NCERT Intext Questions

Q. 1. What is meant by a pure substance?

Ans. Apure substance ts one which is made up ot onls ne knd of partales ether atoms o moleules
For example, oxvgen, carbon, etc
Q. 2. List the points of difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Ans.
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
1. The compostion rema1ns unnform throughout
2 separated
The components of the mxtute canoa be 2 1he
bv vis1ble boundaries
onponents of the mnture can b wpat ated
bs vsbler boundate

3. Examples: A mixture of salt and water, cthanol 3 Examples: Amnture of sand, sugat, halk and
and water.

Q.3. How do sol, solution and suspension differ from each other?
Ans.
Solution Colloid (sol) Suspension
1. It is
homogeneous in nature I Heterogencous in natute
2. Particle size is lessthan l0 cm2 Collondal partcle s1zC Is betwcen 2 Partale ste in 10 ts
10m
0to l0 cm
3. I does not scatter light. 3. It scatiers a bean of light 3 I! Mattets a beam of lgtht
4. True solutions pass through 4. Thes also pass through a filter Suspended part les do not pass
filter paper. paper. through filtet paet
5. They do not carrv anv charge. 3. Collodal particles are charged 5 Do not carry any charge
To make a saturated solution 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at
293 K. Findits concentration at this temperature.
Ans. Mass of sodiumchloride = 36g
 Is Matter Around Us Pure

Mass of water =100g

Total mass of the solution =(36 + 100) g = 136 g
Mass of NaCl
Concentration (mass percentage) of solution = x 100
Mass of solution

36g x 100
136g
= 26.47%

Q. 8. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:

(i) cutting of trees, (ii) melting of butter in a pan,
(iii) rusting of almirah, (iv) boiling of water to form steam,
(o) passing of electric current through water and water breaking down into hydrogen and
OXygen gases,
(vi) dissolving common salt in water,
(vii) making a fruit salad with raw fruits, and
(vii) burning of paper and wood.
Ans. (i) Physical change (i) Physical change
(i) Chemical change (iv) Physical change
(u) Chemical change (ui) Physical change
(vi) Physical change (vii) Chemical change

