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Paper 3
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates

1 Samarium is a metal.

(a) Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in the samarium atom shown.

62Sm
154

number of electrons ....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ....................................................................................................................

[2]

2 Magnesium is an element in Group II of the Periodic Table.

(a) Deduce the electronic configuration of magnesium.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Fig. 7.2 shows the electronic configuration of an element in Group II of the Periodic Table.

Fig. 7.2

Deduce the period in the Periodic Table to which this element belongs.

Period .................................................................................................................................. [1]

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

3 Table 2.1 shows the masses of some of the ions in 1000 cm3 of the solution obtained by filtering
a sample of soil with distilled water.

Table 2.1

mass of ion in 1000 cm3

name of ion formula of ion
of solution / mg
ammonium NH4+ 25.0
calcium Ca2+ 0.4
chloride Cl – 0.5
iron(II) Fe2+ 27.0
magnesium Mg2+ 4.0
nitrate NO3– 23.0
phosphate PO43– 15.5
potassium K+ 29.0
sodium Na+ 2.0
2–
SO4 6.0

(c) Complete Fig. 2.1 to show:

● the electronic configuration of a sodium ion
● the charge on the ion.

......

Na

Fig. 2.1
[2]
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

4 Potassium iodide is an ionic compound.

(c) Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in the iodide ion shown.

53I
127 –

number of protons .....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ...................................................................................................................

[2]

5 Fig. 1.1 shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

H He
C N O
Na Mg Al Cl
K Ca Fe Cu Br
I

Fig. 1.1
Answer the following questions using only the elements in Fig. 1.1.
Each symbol of the element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(b) has an atom with a complete outer electron shell

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) has an atom with five occupied electron shells

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

6 (c) Complete the diagram in Fig. 2.1 to show the electronic configuration of a chlorine atom.

Cl

Fig. 2.1
[1]

7 Lithium bromide is a compound with ionic bonding.

(b) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show:

● the electronic configuration of a lithium ion

● the charge on the ion.

.....

Li

Fig. 8.1
[2]

(c) Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in the bromide ion shown.
79 –
35Br

number of protons .....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ...................................................................................................................

[2]
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

8 This question is about halogens and halogen compounds.

(a) Deduce the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in one atom of the isotope of chlorine
shown.
37
17Cl

number of electrons ...................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ...................................................................................................................

number of protons .....................................................................................................................

[3]

9 This question is about Group IV elements and their compounds.

(e) Diamond is a form of carbon.

The structure of diamond is shown.

(iv) Deduce the electronic structure of carbon.

Use the Periodic Table to help you.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

10 (b) Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a calcium atom.

Ca

[2]
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 4
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question

11 Iron ore contains iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. A blast furnace is used to extract iron from Fe2O3.

Equations for some of the reactions in the blast furnace are shown.

equation 1 C + O2 → CO2

equation 2 CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

equation 3 CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3

(f) Both iron(III) oxide and aluminium oxide contain metal ions with a 3+ charge.

(i) Write the electronic configuration of an Al 3+ ion.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Deduce
 the number of protons and electrons in an Fe3+ ion.

protons electrons

[2]

12 (a) The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.
Li Be B C N O F Ne

Use the symbols of the elements in Period 2 to answer the questions that follow.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(ii) contains atoms with only three electrons in the outer shell .......................................... [1]

(iii) contains atoms with only nine protons .......................................................................... [1]

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

13 A list of gases is shown.

ammonia
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
ethene
fluorine
oxygen
sulfur dioxide
xenon

Answer the following questions using only the gases from the list.
Each gas may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the name of the gas that:

(c) is inert

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

14 Boron and aluminium are Group III elements.

(a) Boron has only two naturally occurring isotopes, 10B and 11B.

Complete Table 2.1 to show the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of 11B.

Table 2.1

number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

[2]
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

15 (a) Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms of the same element are known as

isotopes.

(i) Complete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

1
electron 1840

neutron

proton +1
[2]

(b) Mg2+ ions have the electronic structure 2,8.

Give the formula of the following particles which have the same electronic structure as Mg2+
ions.

● a cation (positive ion)

....................................................................................................................................................

● an anion (negative ion)

....................................................................................................................................................

● an atom

....................................................................................................................................................
[3]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 3
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates

1 A list of symbols and formulae is shown.

Br2
CH4
C 2H 4
Cl –
CO2
Cr3+
Cu2+
H2
K+
N2
N3–
O2
SO42–

Answer the following questions about these symbols and formulae.

