IP Routing Protocols Labs

Course Focus: CCNA – IP Routing

(Labs)

Abstract
This report presents a series of IP routing labs using Cisco Packet Tracer. Topics
include DHCP via servers and routers, Default
Routing, Static Routing, RIP (v1 & v2), EIGRP, OSPF (Single & Multi-Area), and BGP.
These labs align with CCNA objectives,
offering hands-on practice in configuring and troubleshooting routing protocols

Geraldo Aloysius Sembiring

geraldosembiring@gmail.com
 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Included Lab Configurations:

1. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Using Server

2. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Using Router
3. Default Routing
4. Static Routing
5. RIP v1 & RIP v2
6. EIGRP (Different Autonomus Systems)
7. OSPF – Single Area
8. OSPF – Multi Area
9. BGP – Path Vector Routing

Tools Used:

- Cisco Packet Tracer

- Cisco 1941 Routers
- Cisco 2960-24TT Switches
- PC-PT and Server-PT End Devices
- CLI Configuration on Routers and PCs
1. Introduction
This report covers the fundamentals and practical implementation of IP routing in CCNA,
including DHCP using both routers and external servers, Default Routing, Static Routing,
Dynamic Routing (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP).
2. Theoretical Overview

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

DHCP is a service that automatically gives IP addresses to computers and devices.
Instead of setting IPs manually on each device, the DHCP server does it for you — it
gives the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS. This makes it easier to
manage big networks. You can use a router as the DHCP server in small networks, or a
separate DHCP server in bigger ones. If the server is not in the same network, the router
can forward the request using the ip helper-address command.
- Assigns IP, subnet, gateway, and DNS to hosts.
- Can be provided by router or dedicated server.
- Router must use ip helper-address if DHCP server is in another network.

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IP Routing
Routing is the process of moving packets from one network to another. Routers use
routing tables to decide the path a packet should take to reach its destination.
Routing involves two main tasks:
1. Determining the best path for data to travel across networks.
2. Forwarding packets to their destination via the chosen path.

Types of Routing:

1. Default Routing
2. Static Routing
3. Dynamic Routing
1. Default Routing
Default routing is used to send packets to a default path when no specific route is
found in the routing table. Default routing is like a backup route. If a router doesn’t
know where to send a packet, it sends it to the default route. It’s useful in networks
with only one way out.
Key Features:
- Acts like a "catch-all" route for unknown destinations.
- Often used in stub networks (networks with only one exit path).
- Usually configured with the IP address of a next-hop router.
Example: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
2. Static Routing
Static routing means the network admin sets the path manually. It’s secure, fast, and
works well in small networks where routes don’t change often. You must know the
destination to set it up.
- Routes are manually configured by a network administrator.
- It is more secure and faster than dynamic routing in small networks.
- The destination network address must be known to configure the route.
- Best suited for small and simple networks where paths don’t change frequently.
Example: ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
3. Dynamic Routing
Dynamic routing is a method where routers automatically learn and update routes
using routing protocols. Dynamic routing means routers talk to each other and share

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route information. If something changes in the network, they update the paths
automatically. It’s good for big networks but uses more resources.
Key Features:
- Routers exchange information with each other using routing protocols.
- Routes are automatically adjusted if the network topology changes.
- Suitable for large or complex networks.
- Requires more CPU, memory, and bandwidth compared to static routing.
Common Dynamic Routing Protocols:
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
- EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
RIP (Distance Vector)
- Uses hop count.
- Simple but slow and limited.
EIGRP (Advanced Distance Vector)
- Cisco proprietary.
- Uses DUAL algorithm.
OSPF (Link-State)
- Open standard.
- Fast convergence and area-based.
BGP (Path Vector)
- Open standard used between different autonomous systems.
- Uses attributes like AS-path for route selection.

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3. Practical Lab Summary

Lab 1: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Using Server

DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses and network settings to devices, making network
management easier and faster.

