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Matter

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space, existing in various states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It is characterized by having mass, occupying volume, and being composed of particles. Changes in the state of matter occur with the addition or removal of heat, impacting various processes like melting, freezing, and evaporation.

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35 views3 pages

Matter

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space, existing in various states such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It is characterized by having mass, occupying volume, and being composed of particles. Changes in the state of matter occur with the addition or removal of heat, impacting various processes like melting, freezing, and evaporation.

Uploaded by

abidnaimi237
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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🧪 What is Matter?

📘 Definition:

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).

This means:

 If you can weigh it (it has mass),


 And if it takes up space,
 Then it is matter!

🔍 Examples of Matter:
Matter Type Examples
Solid Rock, book, ice, pen
Liquid Water, milk, oil
Gas Air, oxygen, carbon dioxide
Plasma (in stars) Lightning, sun, neon signs

🔬 Characteristics of Matter:
1. It has mass
o Mass is the amount of material in an object.
o Example: A stone has more mass than a cotton ball.
2. It occupies space (volume)
o It fills up some space.
o Example: Water fills a glass.
3. It is made of particles
o Tiny particles like atoms and molecules make up all matter.

⚛️States of Matter
Matter exists in different forms called states or phases.

1. Solid

 Fixed shape and volume


 Particles are closely packed
 Cannot be compressed
 Example: wood, metal, glass

2. Liquid

 Fixed volume but no fixed shape


 Takes the shape of its container
 Particles are less tightly packed
 Example: water, juice

3. Gas

 No fixed shape or volume


 Can be compressed
 Particles are far apart and move freely
 Example: air, helium

4. Plasma (advanced level)

 Ionized gas (charged particles)


 Found in stars and lightning
 Very high energy state

🔄 Changes in the State of Matter


Matter can change from one state to another when heat is added or removed:

Process From → To Example


Melting Solid → Liquid Ice → Water
Freezing Liquid → Solid Water → Ice
Boiling/Evaporation Liquid → Gas Water → Steam
Condensation Gas → Liquid Steam → Water (on mirror)
Sublimation Solid → Gas Dry Ice (CO₂)

📚 Importance of Matter in Science


 Everything around you — including you yourself — is made of matter!
 All chemicals, elements, foods, machines, and even air are forms of matter.
 Understanding matter helps us study chemistry, physics, and biology.

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