Practical No.
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Design and Understanding of Orchard Layout (10 Hectares) With Two Crops:
Mango and Guava
Objective
To study the essential features of orchard planning and design a 10-hectare orchard
accommodating all functional components using mango and guava crops.
Features and Planning Steps
1. Selection of Location and Site
Choose a site with good road access, proximity to markets, and away from
industrial pollution.
Ensure availability of labour and transport facilities.
2. Nature of Soil and Subsoil
Select deep, well-drained, fertile loamy soil.
Avoid excessively sandy, saline, or waterlogged areas.
Subsoil should be free from hardpan or stones, able to retain moisture.
3. Irrigation Source
Permanent water source: well, canal, tank, or borehole.
Layout should ensure uniform water distribution to all parts of the orchard.
4. Fencing
Provide wire/net fencing around the boundary for protection against animals
and trespassers.
Main gate at the entry point.
(Draw labelled diagram showing boundary and gate)
5. Windbreaks
Plant tall, sturdy trees (e.g. Eucalyptus, Cassia) around the orchard periphery for
wind protection.
Maintain distance from main crops to avoid competition.
6. Buildings
Include of ice, store room, tool shed, fertilizer storage, and labour quarters.
Locate buildings near the entry for easy access.
(Show symbolic rectangles in your diagram)
7. Roads and Paths
Wide road along one boundary (for transport of produce/equipment).
Internal paths for movement inside the orchard.
Landscape paths for easy supervision.
8. Irrigation and Drainage Channels
Layout main irrigation channel from water source across orchard.
Sub-channels between crop rows.
Provide drainage channels for excess water removal.
Design Activity
Task: Draw an orchard layout of 10 hectares in your notebook with all the above
components, accommodating Mango and Guava blocks.
Divide area equally (or as per chosen ratio) between mango and guava.
Draw labelled blocks/sections for each crop (e.g. Mango block: 5 ha, Guava block:
5 ha).
Show fencing all around, windbreaks, buildings, main road, internal paths,
irrigation channels, and drainage.
Mark the location of water source.
Sample Table
Component Details
Total Area 10 ha
Main Crops Mango, Guava
Location Proximity to road, market, labour
Soil Deep, fertile, well-drained
Irrigation Source Well/canal/tank
Fencing Wire/net, main gate
Windbreaks Eucalyptus/Cassia row, peripheral
Buildings Of ice, store, shed, near gate
Roads/Paths Main road (wide), inner paths
Irrigation Channels Main and sub, covering all blocks
Drainage Channels Along periphery/low points
Precautions
Site selection must follow local guidelines.
Soil testing should be done before layout.
Fencing and windbreaks should be strong and durable.
Buildings placed to minimize disturbance to crops.
Result
Prepared a complete orchard layout plan (10 ha) in practical notebook with labelled
design and all necessary components for mango and guava.
Instructions to Students:
Use pencil and ruler for neat sketching.
Label all components clearly.
Submit your sketch for assessment.