Objective: To configure a DHCP Server in a local network environment using Packet Tracer,
allowing a PC to automatically obtain an IP address without using a router.

Topology :

- PC0, PC1, PC2 : End Device to receive IP via DHCP

- Switch0 : Provides Layer 2 Connectivity
- Server0 : Acts as the DHCP Server

IP Addressing Table

Device Interface IP Address Subnet mask Default Gateway

Server0 Fast Ethernet 10.10.10.10 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
PC0 DHCP Assigned dynamically 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
(e.g. 10.10.10.11+)
PC1 DHCP Assigned dynamically 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
(e.g. 10.10.10.11+)
PC2 DHCP Assigned dynamically 255.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
(e.g. 10.10.10.11+)
Note: Default gateway 10.0.0.1 is assigned for future scalability, but no router is present in
this lab.

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Configuration Steps :

1. Configure Server 0 (DHCP Server)

- Go to Server0 > Desktop > IP Configuration
Set:

- Go to Service > DHCP

Enable DHCP and Configure

2. Configure to PC0, PC1, PC2 to Use DHCP

- Go to PC0, PC1, PC2 > Desktop > IP Configuration
- Select DHCP
- Wait a few seconds for the IP to be assigned automatically

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Verification :
- From PC0, PC1, PC2 > Command Prompt, use : ipconfig

- Ping the DHCP Server : ping 10.10.10.10

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Output :

- IP Configuration Result from PC0, PC1 and PC2 (ipconfig)

- Successful ping to Server0

Conclusion :

This lab demonstrated how to configure a DHCP Server without a router in a basic LAN.
PC0, PC1 and PC2 was able to successfully receive an IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and
DNS server from the DHCP service running on Server0. This setup is ideal for internal
networks or small labs where a router is not required.

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Lab 2 : DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Using Router

To configure a Cisco router to act as a DHCP server and dynamically assign IP addresses to
PCs in a LAN.
Network Topology :

Router Configuration :

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PC0, PC1, PC2 : Set to DHCP mode under Desktop > IP Configuration

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Verification :
Command Used on PCs :
Ipconfig

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Output :

Device IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

PC0 192.168.1.101 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
PC1 192.168.1.102 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
PC2 192.168.1.103 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
Connectivity Test :
Ping 192.168.1.1

Ping between PC0, PC1, PC2

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Conclusion :
In this lab, a Cisco router was successfully configured to function as a DHCP server. Clients
connected to the router through a switch received IP addresses dynamically from a specified
pool. This method reduces manual IP assignment and ensures centralized IP management.

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LAB 3 : Default Routing

Default Routing is used when a router doesn’t know where to send a packet, it sends it to a
default route, often called the gateway of last resort.
It’s like saying: “If you don’t know where to go, just go this way.”
It's most useful for edge routers (routers at the end of a network) that only need one path to
reach all other networks.
Objective: To configure default routing between two routers so that a host (PC0) can
communicate with unknown networks through a default gateway (Router0 → Router1). The
lab will demonstrate how a router can forward packets to another router when the destination
is not found in its routing table.
Network Topology :

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IP Addressing Table :
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask
Router0 S0/0/0 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0
Router1 S0/0/0 10.10.10.2 255.0.0.0
Router1 Gi0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router1 Loopback0 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
Router1 Loopback1 172.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
PC0 NIC 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Configuration :
Router0

Router1
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Gigabitethernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface loopback0
Router(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface loopback1
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
Router(config)#exit
Verification :
Router0#show ip route
Router0#show interface
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

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D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.10.10.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2

Router#show interface
GigabitEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
(disabled)
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0001.c78e.dd01 (bia
0001.c78e.dd01)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 watchdog, 1017 multicast, 0 pause input
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
GigabitEthernet0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
(disabled)
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0001.c78e.dd02 (bia
0001.c78e.dd02)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo

