Web Technology - Exam Focused Notes
(Kannur University – 5th Semester B.Sc. CS)
Unit I: Introduction (12 Hrs)
- Internet: Network of interconnected computers enabling communication and data sharing.
- WWW: Collection of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.
- Evolution: ARPANET → TCP/IP → Web Browsers → Modern Cloud/Web Apps.
- Static Pages: Fixed content, same for all users (HTML only).
- Dynamic Pages: Content changes per user input, server-side scripts (PHP, JS).
- Scripting:
* Client-side: Runs on browser (JavaScript).
* Server-side: Runs on server (PHP, ASP, Python).
- W3C: Organization responsible for web standards.
- Web Hosting: Shared, VPS, Dedicated, Cloud.
- DNS: Domain Name System maps domain names to IP addresses.
- Responsive Design: Designing pages adaptable to all screen sizes.
Unit II: Introduction to HTML (18 Hrs)
- HTML: Markup language for creating webpages.
- Elements: <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>.
- Text Formatting: <h1>–<h6> headings, <p> paragraph, <b> bold, <i> italic.
- Links: <a href="url">Text</a>.
- Images: <img src="file.jpg" alt="desc">.
- Lists: Ordered (<ol>), Unordered (<ul>), Definition (<dl>).
- Tables: <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>.
- Forms: Input types → text, password, email, radio, checkbox, file.
- HTML5 Input Types: date, number, color, range.
- Attributes: autocomplete, placeholder, required.
- Validation: W3C Validator ensures correctness of code.
- Semantic Tags: <header>, <footer>, <nav>, <article>, <section>.
Unit III: JavaScript (22 Hrs)
- JavaScript: Client-side scripting language for dynamic behavior.
- Variables: var (function-scoped), let (block-scoped), const (constant).
- Data Types: Number, String, Boolean, Array, Object, Null, Undefined.
- Operators: Arithmetic (+,-,*,/), Relational (<, >), Logical (&&, ||, !), Assignment (=), Ternary (? :).
- Functions: Built-in (alert(), parseInt()), User-defined (function myFunc() {}).
- Scope: Local (inside function), Global (outside function).
- Arrays: var arr=[1,2,3]; Methods: push(), pop(), length.
- Objects: var obj={name:"Ram", age:20}; Access via obj.name.
- String Methods: length, toUpperCase(), substring().
- Dates: new Date(); Methods: getDay(), getMonth().
- Events: onclick, onmouseover, onchange, onsubmit.
- Dialog Boxes: alert("msg"), confirm("Are you sure?"), prompt("Enter name").
Unit IV: PHP & AJAX (20 Hrs)
PHP Basics:
- PHP: Server-side scripting language, embedded within HTML (<?php ... ?>).
- Datatypes: int, float, string, boolean, array, object, null.
- Operators: Arithmetic (+,-,*), Comparison (==, !=, <,>), Logical (&&, ||), String (.).
- Arrays: Indexed ($a=[1,2,3]), Associative ($a["id"]=101), Multidimensional.
- Form Handling: $_GET, $_POST used to collect form data.
- String Functions: strlen(), strrev(), strpos(), strtolower(), strtoupper().
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML):
- AJAX: Technique for updating web pages asynchronously without reloading.
- Traditional Web: Page reloads on each request.
- AJAX Web: Background request using XMLHttpRequest object or fetch().
- Technologies used: JavaScript, XML/JSON, XMLHttpRequest.
- RIA: Rich Internet Applications (e.g., Gmail, Google Maps).
- History: Popularized by Google in 2005 (Maps & Gmail).
Books for Study
1. Internet & WWW: How to Program – Deitel & Deitel
2. HTML and CSS in 24 Hours – Julie Meloni
3. Programming in PHP – O’Reilly