Each symbol or formula may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which symbol or formula represents:

(a) a molecule containing only five atoms

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) a diatomic molecule of an element in Group VII of the Periodic Table

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) an ion formed when an atom gains one electron

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) an ion which forms a green precipitate when a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide are
added to it

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) a compound produced by the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) a product of photosynthesis.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

2 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the displayed formula of compound S.

H

H C O H

H C H

C
O O H

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw a circle around the carboxylic acid functional group. [1]

(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of compound S.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

3(e) When cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, is heated in air an oxide with the formula Co3O4 is formed.

Balance the equation for this reaction.

…....... CoO + O2 → 2Co3O4 [1]

4 (c) Hydrogen sulfide burns in air to produce sulfur dioxide and

water.

(i) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

.....H2S + .....O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2 [2]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

5 (a) The structures of four organic compounds, P, Q, R and S, are shown.

P Q R S
H
H H H H H H H H

H C C O H H C H H C C C H C C C H
H O
H H H H H H H
H C C C

H H O H

Answer the following questions about these structures.

Each structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(iv) Deduce the molecular formula of structure Q to show the number of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 This question is about chlorine and compounds of chlorine.

Chlorine is an element in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
(c) Chlorine reacts with phosphorus to produce phosphorus(V) chloride.

(i) Balance the equation for this reaction.

.....P + .....Cl 2 → 2PCl 5 [2]

7 This question is about zinc and compounds of zinc.

(b) Zinc reacts with phosphorus to form zinc phosphide, Zn3P2.

Complete the equation for this reaction.

.....Zn + .....P → Zn3P2 [2]

3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 4
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question

8 This question is about acids, bases and alkalis.

Table 3.1 shows the pH values of some substances.

Table 3.1

substance pH
NaOH(aq) 14
Ca(OH)2(aq) 10
H2O(l) 7
CH3COOH(aq) 4
HNO3(aq) 1

(f) Write the ionic equation which represents a neutralisation reaction between any acid and any
alkali. (extended only)

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

9 This question is about sulfur and compounds of sulfur.

Sulfur is converted into sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by the Contact process.

The process involves four stages.

stage 1 Molten sulfur is converted into sulfur dioxide.

stage 2 Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide.
stage 3 Sulfur trioxide combines with concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum, H2S2O7.
stage 4 Oleum reacts to form concentrated sulfuric acid.

(a) (i) In stage 1, iron pyrites, FeS2, can be used instead of molten sulfur.
The iron pyrites is heated strongly in air.

Balance the equation for the reaction occurring when iron pyrites reacts with oxygen in the
air.

.....FeS2 + .....O2 → .....Fe2O3 + .....SO2 [1]

(d) Lead(II) sulfate is an insoluble salt.

Lead(II) sulfate can be made from aqueous ammonium sulfate using a precipitation reaction.

(i) Name a solution that can be added to aqueous ammonium sulfate to produce a precipitate
of lead(II) sulfate. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an ionic equation for this precipitation reaction. Include state symbols. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [3]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

10 Order of reactivity can be determined by displacement reactions.

(a) A student investigates the reactivities of four metals by carrying out a series of experiments.

Each of the metals lead, manganese, silver and zinc are added separately to aqueous metal
nitrates of the other metals.

(i) Table 3.1 shows some of the results.

Table 3.1

lead manganese silver zinc

aqueous solution
Pb Mn Ag Zn

lead(II) nitrate ✓

manganese(II) nitrate

silver nitrate ✓ ✓ ✓

zinc nitrate ✗ ✗

key
✓ = displacement reaction occurs
✗ = displacement reaction does not occur

Complete Table 3.1 and place the four metals in their order of reactivity with the most
reactive first.

1 ......................................... most reactive

2 .........................................

3 .........................................

4 .........................................
[3]

(ii) Suggest why the metal nitrates and not the metal sulfates of these four metals are used
as the aqueous solutions.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write the symbol equation for the reaction between zinc and silver nitrate. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [2]
3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

11 Element X can undergo the following physical changes.

gaseous X

4
2

liquid X
3
1
solid X

Fig. 1.1

(c) Element X is a Group III metal. It burns in air to form an oxide X2O3.

Write a symbol equation for this reaction. (extended only)

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

12 This question is about compounds of sulfur.

(b) Hydrogen sulfide has the formula H2S.

(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
hydrogen sulfide. Show outer shell electrons only.

H S H

[2]

(ii) Balance the chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sulfur dioxide
shown.

.....H2S + SO2 → .....S + .....H2O [1]

3.1 Formulae QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

13 Ethanoic acid is manufactured by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide.

(h) Ester Y has the following composition by mass:

C, 48.65%; H, 8.11%; O, 43.24%.

