Reading Inputs
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Reading Input from Console
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System.out refers to the standard output device and
System.in to the standard input device.
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Console input is not directly supported in Java
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However, we can use the Scanner class to create an
object to read input from System.in, as follows:
– Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
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The object of Scanner class may invoke its
methods.
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Method for Scanner class object
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nextByte() reads an integer of the byte type.
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nextShort() reads an integer of the short type.
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nextInt() reads an integer of the int type.
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nextLong() reads an integer of the long type.
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nextFloat() reads a number of the float type.
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nextDouble() reads a number of the double type.
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next() reads a string that ends before a whitespace character.
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nextLine() reads a line of text (i.e., a string ending with the Enter
key pressed).
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Example
import java.util.*; // Scanner is in the java.util package
public class ConsoleInput{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number for radius: ");
double radius = input.nextDouble() ;
double area = radius * radius * 3.14159;
System.out.println("The area for the circle of radius " +radius + " is " + area);
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Another way
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To obtain a character-based stream that is attached to the
console, wrap System.in in a BufferedReader object.
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BufferedReader supports a buffered input stream.
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To creates a BufferedReader that is connected to the
keyboard:
– BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
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Here, br is a character-based stream that is linked to the
console through System.in.
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Reading Characters
import java.io.*;
class BRRead {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException{
char c;
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit.");
do {
c = (char) br.read();
System.out.println(c);
} while(c != 'q');
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Reading Strings
import java.io.*;
class BRReadLines {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException{
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str;
System.out.println("Enter lines of text.");
System.out.println("Enter 'stop' to quit.");
do {
str = br.readLine();
System.out.println(str);
}while(!str.equals("stop"));
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Using Command-Line
Arguments
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The command-line arguments inside a Java program are
stored as strings in a String array, args which is passed as the
parameter to main().
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The first command-line argument is stored at args[0], the
second at args[1], and so on.
class CommandLine {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for(int i=0; i<args.length; i++)
System.out.println("args[" + i + "]: " + args[i]);
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Variable length argument
(classical style)
class PassArray {
static void vaTest(int v[]) {
System.out.print("Number of args: " + v.length +" Contents: ");
for(int x : v)
System.out.print(x + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
// array created to hold the arguments.
int n1[] = { 10 };
int n2[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
int n3[] = { };
vaTest(n1); // 1 arg
vaTest(n2); // 3 args
vaTest(n3); // no args
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Variable length argument
(varargs feature)
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A variable-length argument is specified by three periods (...).
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For example, function vaTest( ) is written using a vararg:
– static void vaTest(int ... v) {
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This syntax tells the compiler that vaTest( ) can be called with
zero or more arguments.
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As a result, v is implicitly declared as an array of type int[ ].
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Thus, inside vaTest( ), v is accessed using the normal array
syntax
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You can overload a method that takes a variable-length
argument
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Example varargs
class VarArgs {
// vaTest() now uses a vararg.
static void vaTest(int ... v) {
System.out.print("Number of args: " + v.length + " Contents: ");
for(int x : v)
System.out.print(x + " ");
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
vaTest(10); // 1 arg
vaTest(1, 2, 3); // 3 args
vaTest(); // no args
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Restriction on varargs
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The varargs parameter must be last in the
argument list and there must be only one
varargs parameter.
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int doIt(int a, int b, double c, int ... vals) {
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int doIt(int a, int b, double c, int ... vals, boolean
stopFlag) { // Error!
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int doIt(int a, int b, double c, int ... vals, double ...
morevals) { // Error!
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
Another example
class VarArgs2 {
static void vaTest(String msg, int ... v) {
System.out.print(msg + v.length + " Contents: ");
for(int x : v)
System.out.print(x + " ");
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
vaTest("One vararg: ", 10);
vaTest("Three varargs: ", 1, 2, 3);
vaTest("No varargs: ");
}
}
Dr. Alekha Kumar Mishra
