Quantity surveying involves measuring quantities of materials and labor needed for construction projects. It includes tasks like preparing specifications, taking measurements from drawings or buildings, estimating costs, and valuation of property. There are four main steps to preparing a bill of quantities: taking off dimensions, squaring the quantities, abstracting the totals, and writing the final bill. Measurements are recorded on take-off sheets with dimensions, quantities, and descriptions. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of specifications, regulations and audit requirements are important for accurate quantity surveying.
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Quantity surveying involves measuring quantities of materials and labor needed for construction projects. It includes tasks like preparing specifications, taking measurements from drawings or buildings, estimating costs, and valuation of property. There are four main steps to preparing a bill of quantities: taking off dimensions, squaring the quantities, abstracting the totals, and writing the final bill. Measurements are recorded on take-off sheets with dimensions, quantities, and descriptions. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of specifications, regulations and audit requirements are important for accurate quantity surveying.
Quantity surveying involves measuring quantities of materials and labor needed for construction projects. It includes tasks like preparing specifications, taking measurements from drawings or buildings, estimating costs, and valuation of property. There are four main steps to preparing a bill of quantities: taking off dimensions, squaring the quantities, abstracting the totals, and writing the final bill. Measurements are recorded on take-off sheets with dimensions, quantities, and descriptions. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of specifications, regulations and audit requirements are important for accurate quantity surveying.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Quantity surveying involves measuring quantities of materials and labor needed for construction projects. It includes tasks like preparing specifications, taking measurements from drawings or buildings, estimating costs, and valuation of property. There are four main steps to preparing a bill of quantities: taking off dimensions, squaring the quantities, abstracting the totals, and writing the final bill. Measurements are recorded on take-off sheets with dimensions, quantities, and descriptions. Proper measurement techniques and understanding of specifications, regulations and audit requirements are important for accurate quantity surveying.
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QUANTITY SURVEYING
QUANTITY SURVEYING Materials Take Off Preparation and Measuring of Quantities: Length, Area,Volumes and Pcs. Quantity take off: Building and Road Projects
4.1. Introduction Quantity surveying is a term or processes used in the construction industry to take measurements of civil works, prepare specifications, and estimate the cost of works either for each trade of work or for the whole project. The following tasks are covered in quantity surveying: 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
Preparation of Specification Taking measurements of civil works (Taking off quantities and preparing BOQ) Preparation of approximate (preliminary) cost estimate at the very early stage of the project Preparation of detail cost estimate at different stages Valuation of property
4.2 measurements of works
Measurement of civil works includes the billing of each trade of work either from drawings or the building itself for defining the extent of works under each trade. Specification Worksheet (BOQ form) It is the format which is used in a bill of quantity to list (include) a short description of the specification along with its measuring unit, quantity and unit prices to determine the total cost for each trade of item.
4.2 measurements of works
There are four clearly defined steps in preparation of Bill of Quantities: 1. Taking off 2. Squaring 3. Abstracting 4. Writing the final Bill of Quantity
4.2 measurements of works
Taking off This is the process of preparing /defining a detailed list of all labour and materials necessary for the work and entering the items on properly dimensioned paper. The standard form used for entering the dimensions taken or scaled from drawings to determine the accurate quantity in each trade of work, except reinforcement steel, is called Take Off Sheet or Dimension Paper. The dimension paper used for taking off is usually double ruled as shown (A4 size).
4.2 measurements of works
Column 1 is used for stating the number of times an item occurs and is called the timising column. Column 2 is called dimension column as it is used to enter the dimensions of the items of works. The dimensions are entered in the order indicated below: Length, Width, Height or thickness. Column 3 is called squaring column. The stated dimensions in column 2 are multiplied to determine the quantity of the work either in ml, m2, m3 or in Pcs. or No. Column 4 is called description column and description of the work item is briefly stated.
4.2 measurements of works
4.2 measurements of works
4.2 measurements of works
Squaring: The dimensions entered in Column 2 are squared or cubed as the case may be, multiplied by the timising factor, and the result entered in Column 3. This task is called squaring. All squared dimensions should be carefully checked by another person before abstracting, and if correct the item should be ticked with red. Use two decimal places.
Abstracting: The squared dimensions are transferred to abstract sheets and all similar dimensions are collected in the same category to obtain the total quantity of each item.
Writing the Final Bill
After the abstract sheets have been completed and checked, the final bill of quantity is written. The dimensions are copied from the abstracts, and as each item is transferred it should be ticked by a vertical line from the abstract sheets. The description of each item in the final BoQ should be short, precise and descriptive as per the specification.
4.3 Basic Principles in Taking Off
Drawings shall be fully understood and clearly detailed. ii. Works, which cannot be measured accurately, shall be expressed as provisional quantity (PQ) and will result in provisional sum (PS) and lump sum (LS) iii. There shall be the understanding that measurements are taken to the nearest cm. iv. Built items shall generally include all possible entrants like labor, materials (including storing, loading, unloading and handling), fixing, use of plant and equipment, wastage of materials, equipment; which will result in a better process for establishing prices and profit. v. Prior knowledge of the regulations is necessary vi. Measurements of civil works shall be carried out in such a way that it can be easily checked and audited. i.
4.2 Technical Specification and Method of Measurements for the different trade of Works Example A typical building project will have the following work items.
Method for finding Quantity for building
There are three methods: 1. Out to - Out and In to In Method Long Wall (Out to - Out ) = Inner Length + 2 Times Thickness of the Wall Short Wall (In to In ) = Inner Length - 2 Times Thickness of the Wall
2. Center Line Method All dimensions are taken center to center 3. Crossing Method Long Wall (Out to - Out ) = Inner Length + 2 Times Thickness of the Wall Short Wall (In to In ) = Inner Length
Typical Road project
Typical Road project
EARTHWORK Classification of Excavated Material Excavated material is usually classified as (1) common excavation, (2) loose rock, or (3) solid rock. Shrinkage and Swell Factors Cross-Sections And Templates
Typical Road project
Typical Road project
Area of cross- section
Typical Road project
Volume of Earth Work The volume of earthwork may be found by means of either the average end area or the prismoidal formula Volume = V = (A1 + A2)L (average end area ) V = L/6 (A1 + 4Am + A2) (prismoidal formula)