NCERT Exercises
Q. 1. Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?
(a) Sodium chloride fromn its solution in water
chloride
(6) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium
(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oilof a car
(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals
(e) Butter from curd
() Oil from water
(g) Tea leaves from tea
(h) Iron pins from sand
(i) Wheat grains from husk
)Fine mud particles suspended in water.
 collected
in of thecools?this potassium g
crystals table.
dissolved g/100 from very dissolve, oneNowcupleft
solution leaves
353 167 37 54 66 at the changes add a be
solution,
and
temperatures
solution
solubility the (37 However, halfwill
and of in solute, Now
Addleaves
substance saturated K solution Hence, 2 solubility chloride
K 313 column forms
stove. minutes.
353the has temperature. solvent, Tea
the
highest at
333 salt? temperature. highest
of
106 37 46 55
a at as solution saturated in sodium gasand sieve.
grams observe
water given 2-3
separation produce a of solute,
solutions,
(d) funnel
Separating
()
Chromatography different K
in
Temperature of
the help forof
in solubility saturated are increasing
of help
as Solubility a
produce has boil
table, she
chloride falling water solubility theas
Sublimation 313 62 36 40 41
to salt chloride words acts it the
Magnetic
(h) Filtration
() at
substances needed would with Let
water, with
following Which the a the of
obtain to cooling. the water.
K? potassium g the the water tea
What on g neededwith 100 ammonium with
solutions). be 313 temperature
62 that Use in the
(b) K. to 31 decreases Boil in
soluble filtrate.
the
different 293
32 36 35 37
would
at
293 = g on in increases tea. Filter
insoluble
water temperature. K
nitrate be out K
apparent
solvent.
in of 313 62g
50g.
x = would 293 making
given solution at is minutes.
as
saturated nitrate
of salt 100g
potassium at that
separate it
residue.as
three grams of at g K. salt salts
nitrate salt temperature. are obtained
are nitrate
100 clear is as
each change 313a for actsdissolved
283 potassium room of a it which3-4
of (results 21 36 35 24 saturated
= at will different of table, use
solubility
solubilitya
form
50 of potassium
(water) potassium is
it solubility andwhich for be
in of water chloride leaves
at of
solubility mass data, would
theincreasingfiltrategets again will
below nitrate effect
Centrifugation to Substance
(e) Dissolved of a cool of the of in water tea tea
which,
makes temperature?solvent
the given
solubilities
(a)
Evaporation (i) the water
Winnowing
chloride
Ammonium
chloride
Potassium
mass to theof gof50g potassium thegiven youinsoluble,of boilwhereas
cooling,
given Potassium
nitrate potassium
(c) Filtration
(g) tested
Filtration Sodium
chloride Explain.
the
solution
Therefore,
Solubility Generally,
theofwater). steps of spoonit
of Pragya (d)
What
is of 31 in datawith mL sugar let
as 100
grams What Find Thus,nitrate From
Mass and
Q.2. data
Pragya On The
of
thelittlethesoluble,
100of halfa residue
(a) (6) (c) (a) (b) (c) Write Takespoonmilk
the (d) add
of as
Ans. Ans. 0.3. Ans.
Pure25 amount
of given of is its blood
g that Iteye. determining substances.
21
milk.
Silver
(d) Coal
(h) air,
Us samedissolvea than naked coal,
Around at
the
E.g.,
characteristic solutions. Mixture
solution,
smaller
with by pure
Matter in we heterogeneous. confirmed
dissolved
if
E.g., water. visible mixture: water? substance"? ofcategory colloidal
Is solution, sugar
solution
Sugar
(c)
(b) be solution.same
Substance
Pure distilled are pure solution.
Starch
(d) Soil, ironfood
heterogeneous be
Suspension.
(d) can and
is can "pure the are mixtures: (g) Methane
(k)
Silicon soap, of of
Rusting
the
of is suspension.
they Cooking
saturated E.g.,thatit size
solute youwater () to
Mercury
methane,
has actually belong Milk
(b) because
in
than large to a Iron
(c) Air
(c)
more substance. givenof of (i))
Air mixtures: and Compound
alwavs purity category mercury
(6) (d)
called
istemperature
solution. bigger but ais or air effect'? compounds carbonate,
are waterhomogeneous effect
tea. tea, liquid carbonchanges?
no homogeneous
which the dioxicde
which whichpure filtered Hence, the oxide oxide,
filtered following Tyndall Tyndall
saturated particles in colourless Calcium
examples: in called particles
powder in Calcium (e) solutions.
(b) water
Soda sand
solution
substance fall calcium
Sea-water elements, Blood (m) chemical
a vinegar,vinegar, show Soil (b) Tin Soap
)
is of be as
K). (b) Wood
materials
Milk (h) the show
solution and
get chalk a (373
giving The particular pressureconsists
to of following
consists that (e)
among are will will () are filings
will The appears wood.
Soil,
Heterogeneous:
water, 100°C acid, into
E.g., soil, confirm acid waterfollowing solution carbonate Silicon following
solution:
Saturated
solution
(a) K,
we
andColloid
substance: air, following hydrochloric
solutions sulphate following dioxide
Carbon
(0)
plant
iron
following It heterogeneous.
the Soda at Hydrochloric
a at It Suspension: soda solution
Salt
(a) Element
Tin, a
at 283 temperature
SuspensIon. wood, boils of of
of you starch (a) Calcium
solvent
(c) Saturated each Homogeneous: the air, the Copper Sodium Silver, theGrowth Mixing
the Colloid KNO,
Colloid: water, would boiling
point.
water Brick
(g) the
(d) Sea-water,
(a) Coal
Soil
the
Air
(i) of
Pure Classify of (a)
Ice iron,Identify of and CIlassify Sodium, Which
Q.4.
Explain of pure Which Which (c) Milk
Soda How (d) (e) (a) (c)
(a) (6) (c) (d) lce,
A 11.
5. Ans. 6. Ans. 0.7. Ans. 8. Ans. 0.9. Ans. 10. Ans.
Ans. Q. Q.
Q. Q. Q.
 [1
mark]more a [NCERTExemplar]
be source. solute separation
boiling difference
in evaporation, physical
changes
distillation. substances.
any it solids?
Will of solution. their
and its metal. changing.
adding amount medium.
of
together. Which purify
food irrespective in havefractional On of
saturated? a difference to variety iron
of without the of liquids filtration. are
Digestion grams dispersing temperature.
heterogeneous. evaporation
solution. of is
mixed of by wiremetal
form
sameor basis wide
water solution hundred theseparated
its
solution? the froma after a iron
dissolvedrawing
are concentrated both only
of (e) is the and if because
dryness.
Freezingfood beetrootcrystals room
and
BA' simple even of
unsaturated on
one
phase if be crystals wireiron,
is distillation, to
ability rod, of
colloidal solution
evaporation
of unsaturated.sugar saturated solution
at can
than to a
Cooking in dispersed other
()
andsame. diluted,
present
solution? 'B' its heating irondrawing
composition
of
sugarcane of and of better the
an the composition iodine'. a colloidalmixture fractional form the of
changes. or from each has
(d) to be concentrated are 'A' simple
on in bending
changes? and
becomesfor solvent. solutecolloidal ofliquids considered it
iron solution reasons to of differ with
solution the charred
dissolved because
said a the rodchemical
from 'tincture whereas in
of chemicalQUESTIONSit the
miscible by solid
than solyent? iron,
iron
Rusting chemical
is
the solution?
of solution separateliquids physical
solution,
saturated obtained
Give ofa colloidal mixture get remain solvent of
solution is
diluted, alcohol grams better
puretechnique of the
components homogeneous or solid.
are mixture? in universal rustingbending
(b)
candle because solvent true
are to miscible a decompose
considered in
candle saturated a in the maythe universal are change
food plant a crystals a solution. of mass a B' apply separates
ANSWER
change be
factor and cent of a So, crystallisation.
Define crystallisation
Q.9. contaminate following
metal,
a substanceto components
does and impurities metal,
of aof a a or said
and solute the you separate
twopoints. called no
of of
Digestion
Burning Burning the
(sugar) which the
solute
per two is
respect 'A' that is solids as
you substance as solution will27°C?
is
points known iron is
Growth solvent
to
it?
heating pure solutionis in the massdefinedthe liquids boiling process
Crystallisation water the ironthere
SHORTcan on dissolved
is
Identify are technique somesome these of Melting
Ans.
of
Sucrose is two of
is Which
(e) g) Hdow Based Iodine what
true can
We
Ans. is is Meltingbecause
(a) (g) purea What WhatThe Two their a Why (i) (iü) WhyWater
By is is
It In A is
VERY I. Ans. 2. Ans.
A It It
Ans. Ans. 4. Ans.5. Ans. 6. Ans.0.7.Ans. 8.
3. Ans.10. Ans.
2. Q. Q. 0. Q. Ans.12.
11.
0. Q. 0.
Q. 0.
 ls Matter Around Us Pure

