Experiment no 5
Aim:
To write a Program in Java to add two matrices.
The objective of this assignment is to learn Arrays in Java
Theory:
Arrays:
An array is a group/collection of variables of the same type that are referred to by a
common name and an index
Examples:
• Collection of numbers
• Collection of names
• Collection of suffixes
Advantage and disadvantages
Advantage of Array
1. Code Optimization: It makes the code optimized, we can retrieve or sort the data
easily.
2. Random access: We can get any data located at any index position. Disadvantage
of Array
3. Size Limit: We can store only fixed size of elements in the array. It doesn't grow
its size at runtime.
Syntax
•Accessing elements in the array:
•Specific element in the array is accessed by specifying name of the array followed
the index of the element. All array indexes in Java start at zero.
variable-name[index] = value;
eg. marks[0] = 10;
This will assign the value 10 to the 1st element in the array.
marks[2] = 863;
Allocation and declaration
1) STEP 1 : (Declaration)
int marks[];
marks null
2) STEP 2: (Memory Allocation)
marks = new int[5];
•marks marks[0] marks[1] marks[2] marks[3] marks[4]
3) STEP 3: (Accessing Elements)
marks[0] = 10;
•marks marks[0] marks[1] marks[2] marks[3] marks[4]
Alternative Syntax
Combined declaration & memory allocation:
data-type variable-name[] = new data-type[size];
eg. int marks[] = new int[5];
This will declare an int array ‘marks’ and will also allocate memory
of 5 integers to it.
•Combined declaration, allocation & assignment:
data-type variable-name[] = {comma-separated values};
•eg. int marks[] = {10, 35, 84, 23, 5};
This will declare an int array ‘marks’, will allocate memory
of 5 integer to it and will also assign the values as
Multi-Dimensional Arrays (2D, 3D … arrays)
Multi dimensional arrays represent 2D, 3D ..arrays. A two dimensional array is
combination of two or more (1D) one dimensional arrays. A three dimensional array
is a combination of two or more (2D) two dimensional arrays.
Two Dimensional Arrays (2d array): A two dimensional array represents several rows
and columns data.To represent a two dimensional array, we should use two pair of
square braces [ ] [ ] after the array name.
For example:- The marks obtained by a group of students in five different subjects can
be represented by a 2D array.
2 D array declaration
We can declare a two dimensional array and directly store elements at the time of its
declaration,
as:
int marks[] [] = {{50, 60, 55, 67, 70},{62, 65, 70, 70, 81}, {72, 66, 77, 80, 69} };
We can create a two dimensional array by declaring the array first and then we can
allocate memory for it by using new operator as:
int marks[ ] [ ]; //declare marks array
marks = new int[3][5]; //allot memory for storing 15 elements.
These two statements also can be written as:
int marks [ ][ ] = new int[3][5];
Program :
Output:
Conclusion-
Questions-
1) What is an array ?What are applications of Arrays?
2) What is difference between array and vector?
3) What is need of Wrapper class in Java?