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Router1#show ip route
Router1#show interface
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.10.10.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
172.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback1
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1

Router#show interface
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0001.6457.4a01 (bia
0001.6457.4a01)
Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 watchdog, 1017 multicast, 0 pause input
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
GigabitEthernet0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
(disabled)
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0001.6457.4a02 (bia
0001.6457.4a02)

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MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

Output :
All devices are able to communicate successfully:
PC0 can ping :
Router1 Serial0/0/0 (10.10.10.1)

Router1 GigabitEthernet0/0 (192.168.1.1)

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Router0 Loopback0 (1.1.1.1)

Router0 Loopback (172.0.0.1)

Router0 can ping:

Router1 Serial0/0/0 (10.10.10.2)
PC0 (192.168.1.2)
Router# ping 10.10.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/42/206 ms

Router#ping 192.168.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/17 ms

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Conclusion :
This lab successfully demonstrates default routing in a small network. By configuring a
single default route on Router1, the router can forward any unknown traffic to Router0,
which acts like an internet or backbone router. This simplifies routing in smaller or edge
networks.

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LAB 4 : Static Routing

Static routing is a manual method where routes are set by the administrator, best for small or
fixed networks with few changes.
Objective: Configure static routes between routers
Network Topology :

IP Addressing Table :
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Network
Router0 Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8
Router0 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0/24
Router1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8
Router1 Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0/8
Router1 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0/24
Router2 Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0/8
Router2 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0/24
Configuration Step:
#On Router0
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#Interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

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Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2

#On Router1
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 20.0.0.2

#On Router2
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.0.0.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 20.0.0.1

Verification Command :
R0#show ip route
Router>enable
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

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L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2

R1#show ip route
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 20.0.0.2
R2#show ip route
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 20.0.0.1
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 20.0.0.1
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

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Output:

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Conclusion :
Static routing configured successfully. Routers can reach each other.

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LAB 5 : RIP Configuration

RIP is a simple routing protocol that uses hop count to find routes and is suitable for small
networks with limited size and complexity.
Objective: Enable dynamic routing using RIP V1 &V2.
Network Topology :

IP Address Table :
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Network
Router0 Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8
Router0 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0/24
Router1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8
Router1 Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0/8
Router1 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0/24
Router2 Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0/8
Router2 GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0/24
Configuration Step :
#On Router0
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#exit

#On Router1
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#exit
#On Router2
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#exit

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Verification :
Router0#show ip route
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0

Router1#show ip route
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/1

Router2#show ip route
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Gateway of last resort is not set

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/0/0

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Output :
Router0#show ip protocols
Router0/show ip rip database
Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 9 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive 2
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
GigabitEthernet0/0 22
Serial0/0/0 22
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
Passive Interface(s):
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.2 120 00:00:21
Distance: (default is 120)
Router#show ip rip database
10.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
10.0.0.0/8 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
20.0.0.0/8
[1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:08, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.1.0/24 directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/24
[1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:08, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.3.0/24
[2] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:08, Serial0/0/0
Router1#show ip protocols
Router1#show ip rip database
Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 12 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive 2
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
GigabitEthernet0/0 22
Serial0/0/0 22
Serial0/0/1 22
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
20.0.0.0
192.168.2.0
Passive Interface(s):
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.1 120 00:00:21
20.0.0.2 120 00:00:26
Distance: (default is 120)
Router#show ip rip database
10.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
10.0.0.0/8 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
20.0.0.0/8 directly connected, Serial0/0/1
192.168.1.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.1.0/24
[1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/24 directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.3.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.3.0/24
[1] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0/1

Router2#show ip protocols
Router2#show ip rip database
Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 10 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive 2
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
GigabitEthernet0/0 22
Serial0/0/0 22
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
20.0.0.0
192.168.3.0
Passive Interface(s):
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
20.0.0.1 120 00:00:13
Distance: (default is 120)
Router#show ip rip database
10.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
10.0.0.0/8
[1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial0/0/0

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20.0.0.0/8 auto-summary
20.0.0.0/8 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.1.0/24
[2] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/24
[1] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.3.0/24 directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Conclusion :
RIP routing configured successfully. Routers can dynamically exchange routes and reach
each other.

