4B09 Variations Advanced MCQ Training

4B Chapter 9 Variations

1. C_
x 1 2 4 7
y 13 21 37 61
y5 8 16 32 56
y5
8 8 8 8
x
∴ y  5 = 8x
∴ (y  5) varies directly as x.

2. D_
Let y  k (5  x), where k  0 .
By substituting x = 2 and y = 27 into the equation, we have
27  k (5  2)
k 9
∴ y  9(5  x)
When x = 3,
y  9[5  (3)]
 72

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3. _C_
Let   k  , where k  0 .
  6

  7
k   6

k   7
(k  1)  6

(k  1)  7
7k  7  6k  6 (   0)
k  13
∴   13
2 4
 194
2
(13 ) 2  4
 194
2
4
169   194
2
4
 25
2
4
2 
25
2 2
  or  
5 5
 2 2
  13    or   13  
 5 5
26 26
  or  
5 5

4. B_
∵ (3x2  y)  ( x 2  2 y)
1
∴ 3x2  y  k ( x 2  2 y) , where k is not equal to  , 0 or 3
2
3x  y  kx  2ky
2 2

(2k  1) y  (3  k ) x 2
3 k 2
y x
2k  1
3 k
y  k x 2 , where k   0
2k  1

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k1
∵ z , where k1  0
x
k12
x  2
2

z
k k 2
∴ y  21
z
k
y  22 , where k2  k k12  0
z
1
∴ y
z2

5. _B_
Let y  kx n , where k  0 .
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively, i.e. y0  kx0 n .
When x is increased by 21%, we have
new value of x  (1  21%) x0
 1.21x0
new value of y  k (1.21x0 )n
 1.21n y0
∴ 1.21n y0  (1  33.1%) y0
1.21n  1.331
1.12 n  1.13
2n  3
3
n
2

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6. B_
k
Let y  , where k  0 .
( x  1)3
3
By substituting x  and y  960 into the equation, we have
2
k
960  3
3 
  1
2 
k  120
120
∴ y
( x  1)3
120
4
( x  1)3
( x  1)3  30 for x  1
Note that (4  1)3  27  30 and (5  1)3  64  30 .
∴ The required least integral value of x is 5.

7. _C_
k
Let   , where k  0 .

By substituting   5 and   3 into the equation, we have

k
5
3
k  15
15
∴ 

2   43

2   37
 15 
2   
  
43
 15  37
2   
 
37(30   2 )  43(30   2 )
80 2  180
9
2 
4
3 3
   or  
2 2

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8. B_
k
Let y  , where k  0 .
( x  2)2
By substituting x = r and y = 4r into the equation, we have
k
4r 
(r  2) 2
4r (r  2)2  k
By substituting x = r + 5 and y = r into the equation, we have
k
r
(r  5  2) 2
r (r  7) 2  k
∴ 4r (r  2)2  r (r  7) 2
r[4(r  2) 2  (r  7) 2 ]  0
r (2r  4  r  7)(2r  4  r  7)  0
r (3r  11)(r  3)  0
11
r  0 or r   or r  3
3
Case 1: r  0
When x  r  0 and y  4r  0 ,
k
0
(0  2) 2
k 0
∴ r  0 should be rejected.
11
Case 2: r  
3
11 44
When x  r   and y  4r   ,
3 3
44 k
 
3  11 2
   2
 3 
1100
k 
27
11 4 1100
When x  r  5    5  and k   ,
3 3 27
1100

y 27
2
4 
  2
3 
11

3
r

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Case 3: r  3
When x  r  3 and y  4r  12 ,
k
12 
(3  2) 2
k  300
When x  r  5  3  5  8 and k  300 ,
300
y
(8  2)2
3
r
11
∴ r or 3
3

9. _A_
1 k
∵  , where k  0
x 2
 y 
 
 z
1 k z
∴ 
x2 y
y
 kx z
x
4
x z
3k
1 3k

x z 4
1 9k 2
 , which is a constant
x 2 z 16
∴ The answer is A.

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10. _D_
Let x  k1 y and x3  k2 z , where k1 , k2  0 . Then
2

3 3 3
3 2 2 3
x k y k 2
z  1
 ky , where k 
2
. 1
k2 k2 k2
3
Let y0 and z0 be the original values of y and z respectively, i.e. z0  ky0 2 .
New value of y  (1  36%) y0
 0.64 y0
3
New value of z  k (0.64 y0 ) 2
3 3
 0.64 2 ky0 2
 0.512 z0
∴ Percentage decrease in z
z  0.512 z0
 0 100%
z0
 48.8%

