**Definition:**
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). It is the physical substance that makes up
the universe.
**States of Matter:**
1. **Solid:**
- Definite shape and volume
- Particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions
- Example: rock, ice, wood
2. **Liquid:**
- Definite volume but takes the shape of its container
- Particles are close but can move freely
- Example: water, oil
3. **Gas:**
- Neither definite shape nor volume
- Particles are far apart and move freely
- Example: air, helium
4. **Plasma:**
- Ionized state of matter, conducts electricity
- Found in stars, neon signs, and lightning
**Properties of Matter:**
- **Physical Properties:** color, shape, size, melting point, boiling point, density
- **Chemical Properties:** reactivity, flammability, acidity
**Changes in Matter:**
- **Physical Changes:** changes in physical properties without changing composition (e.g., melting,
freezing, boiling)
- **Chemical Changes:** formation of new substances with different properties (e.g., rusting, burning)
**Atoms and Molecules:**
- Matter is made up of tiny building blocks called atoms.
- Atoms combine to form molecules.
**Importance of Matter:**
- Understanding matter helps in studying the physical universe.
- It is essential in chemistry, physics, and everyday life.