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

LAB 6 : EIGRP Configuration different Autonomous Systems

EIGRP is more intelligent and efficient than RIP because it uses multiple factors to choose
the best path, converges faster, and works better in larger networks.
EIGRP routers must use the same Autonomous System (AS) number to form neighbor
relationships and share routes. When different AS numbers are used, they behave like
separate networks. To allow communication between them, we configure redistribution on
the router that connects both AS domains.
Objective: To configure EIGRP using different AS numbers on different routers and connect
them using redistribution.
Topology: A triangle connection of three routers with city-based hostnames:
- R1 – Medan (AS 100)
- R2 – Lampung (Middle router in both AS 100 and AS 200)
- R3 – Jakarta (AS 200)
Serial connections are set up in clockwise direction:
- R1 ↔ R2 via S0/0
- R2 ↔ R3 via S0/1
Network Topology :

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

IP Addressing Table :
Router Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Network
(Location)
Router0 Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0
(Medan) GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0
Router1
Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0
(Lampung)
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0
Router2 Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0
(Jakarta) GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0
Configuration :
Router0 (Medan – AS 100)
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Medan
Medan(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Medan(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Medan(config-if)#no shutdown
Medan(config-if)#exit
Medan(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Medan(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Medan(config-if)#no shutdown
Medan(config-if)#exit
Medan(config)#router eigrp 100
Medan(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Medan(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Medan(config-router)#no auto-summary
Medan(config-router)#exit

Router1 (Lampung – AS 100& AS 200 with Redistribution)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#Hostname Lampung
Lampung(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config-if)#exit
Lampung(config)#interface Serial0/0/1
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config-if)#exit
Lampung(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config-if)#exit
Lampung(config)#router eigrp 100
Lampung(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Lampung(config-router)#
Lampung(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Lampung(config-router)#no auto-summary

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Lampung(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 200

Lampung(config-router)#exit
Lampung(config)#router eigrp 200
Lampung(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Lampung(config-router)#no auto-summary
Lampung(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100
Lampung(config-router)#exit

Router2 (Jakarta – AS 200)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#Hostname Jakarta
Jakarta(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Jakarta(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Jakarta(config-if)#no shutdown
Jakarta(config-if)#exit
Jakarta#configure terminal
Jakarta(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Jakarta(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Jakarta(config-if)#no shutdown
Jakarta(config-if)#exit
Jakarta(config)#router eigrp 200
Jakarta(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Jakarta(config-router)#
Jakarta(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
Jakarta(config-router)#no auto-summary
Jakarta(config-router)#exit

Verification :
Medan#show ip route
Medan#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
D EX 20.0.0.0/8 [170/7289856] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:53, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2172416] via 10.0.0.2, 00:08:35, Serial0/0/0
D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/7315456] via 10.0.0.2, 00:02:13, Serial0/0/0
Lampung#show ip route
Lampung#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 10.0.0.1, 00:10:12, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/2172416] via 20.0.0.2, 00:03:39, Serial0/0/1
Jakarta#show ip route
Jakarta#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

D EX 10.0.0.0/8 [170/7289856] via 20.0.0.1, 00:05:06, Serial0/0/0

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
D EX 192.168.1.0/24 [170/7315456] via 20.0.0.1, 00:05:06, Serial0/0/0
D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/2195456] via 20.0.0.1, 00:05:06, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
Output :
Medan Router0
#show ip protocols
#show ip eigrp neighbor
#show ip eigrp topology
Medan#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
Redistributing: eigrp 100
EIGRP-IPv4 Protocol for AS(100)
Metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
NSF-aware route hold timer is 240
Router-ID: 10.0.0.1
Topology : 0 (base)
Active Timer: 3 min
Distance: internal 90 external 170