11. _C_
k k
Let x  1 and y  24 , where k1 , k2  0 . Then
y z
k1 k1 k z2 k
x   1  kz 2 , where k  1 .
y k2 k2 k2
4
z
Let x0 and z0 be the original values of x and z respectively, i.e. x0  kz0 2 .
New value of z  (1  40%) z0
 1.4 z0
New value of x  k (1.4 z0 )2
 1.96 x0
∴ Percentage change in x
1.96 x0  x0
 100%
x0
 96%

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12. _D_
k
Let y  n , where k  0 .
x
k
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively, i.e. y0  .
x0 n
When x is decreased by 50%, we have
new value of x  (1  50%) x0
 0.5 x0
new value of y  (1  700%) y0
 8 y0
k
∴ 8 y0 
(0.5 x0 ) n
y0
8 y0 
0.5n
n
 1 
8 
 0.5 
8  2n
n3

13. _B_
k ky
Let z   , where k  0 .
x x
y
For I:
k 2 y2
∵ x 2
z
k2
 2
z 
 2
y 
z2
∴ x varies inversely as .
y2
∴ I is true.
For II:
xz 2
∵ y2  2
k
2
∴ y varies directly as xz 2 .
∴ II is not true.
For III:
y2 1
2
 2 , which is a constant.
xz k
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is B.

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14. _C_
kx 2
Let z  , where k  0 .
y
For I:
z y
∵ x2 
k
2
∴ x varies directly as z y .
∴ I is not true.
For II:
k 2 x4
∵ y
z2
k2
 2
z 
 4
x 
z2
∴ y varies inversely as .
x4
∴ II is true.
For III:
yz 2
4
 k 2 , which is a constant.
x
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is C.

15. B_
For I:
1
From the figure, y 2  .
x
∴ y 2 varies inversely as x.
∴ I is true.
For II:
k
Let y 2  , where k  0 .
x
1
When y 2  100 and  0.4 ,
x
100  0.4k
k  250
∴ x y 2  250
∴ II is not true.
For III:
250
x 2
y
62 500
x
y4

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62 500
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively, i.e. x0  .
y0 4
New value of y  (1  50%) y0
 0.5 y0
62 500
New value of x 
(0.5 y0 ) 4
 62 500 
 16  4 
 y0 
 16 x0
∴ Percentage increase in x
16 x0  x0
 100%
x0
 1500%
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is B.

16. D_
kGMm  M  m 
Let F   k    G , where k  0 .
 r  r 
2
r
M 2 1 m 3 1
∵   and  
r 6 3 r 6 2
k
∴ F G
6
k
By substituting F = 7 and G = 42 into F  G , we have
6
k
7 (42)
6
k 1
∴ G  6F
When F = 24,
G  6(24)
 144

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17. B_
Let z  kxy 2 , where k  0 .
z  kxy 2
z
y2 
kx
z
y
kx
z0
Let x0 , y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively, i.e. y0  .
kx0
z z
New value of  (1  19%) 0
x x0
0.81z0
=
x0
1  0.81z0 
New value of y   
k  x0 
z0
 0.9
kx0
 0.9 y0
∴ Percentage change in y
0.9 y0  y0
 100%
y0
 10%

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18. _B_
k y
Let z  , where k  0 .
x
k y0
Let x0 , y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively, i.e. z0  .
x0
New value of x  (1  20%) x0
 0.8 x0
New value of y  (1  156%) y0
 2.56 y0
k 2.56 y0
New value of z 
0.8 x0
1.6  k y0 
  
0.8  x0 

 2 z0
∴ Percentage increase in z
2z  z
 0 0 100%
z0
 100%

19. _D_
kx 2
Let z  , where k  0 .
y
kx0 2
Let x0 , y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively, i.e. z0  .
y0
New value of x  (1  20%) x0
 1.2 x0
New value of y  (1  36%) y0
 0.64 y0
k (1.2 x0 ) 2
New value of z 
0.64 y0

1.22  kx0 2 
  
0.8  y0 

 1.8 z0
∴ Percentage increase in z
1.8 z0  z0
 100%
z0
 80%

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20. _B_
kx n
Let z  2 , where k  0 .
y
kx0 n
Let x0 , y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively, i.e. z0  .
y0 2
When x is increased by 20%, y is increased by 50% and z is decreased by 36%,
we have
new value of x  (1  20%) x0
 1.2 x0
new value of y  (1  50%) y0
 1.5 y0
new value of z  (1  36%) z0
 0.64 z0
k (1.2 x0 ) n
∴ 0.64 z0 
(1.5 y0 ) 2
1.2n
0.64 z0  2 z0
1.5
1.44  1.2n
1.22  1.2n
n2

21. _B_
kx n
Let z  , where k  0 .
y
kx0 n
Let x0 , y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively, i.e. z0  .
y0
When x is increased by 150%, y is decreased by 36% and z is decreased by 50%,
we have
new value of x  (1  150%) x0
 2.5 x0
new value of y  (1  36%) y0
 0.64 y0
new value of z  (1  50%) z0
 0.5 z0

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k (2.5 x0 ) n
∴ 0.5 z0 
0.64 y0
2.5n
0.5 z0  z0
0.8
2.5n  0.4
2.5n  2.51
n  1

22. _A_
kv 2
∵ a , where k  0
rd
kv  v 
∴ a  
r d 
ar v
 k   , which is a constant
v d 
∴ The answer is A.

