ICT Notes for EMRS PGT Exam
1. Introduction to ICT
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to technologies used to access, store,
transmit, and manipulate information. It includes hardware, software, networks, and digital
resources.
Components of ICT:
1 Hardware – computers, smartphones, projectors, printers
2 Software – operating systems, applications, browsers
3 Networking – internet, LAN, WAN, Wi-Fi
4 Peopleware – users, teachers, students
Uses of ICT in Education include smart classrooms, online learning (SWAYAM, DIKSHA), digital
assessments, and virtual labs.
2. ICT in Education & Pedagogy
ICT supports teaching, learning, administration, and evaluation. It enables interactive, personalized,
and flexible education.
Pedagogical Integration Models:
1 TPACK – Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge
2 SAMR – Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition
Advantages include better engagement, global access, and improved self-paced learning.
Challenges involve infrastructure gaps and digital divide.
3. Computer Fundamentals
Computers process data using input, processing, output, and storage components.
1 Input Devices – Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
2 Output Devices – Monitor, Printer, Speaker
3 Storage Devices – Hard Disk, Pen Drive, CD/DVD
4 Software – System (OS, utilities) and Application software (Word, Excel)
4. Internet & Networking
Internet is a global network that connects millions of devices. It allows data exchange through
various protocols.
1 Common browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Edge
2 Search Engines: Google, Bing, Yahoo
3 Networking Devices: Router, Modem, Switch
5. ICT Pedagogy & Digital Learning
1 Blended Learning – Combination of online and face-to-face modes
2 Flipped Classroom – Students learn theory at home, practice in class
3 Collaborative Learning – Online group tools like Google Docs, Padlet
6. Cyber Safety and Digital Etiquette
Cyber ethics refers to responsible behavior online. Cyber security protects data and privacy.
1 Use strong passwords
2 Avoid sharing OTPs or personal details
3 Do not click on unknown links or attachments
7. ICT Initiatives in Indian Education
1 SWAYAM – Online learning platform by MoE
2 DIKSHA – Digital Infrastructure for School Education
3 NPTEL – Technical e-learning platform
4 NROER – National Repository of Open Educational Resources
5 ePathshala – NCERT’s digital textbooks
8. Important Abbreviations
1 ICT – Information and Communication Technology
2 IT – Information Technology
3 LAN – Local Area Network
4 WAN – Wide Area Network
5 Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity
6 TPACK – Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
7 SAMR – Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition
8 MOOCs – Massive Open Online Courses
9 URL – Uniform Resource Locator
10 VPN – Virtual Private Network
9. Quick Revision Sheet
ICT = Tech + Communication + Education. Use ICT for teaching (TPACK, SAMR), learning
(MOOCs, DIKSHA), and administration (MIS, records).
10. Sample MCQs with Answers
1 1. ICT stands for – (A) Information and Communication Technology ■
2 2. TPACK combines – (A) Technology, Pedagogy, and Content ■
3 3. DIKSHA is developed by – (A) Ministry of Education ■
4 4. Router connects – (A) Networks ■
5 5. URL stands for – (A) Uniform Resource Locator ■
6 6. Flipped Classroom means – (A) Learn at home, practice in class ■
7 7. SWAYAM offers – (A) Online Courses ■