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Maximum path: 4
Maximum hopcount 100
Maximum metric variance 1

Automatic Summarization: disabled

Automatic address summarization:
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.2 90 529645
Distance: internal 90 external 170

Medan#show ip eigrp neighbor

IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 10.0.0.2 Se0/0/0 13 00:17:31 40 1000 0 8

Medan#show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 100/ID(192.168.1.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - Reply status

P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

via Connected, Serial0/0/0
P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 7289856
via Rstatic (7289856/6777856)
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5120
via Connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 10.0.0.2 (2172416/5120), Serial0/0/0
P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 7315456
via Rstatic (7315456/6803456)

Lampung Router1
#show ip protocols
#show ip eigrp neighbor
#show ip eigrp topology
Lampung#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
Redistributing: eigrp 100,
EIGRP-IPv4 Protocol for AS(100)
Metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
NSF-aware route hold timer is 240
Router-ID: 10.0.0.2
Topology : 0 (base)
Active Timer: 3 min
Distance: internal 90 external 170
Maximum path: 4

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Maximum hopcount 100

Maximum metric variance 1

Automatic Summarization: disabled

Automatic address summarization:
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
192.168.2.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.1 90 2091365
Distance: internal 90 external 170

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 200 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
Redistributing: eigrp 200,
EIGRP-IPv4 Protocol for AS(200)
Metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
NSF-aware route hold timer is 240
Router-ID: 10.0.0.2
Topology : 0 (base)
Active Timer: 3 min
Distance: internal 90 external 170
Maximum path: 4
Maximum hopcount 100
Maximum metric variance 1

Automatic Summarization: disabled

Automatic address summarization:
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
20.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
20.0.0.2 90 2467107
Distance: internal 90 external 170

Lampung#show ip eigrp neighbor

IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 10.0.0.1 Se0/0/0 14 00:15:48 40 1000 0 7

IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 200

H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 20.0.0.2 Se0/0/1 14 00:09:32 40 1000 0 8

Lampung#show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 100/ID(192.168.2.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - Reply status

P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

via Connected, Serial0/0/0
P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

via Redistributed (2169856/0)

P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 10.0.0.1 (2172416/5120), Serial0/0/0
P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5120
via Connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via Redistributed (2172416/0)
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 200/ID(192.168.2.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - Reply status

P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

via Redistributed (2169856/0)
P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0/1
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via Redistributed (2172416/0)
P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5120
via Redistributed (5120/0)
P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2172416
via 20.0.0.2 (2172416/5120), Serial0/0/1

Jakarta Router2
#show ip protocols
#show ip eigrp neighbor
#show ip eigrp topology
Jakarta#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 200 "

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
Redistributing: eigrp 200
EIGRP-IPv4 Protocol for AS(200)
Metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
NSF-aware route hold timer is 240
Router-ID: 20.0.0.2
Topology : 0 (base)
Active Timer: 3 min
Distance: internal 90 external 170
Maximum path: 4
Maximum hopcount 100
Maximum metric variance 1

Automatic Summarization: disabled

Automatic address summarization:
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
20.0.0.0
192.168.3.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
20.0.0.1 90 2447991
Distance: internal 90 external 170

Jakarta#show ip eigrp neighbor

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 200

H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 20.0.0.1 Se0/0/0 13 00:07:59 40 1000 0 9

Jakarta#show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 200/ID(192.168.3.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - Reply status

P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 7289856

via Rstatic (7289856/6777856)
P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0/0
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 7315456
via Rstatic (7315456/6803456)
P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2195456
via Rstatic (2195456/28160)
P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 5120
via Connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

- Medan and Lampung form EIGRP neighbors in AS 100

- Lampung and Jakarta form EIGRP neighbors in AS 200
- Routing tables show dynamically learned routes between all networks via redistribution
- Full connectivity is achieved
Conclusion :
EIGRP was configured using different AS numbers with a clockwise serial topology.
Redistribution on the intermediate router allowed dynamic route exchange across both AS
domains, ensuring full communication between all routers.