Calculate the empirical formula of ester Y. (extended only)

empirical formula = .............................. [3]

(i) Ester Z has the empirical formula C2H4O and a relative molecular mass of 88.

Determine the molecular formula of ester Z. (extended only)

molecular formula = .............................. [1]

1 Crystals of sodium sulphate-10-water, Na2SO4.10H2O, are prepared by titration.

burette filled with

sulphuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide(aq)

concentration 2.24 mol / dm3
(a) 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide is pipetted into a conical flask.
A few drops of an indicator are added. Using a burette, dilute sulphuric acid is slowly
added until the indicator just changes colour. The volume of acid needed to neutralise
the alkali is noted.
Suggest how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium
sulphate-10-water.

[4]
3 3
(b) Using 25.0 cm of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.24 mol / dm , 3.86 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Na2SO4 + 10H2O Na2SO4.10H2O

Number of moles of NaOH used =

Maximum number of moles of Na2SO4.10H2O that could be formed =

Mass of one mole of Na2SO4.10H2O = 322 g

Maximum yield of sodium sulphate-10-water = g

Percentage yield = % [4]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
[Total: 8]
2 (a (i) Write a symbol equation for the action of heat on zinc hydroxide.

[2]

(ii) Describe what happens when solid sodium hydroxide is heated strongly.

[1]

(b) What would be observed when copper(II) nitrate is heated?

[3]

(c) Iron(III) sulphate decomposes when heated. Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide
formed and the volume of sulphur trioxide produced when 10.0 g of iron(III) sulphate
was heated.
Mass of one mole of Fe2(SO4)3 is 400 g.

Fe2(SO4)3 (s) Fe2O3 (s) + 3SO3 (g)

Number of moles of Fe2(SO4)3 =

Number of moles of Fe2O3 formed =

g
Mass of iron(III) oxide formed =

Number of moles of SO3 produced =

Volume of sulphur trioxide at r.t.p. = dm3 [5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Calcium and other minerals are essential for healthy teeth and bones. Tablets can be taken
to provide these minerals.

Healthy Bones
Each tablet contains
calcium
magnesium
zinc
copper
boron

(a) Boron is a non-metal with a macromolecular structure.

(i) What is the valency of boron?

...........................................................................

(ii) Predict two physical properties of boron.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Name another element and a compound that have macromolecular structures.

element …………………..

compound ………………………

(iv) Sketch the structure of one of the above macromolecular substances.

[7]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) Describe the reactions, if any, of zinc and copper(II) ions with an excess of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

(i) zinc ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) copper(II) ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Each tablet contains the same number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3. One tablet
reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 0.24 dm3 of carbon dioxide at r.t.p.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + 2O

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + CO2 + 2O

(i) Calculate how many moles of CaCO3 there are in one tablet.

number of moles CO2 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 = ..............

[3]

(ii) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to react with one
tablet.

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in one tablet = ..............

Use your answer to (c)(i).

number of moles of HCl needed to react with one tablet = ..............

volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to

react with one tablet = ..............
[2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 Sulphur dioxide, SO2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3, are the two oxides of sulphur.

(a) Sulphur dioxide can kill bacteria and has bleaching properties. Give a use of sulphur
dioxide that depends on each of these properties.

(i) ability to kill bacteria .............................................................................................[1]

(ii) bleaching properties .............................................................................................[1]

(b) Sulphur trioxide can be made from sulphur dioxide.

(i) Why is this reaction important industrially?

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the word equation.

sulphur dioxide + ……………….……………………… → sulphur trioxide [1]

(iii) What are the conditions for this reaction?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Sulphur dioxide is easily oxidised in the presence of water.

SO2 + 2H2O – 2e– → SO42– + 4H+

(i) What colour change would be observed when an excess of aqueous sulphur
dioxide is added to an acidic solution of potassium manganate(VII)?

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) To aqueous sulphur dioxide, acidified barium chloride solution is added. The mixture
remains clear. When bromine is added, a thick white precipitate forms. What is the
white precipitate? Explain why it forms.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(d) Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine in an addition reaction to form sulphuryl chloride.

SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2

8.0 g of sulphur dioxide was mixed with 14.2 g of chlorine. The mass of one mole of
SO2Cl2 is 135 g.

Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed by this mixture.

Calculate the number of moles of SO2 in the mixture = ………………

Calculate the number of moles of Cl2 in the mixture = ………………

Which reagent was not in excess? ………………………….

How many moles of SO2Cl2 were formed = ……………….

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Calculate the mass of sulphuryl chloride formed = …………. g [5]