Q. 13. Name two elements which exist in liquid state at room temperature.
Ans. Gallium and mercury exist in liquid state at room temperature.
0. 14. An unknown substance A' on thermal decomposition produces "B' and 'C. What is "A'-an
element, a compound or a mixture?
Ans. Unknown substance 'A' should be a compound because elements and mixture do not decompose.
Q. 15. Identify the elements from the following substances: sulphur, brine, hydrochloric acid,
water, neon, paper, sugar.
Ans. The elements are sulphur and neon.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-I [2 marks]

Q.1. 'Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.' Comment.
[NCERTExemplar]
Ans. Sea water is a mixture of salts and water which cannot be separated except by evaporation.
Therefore, sea water is considered homogeneous.
Sea water also contains mud,decayed plant, etc., other than salts and water, so it is heterogeneous also.
Q. 2. Why is it not possible todistinguish particles of a solute from the solvent in solution?
Ans. A true solution is homogeneous in nature. The solute and solvent particles are very small. They
cannot be distinguished even under a microscope.
undisturbed, while in
Q. 3. Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left
the case of a suspension they do. [NCERT Exemplar]
than those in a colloidal solution. Also molecular interaction in
Ans. Particle size in asuspension is larger
hence they settle down.
a suspension is not strong enough to keep the particles suspended and
Q. 4. Identify colloids and true solutions from the following:
Pond water, fog, aluminium paint, vinegar and glucose solution.
are fog, aluminium paint.
Ans. True solutions are vinegar and glucose solution. Colloids
Emulsion.
Q. 5. Give two examples each for (i) Aerosol, (ii) (ii) Emulsion: Milk, face cream.
Ans. (i) Aerosol: Clouds, smoke
Q. 6. Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way
are they different? [NCERT Exmplar|
medium. The only difference is that the dispersed
Ans. Both fog and smoke have gas as the dispersion
phase in fog is liquid and in smoke it is a solid.
distillation? Give its one application.
Q.7. What do you understand by the term
condensing the vapour obtained into a liquid.
Ans. Distillation is a process of boiling a liquid and then
sugarcane juice.
This process is used to obtain wines from the
student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C).
Q. 8. While diluting a solution of salt in water, a acetone? Justify your choice. [NCERT Exemplar]
What technique can be employed to get back the and since
Distillation is used to get back acetone. We know that boiling point of water is 100°C
Ans.
first.
acetone is more volatile it will separate out
application.
Q. 9. Define chromatography and give its one of solutes brought about by
Ans. Chromatography is a technique used for the separation of a mixture
immiscible phases, one of which is mobile phase and
distribution of dissolved material between two detect and identify trace amounts
useful in forensic science to
the other part is stationary phase. It is stomach.
bladder or
of substances in the contents of carbonate,
stored in a tank contains sand grains, unfiltrable clay particles, calcium
2 10. Rain water Select from amongst these one
example each of a
of paper and some air bubbles.
salt, pieces
solvent, a solute, a colloid and asuspension.
 the fromdifferent entirely aroxygen
e hydrogen
and properties
of chemical andphysical The (i)
electrolysis. separated
byonly becan They methods. physical
arated
by cannot
be which oxygen hydrogen
and elements, different twocomposed
of isIt (i)
reasons: following of compound
the because Water
ais Ans.
statement. your support
of reason Give
in compound? element
aor water
an Is 14. Q.
powder. sulphur aluminium,
carbon, iodine, iron, gas,Chlorine Ans.
larl [NCERT powder Sulphur ()
monoxide Carbon (h) Carbon g)
lodine ()Aluminium (e)
sulphide Iron (d) Iron (c)
chloride Potassium (6) Chlorine
gas (a)
compounds? not following
are the Which
of 13. Q.
methods. chemical methods. chemical
ubstances
by new into split compound
becan A2. physical
or by
split cannot
be element An 2.
atoms.
kinds
ofdifferent fromobtained compoundis A1. atoms. of
kind same of up
made element
is An 1.
Compound Element
Ans.
compound. andelement
a between
andifferences points
of two Give 12. Q.
propertiesb)
(d) and Chemical
properties<a)
(c) and Physical Ans.
larl [NCERT water. interacting
with alkalis
on form oxides metal Most (d)
knife. witha cut be enough
to soft sodium
is Metallic (c)
hydrogen
gas. evolution
of the withhydrochloric
acid dissolves
in Zinc (6)
ts. other 0.5% andcarbon 1.5% iron, 98% steelis sample
of composition
aof The (a)
properties: chemical physical
or following
as Classify
the 11. Q.
particles. Suspension
clay - bubbles air Colloid
salt Solute- water Solvent Ans.
 Is Matter Around Us Pure (31