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LAB 7 : OSPF Configuration

OSPF is a fast and scalable link-state protocol that finds the best path using cost and works
well in large and complex networks.
Objective: Use single-area OSPF.
Single-Area OSPF
All routers are in Area 0 (the backbone area). Best for small to medium networks.
Topology :

IP Address :
Router Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Network
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0
Router0
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0
Router1 Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0
Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 20.0.0.0
Router2
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Configuration :
#Router0
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#Router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#exit
#Router1
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#Router ospf 2
Router(config-router)#Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#Network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#exit
#Router2
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router(config)#Router ospf 3
Router(config-router)#Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#Network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 Area 0
Router(config-router)#exit

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Verification :
Router0
#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:07:38, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:08:49, Serial0/0/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/129] via 10.0.0.2, 00:05:20, Serial0/0/0

Router#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.1.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.1 110 00:09:38
192.168.2.1 110 00:05:57
192.168.3.1 110 00:05:30
Distance: (default is 110)

Router1
#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 10.0.0.1, 00:11:17, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 20.0.0.2, 00:07:08, Serial0/0/1

Router#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 2"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.2.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.1 110 00:11:22
192.168.2.1 110 00:07:42
192.168.3.1 110 00:07:15
Distance: (default is 110)

Router2
#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 20.0.0.1, 00:08:27, Serial0/0/0

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/129] via 20.0.0.1, 00:08:27, Serial0/0/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 20.0.0.1, 00:08:27, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Router#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 3"

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.3.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.1 110 00:12:14
192.168.2.1 110 00:08:34
192.168.3.1 110 00:08:07
Distance: (default is 110)
Output :
Router0
#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Router#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.2.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.0.0.2 Serial0/0/0
Router#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 850 0x80000003 0x007d73 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 629 0x80000005 0x003086 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 602 0x80000003 0x00e8ec 3

Router1
#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Router#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:35 20.0.0.2 Serial0/0/1
Router#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.2.1) (Process ID 2)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 916 0x80000003 0x007d73 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 696 0x80000005 0x003086 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 669 0x80000003 0x00e8ec 3

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Router2
#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Router#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.2.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 20.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
Router#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.3.1) (Process ID 3)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 992 0x80000003 0x007d73 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 772 0x80000005 0x003086 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 745 0x80000003 0x00e8ec 3

PCs on different networks can ping each other

44
 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Conclusions :
OSPF was configured successfully in Single Area (Area 0). Routers exchanged routing
information dynamically and full connectivity was achieved.

45
 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

LAB 8 :Multi-Area OSPF Configuration

Objective: To configure OSPF with multiple areas across three routers in different locations:
- Router0 (Medan) – Area 1
- Router1 (Lampung) – Backbone Area 0
- Router2 (Jakarta) – Area 1
Topology :

IP Addressing Table :
Router Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Location
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router0 Medan
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router1 Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Lampung
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router2 Jakarta
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Configuration :
Router0 (Medan – Area 1)
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Medan
Medan(config)#Interface Serial0/0/0
Medan(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Medan(config-if)#no shutdown
Medan(config-if)#exit
Medan(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Medan(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Medan(config-if)#no shutdown
Medan(config-if)#exit
Medan(config)#Router ospf 1
Medan(config-router)#Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 1
Medan(config-router)#Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 Area 1
Medan(config-router)#exit

Router1 (Lampung – Area 0)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Lampung
Lampung(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config-if)#exit
Lampung(config)#Interface Serial0/0/1
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Lampung(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Lampung(config-if)#no shutdown
Lampung(config-if)#exit
Lampung(config)#Router ospf 2
Lampung(config-router)#Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 1
Lampung(config-router)#Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 2
Lampung(config-router)#Network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 Area 0
Lampung(config-router)#exit

