucleus: Golgi Aparatus: control site Reticulum: where modifies, body proteins ofand aids the sorts, cell; inare processing and contains made packages the carbohydrates, genetic materials material from the lipids (DNA) ERand for storage proteinsinfor the export cell or function. from the cell secretion outside the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi Body
Animal
Ribosome
Plant
And Auld Lang Syne!
What is located in the nucleus?
What type of organic compound is DNA?
What is the monomer of DNA?
And Auld Lang Syne!
What does the DNA of all these organisms have in common?
They all share a universal
genetic code.
And Auld Lang Syne!
What is the name of these monomers? H
H N
amine group
O C OH
carboxyl group
variable R group H
amine group
H N
C R
O C
carboxyl group OH
To what organic compound group do
they belong?
And Auld Lang Syne!
What does the chain of amino acids represent? Threonine Asparagine
Arginine Glycine
Proline
Proline
Glycine
Polypeptide Chain A Protein
Alanine
History of Heredity
Why am I so gorgeous?
Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel determined that traits were passed from generation to generation.
But, I havent figured out how this happens
Frederick Griffith Griffith was working on a vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae He worked with 2 strains of the bacteria: Smooth capsule that causes disease
Rough capsule that does not cause
disease
Frederick Griffith He added these bacteria strains, some dead and some living, to lab rats. These are his results:
Frederick Griffith Live Smooth Bacteria
Live Rough Bacteria
Dead Smooth Bacteria
Live R+ dead S Bacteria
Griffith Proved: That somehow the dead bacteria have passed their disease-causing substance to the harmless, living bacteria. Griffith discovered a factor that could transform harmless bacteria into disease-causing bacteria
What was this substance called?
DNA
Oswald Avery Averys team determined that genes are composed of DNA
Erwin Chargaff Chargoff discovered that DNA has the same amount of adenosine as thymine and the same amount of cytosine as guanine. A = T and G = C
AA A A A AA
T TTT TT T C CC
G G G
Rosalind Franklin &
Maurice Wilkins
Franklin and Wilkins used x-ray to discover that DNA was a double helix.
Watson and Crick
Watson & Crick won a Nobel Prize for discovering the structural model of DNA. They credited Wilkins and Franklin. Wilkins also got a Nobel Prize but Franklin did not. Rosalind had passed away and the Nobels are not awarded posthumously.
DNA is a Nucleic Acid
What is a nucleic acid? Nucleic acids are one of the major organic compounds.
Auld Lang Syne!
Nucleic acids contain C, H, N, O, P Are made up of nucleotide monomers
Store genetic information Help make proteins Examples: DNA & RNA
sugar
nitrogen base
phosphate
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNA Structure For what does DNA stand? What is the monomer for nucleic acids? What is the structure of this monomer? nucleotide
phosphate sugar nitrogen base
PO4 (the 5 end)
5
The numbers N base are the 4 Sugar 1 positions of the carbons 3 2 DeoxyriboNucleic Acid on the sugar. (the 3 end)
A NUCLEOTIDE
1. Phosphate Group
3. 5-Carbon 2. Nitrogen Base Sugar 2. 5-Carbon Sugar 1. Phosphate Group (Dexoyribose or Ribose) (Dexoyribose or Ribose) 3. 1. 3. Nitrogen Base 2. O
P O
3.
1. 2.
C H2
C H3 C
CH
HC
C H CH HO H O
Nucleotides, too
O C
CH
N N
C O
Nucleotides There are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides.
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
N base
Pyrimidines
Thymine T
Cytosine C
Chargaffs Base Pair Rules
Adenine always bonds with thymine. Adenine (A) to Thymine (T)
The lines between the bases represent hydrogen bonds
Guanine always bonds with Cytosine.
Guanine (G) to Cytosine (C)
Pairing DNA Nucleotides
What would is the a nucleotide? base be the pairing complementary rule? nucleotide pairing? Nucleotide
N-b
C G
Rule
A to T
C to G
T G
DNA DOUBLE HELIX
5End
3End
ladder shaped molecule
3End
5End
Purpose of DNA Why do we have DNA? DNA contains our genetic codes For what does it code? for proteins
What actually makes you
look the way you do DNA or Proteins?
What is RNA? RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid DNA must have a helper molecule. RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
RNA Nucleotides A - Sugar (ribose) B - Phosphate C - Nitrogen base
sugar
nitrogen base
phosphate
B Name the parts of the nucleotide.
RNA Identify the parts of the RNA strand. Nitrogen Base
Sugar (ribose)
Phosphate Group
Rules for Base Pairing
Cytosine pairs with Guanine
C = G Adenine pairs with Uracil
A = U Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)
Rules for Base Pairing
3 DNA strand
C=G
A=U
RNA strand
5 DNA strand
What is the function of RNA?
Carries DNAs message code Helps make protein Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA Sugar is deoxyribose
Sugar is ribose
Adenine base is present
Cytosine base is present
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA Guanine base is present
Thymine base is present
Uracil base is present
Shape is double helix
RNA
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA Shape is single stranded Located in nucleus
(Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology) Robert A. Meyers (Editor) - Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology - Polymers-Academic Press (2001)
(Basic Life Sciences 35) E. L. Schneider (Auth.), Avril D. Woodhead, Anthony D. Blackett, Alexander Hollaender (Eds.) - Molecular Biology of Aging-Springer US (1985)
Brian K Hall - Sally A Moody (Eds.) - Cells in Evolutionary Biology - Translating Genotypes Into Phenotypes - Past, Present, Future-CRC Press - Productivity Press (2017)
(Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology) Robert A. Meyers (Editor) - Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology - Polymers-Academic Press (2001)
(Basic Life Sciences 35) E. L. Schneider (Auth.), Avril D. Woodhead, Anthony D. Blackett, Alexander Hollaender (Eds.) - Molecular Biology of Aging-Springer US (1985)
Brian K Hall - Sally A Moody (Eds.) - Cells in Evolutionary Biology - Translating Genotypes Into Phenotypes - Past, Present, Future-CRC Press - Productivity Press (2017)