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS [5 marks]

0. 1. Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid.
Ans.

True solution Colloid

1. A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two
or more substances.
1. Acolloidalsolution isa heterogeneous mixtureof
two substances.
2. The size of the particles is less than one 2. The range of particle size is between one
nanonmeter. nanometer to 1000nanometer.
3. It is always
transparent. 3. It is translucent.
4. The particles cannot be seen even
with 4. The particlesof acolloidal solution can be seen
microscope. with microscope.
5. It does not show Tyndall effect. 5. It shows Tyndall effect.

Q.2. Distinguish between physical change and chemical change.

Ans.

Physical change Chemical change

1. In aphysical change, only physical properties 1. In achemical change, the chemical composition
such as colour, physical state, density,volume, and chemical properties undergo a change.
etc. change; chemical properties remain
unchanged.
2. No new substance is formed in a physical change.2. Anew substance is formed in a chemical change.
3. Very little or noenergy in the form of heat, light3. Achemical change is always accompanied by
or sound is usually absorbed or given out in a absorption or evolution of energy.
physicalchange.
4. Aphysical change is a temporary change. 4. Achemical change is a permanent change.
5. The original form of substance can be regained 5. Original substance cannot be obtained by simple
by simple physical methods. physical methods.
6. A physical change is reversible. 6. Achemical change is irreversible.

Q.3. Distinguish between metals and non-metals.

Ans.

Metals Non-metals
1. They have lustre (sheen). 1. They are non-lustrous (dull).
2. They are malleable and ductile. 2. They are neither malleable nor ductile.
3. They have high density and high melting and 3. They have low density and low melting and
boiling points. boiling points.
4. Except mercury and gallium, all other metals are 4. Non-metals may exist in solid, liquid or gaseous
solid at room temperature. states at room temperature.
5. They are sonorous. 5. They are not sonorous.

6. They are good conductorsof heat and electricity. 6. They are poor conductorsof heat and electricity.
7. They are generally hard (except sodium and 7. Non-metals are generally soft (except diamond).
potassium).
8. They have high tensile strength. 8. They have low tensile strength.
 in ofthose
or present in a
two (except of are
chemical
no be formation easily
as not mixture
mixing be same
heterogeneous be
may
constituents. may
can
simply are the methods
energy a
are mixturemnixture mixture
of sharp
Mixtures and
fixed.
during points
There
by electrical
formed the a usually absorbed a physica
of a
constituents. boilingof
between of
components componen
properties
constituents.
its
1.Mixtures
are are or and by
5.
Heat,
light
or
solutions). usually
not separate
ratio.
any
reactions Mixtures
evolved
Melting
mixture.
more
The The The
2. 3. 4. 6. 7.
mixtures. electrical They
nature. chem
metho
chemical are
or always entirely compound means.
be
elements in by or
and accompanied cannot
of homogeneousheat
are mechani
compoundsresult compound
mass.are
light, compound
Compounds
more compound
constituents.
a
of by
a by
as of points separ
formed
or ratio is
two a
always evolutionfixed. or
formation
between of definite
a boilinga physical
of its and of
arebetween
components are
properties be
constituent
Compounds.
Compounds a
from
Compounds
4. Compound
or
and by sharphowe
Distinguish in absorption
reactions different
separate
present Melting
usually
energy.
The The The can,
1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7.
4. Ans.
Q.