Router2 (Jakarta – Area 2)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname Jakarta
Jakarta(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Jakarta(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Jakarta(config-if)#no shutdown
Jakarta(config-if)#exit
Jakarta(config)#Interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Jakarta(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Jakarta(config-if)#no shutdown
Jakarta(config-if)#exit
Jakarta(config)#router ospf 3
Jakarta(config-router)#Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 Area 2
Jakarta(config-router)#Network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 Area 2
Jakarta(config-router)#exit

Note: The backbone area (Area 0) is essential in OSPF for inter-area communication. R1
connects Area 1 (R0 & R2) through Area 0 as the ABR (Area Border Router)

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Verification :
Router0 (Medan - Area 1)
Medan#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:02, Serial0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 10.0.0.2, 00:07:00, Serial0/0/0
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/129] via 10.0.0.2, 00:02:10, Serial0/0/0

Medan#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.1.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.1 110 00:08:11
192.168.2.1 110 00:07:24
Distance: (default is 110)

Router1 (Lampung – Area 0)

#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Lampung#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 10.0.0.1, 00:10:04, Serial0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 20.0.0.2, 00:04:17, Serial0/0/1

Lampung#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 2"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.2.1
Number of areas in this router is 3. 3 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.1 110 00:10:10
192.168.2.1 110 00:09:22
192.168.3.1 110 00:04:26
Distance: (default is 110)

Router2 (Jakarta – Area 2)

#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Jakarta#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 20.0.0.1, 00:06:17, Serial0/0/0

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/129] via 20.0.0.1, 00:06:17, Serial0/0/0
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 20.0.0.1, 00:06:17, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Jakarta#show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 3"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.3.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa

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Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2
192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.2.1 110 00:06:24
192.168.3.1 110 00:06:03
Distance: (default is 110)

Output :
Router0 (Medan – Area 1)
#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Medan#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.2.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39 10.0.0.2 Serial0/0/0
Medan#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 821 0x80000003 0x007d73 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 774 0x80000003 0x003a2f 2

Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 759 0x80000001 0x00abda
20.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 581 0x80000002 0x00e4b8
192.168.3.0 192.168.2.1 471 0x80000003 0x001f24

Router1 (Lampung -Area 0)

#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Lampung#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 10.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:30 20.0.0.2 Serial0/0/1
Lampung#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.2.1) (Process ID 2)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 858 0x80000001 0x00a866 1

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
10.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 854 0x80000001 0x00693f
192.168.1.0 192.168.2.1 854 0x80000002 0x00370f
20.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 666 0x80000003 0x00e2b9

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192.168.3.0 192.168.2.1 556 0x80000004 0x001d25

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 906 0x80000003 0x007d73 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 859 0x80000003 0x003a2f 2

Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 844 0x80000001 0x00abda
20.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 667 0x80000002 0x00e4b8
192.168.3.0 192.168.2.1 556 0x80000003 0x001f24

Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 582 0x80000003 0x006be8 2
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 561 0x80000003 0x00e8ec 3

Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
10.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 854 0x80000001 0x00693f
192.168.1.0 192.168.2.1 854 0x80000002 0x00370f
192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 844 0x80000003 0x00a7dc

Router2 (Jakarta – Area 2)

#show ip ospf neighbor
#show ip ospf database
Jakarta#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.2.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37 20.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0
Jakarta#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.3.1) (Process ID 3)

Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 715 0x80000003 0x006be8 2
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 694 0x80000003 0x00e8ec 3

Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
10.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 987 0x80000001 0x00693f
192.168.1.0 192.168.2.1 987 0x80000002 0x00370f
192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 977 0x80000003 0x00a7dc

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PCs on different networks can ping each other

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Conclusion :
OSPF Multi-Area was successfully configured. Routers in different areas established
neighbor relationships through Area 0, and inter-area routing worked properly.