23. _D_
kb 2
Let a 3  , where k  0 .
c
For I:
kb 2
c 3
a
k 2b 4
c 6
a
∴ c varies directly as b4 and inversely as a6.
∴ I is true.
For II:
a3 c
b2 
k
∴ b2 varies jointly as a3 and c .
∴ II is true.
For III:
kb 2
a3 
c
 kb 2  1
a 2 
 a  c
b kb2
If is a constant, then 2 is also a constant and a varies inversely as c.
a a
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is D.

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24. _D_
b
Let y  ax  , where a, b  0 .
x2
By substituting x  2 and y  29 into the equation, we have
b
2a  2  29
2
8a  b  116 ......(1)
By substituting x  3 and y  15 into the equation, we have
b
3a  2  15
3
27a  b  135 ......(2)
(2)  (1) : 19a  19
a 1
By substituting a  1 into (1), we have
8(1)  b  116
b  108
If y  9 , then
108
x 2 9
x
x  9 x  108  0
3 2

( x  3)( x 2  12 x  36)  0
( x  3)( x  6) 2  0
x  3 or x  6 (repeated)

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25. _A_
b
Let y  ax  , where a, b  0 .
x
By substituting x  4 and y  17 into the equation, we have
b
4a   17
4
16a  b  68 ......(1)
By substituting x  12 and y  59 into the equation, we have
b
12a   59
12
144a  b  708 ......(2)
(2)  (1) : 128a  640
a5
By substituting a  5 into (1), we have
16(5)  b  68
b  12
If y  11 , then
12
5 x   11
x
5 x  11x  12  0
2

(5 x  4)( x  3)  0
4
x   or x  3
5

26. A_
Let f ( x)  k1  k2 x 2 , where k1 , k2  0 .
∵ f (4)  4
∴ k1  k2 (4) 2  4
k1  16k2  4 ......(1)
∵ f (5)  22
∴ k1  k2 (5) 2  22
k1  25k2  22 ......(2)
(2)  (1) : 9k2  18
k2  2
By substituting k2  2 into (1), we have
k1  16(2)  4
k1  28
∴ f ( x)  28  2 x 2

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f ( x)  10 x  16
28  2 x 2  10 x  16
2 x 2  10 x  12  0
2( x  1)( x  6)  0
x  1 or x  6

27. B_
Let f ( x)  k1 x 2  k2 x , where k1 , k2  0 .
∵ f (4)  12
∴ 16k1  4k2  12
4k1  k2  3 ......(1)
∵ f (9)  117
∴ 81k1  9k2  117
9k1  k2  13 ......(2)
(2)  (1) : 5k1  10
k1  2
By substituting k1  2 into (1), we have
4(2)  k2  3
k2  5
∴ f ( x)  2 x 2  5 x
By substituting y = 7 into y  2 x 2  5x , we have
7  2 x2  5x
2 x2  5x  7  0
( x  1)(2 x  7)  0
7
x  1 or x 
2
7 9
∴ Length of AB   (1) 
2 2
19 63
Area of OAB    (7) 
22 4

28. A_
Suppose f ( x)  kx , where k  0 .
If f (1)  18 , then k  18 .
1
If f (6)  3 , then k  .
2
∴ It is impossible that y is directly proportional to x.
∴ The answer is A.

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29. _D_
k
Let x  y  , where k  0 .
x y
For I and II:
( x  y )( x  y )  k
x2  y 2  k
x2  k  y 2
∴ x 2 is partly constant and partly varies as y 2 .
∴ I is not true and II is true.
For III:
x2  y 2  k
( x 2  y 2 )( x 2  y 2 )  k ( x 2  y 2 )
x4  y 4  k ( x2  y 2 )
∴ ( x4  y 4 )  ( x2  y 2 )
∴ III is true.
∴ The answer is D.

30. D_
pq
Let  k , where k  0 .
pr  qr
pq
k
r ( p  q)
pq
 kr
pq
pq 1

pq kr
 1 1 1
k  
 p q r
1 k k
 
r p q
1 1 1
∴ partly varies as and partly varies as .
r p q

HKDSE Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 18 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Ltd 2024