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LAB 9 : BGP Configuration

BGP is used to connect different networks (like ISPs), making routing decisions based on
policies and paths, ideal for large-scale internet routing.
Objective: Configure BGP between 4 routers, each in its own Autonomous System (AS).
Topology :

IP Addressing Table :
Router Interface IP Address Subnet Mask
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router0
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Serial0/0/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router1 Serial0/0/1 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Serial0/0/0 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router2 Serial0/0/1 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Serial0/0/0 30.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router3
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Configuration :
Each router is in a different AS:
Router0 (AS 100)
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

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Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 100
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-AS 200
Router(config-router)#exit

Router1 (AS 200)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 200
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-AS 100
Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.2 remote-AS 300

Router2 (AS 300)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 300
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.1 remote-AS 200
Router(config-router)#neighbor 30.0.0.2 remote-AS 400
Router(config-router)#exit

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Router3 (AS 400)

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 400
Router(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 30.0.0.1 remote-AS 300
Router(config-router)#exit

Verification :
Router0 (AS 100)
#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
B 20.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00
B 30.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B 192.168.2.0/24 [20/0] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00
B 192.168.3.0/24 [20/0] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00
B 192.168.4.0/24 [20/0] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:00

Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "bgp 100"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
IGP synchronization is disabled
Automatic route summarization is disabled
Neighbor(s):
Address FiltIn FiltOut DistIn DistOut Weight RouteMap
10.0.0.2
Maximum path: 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.2 20 00:00:00

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Distance: external 20 internal 200 local 200

Router1 (AS 200)

#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 20.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
B 30.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:00
B 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:00
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B 192.168.3.0/24 [20/0] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:00
B 192.168.4.0/24 [20/0] via 20.0.0.2, 00:00:00

Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "bgp 200"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
IGP synchronization is disabled
Automatic route summarization is disabled
Neighbor(s):
Address FiltIn FiltOut DistIn DistOut Weight RouteMap
10.0.0.1
20.0.0.2
Maximum path: 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.1 20 00:00:00
20.0.0.2 20 00:00:00
Distance: external 20 internal 200 local 200

Router2 (AS 300)

#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

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P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

B 10.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:00

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 20.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
30.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
L 30.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
B 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:00
B 192.168.2.0/24 [20/0] via 20.0.0.1, 00:00:00
192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.3.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B 192.168.4.0/24 [20/0] via 30.0.0.2, 00:00:00

Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "bgp 300"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
IGP synchronization is disabled
Automatic route summarization is disabled
Neighbor(s):
Address FiltIn FiltOut DistIn DistOut Weight RouteMap
20.0.0.1
30.0.0.2
Maximum path: 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
20.0.0.1 20 00:00:00
30.0.0.2 20 00:00:00
Distance: external 20 internal 200 local 200

Router3 (AS 400)

#show ip route
#show ip protocols
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

B 10.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:00

B 20.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:00
30.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L 30.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
B 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:00
B 192.168.2.0/24 [20/0] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:00
B 192.168.3.0/24 [20/0] via 30.0.0.1, 00:00:00
192.168.4.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

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L 192.168.4.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Router#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "bgp 400"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
IGP synchronization is disabled
Automatic route summarization is disabled
Neighbor(s):
Address FiltIn FiltOut DistIn DistOut Weight RouteMap
30.0.0.1
Maximum path: 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
30.0.0.1 20 00:00:00
Distance: external 20 internal 200 local 200

Output :
Router0 (AS 100)
#show ip bgp summary
#show ip bgp
#show ip bgp neighbor
Router#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.1.1, local AS number 100
BGP table version is 9, main routing table version 6
8 network entries using 1056 bytes of memory
8 path entries using 416 bytes of memory
6/5 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 1012 bytes of memory
4 BGP AS-PATH entries using 96 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 1) using 32 bytes of memory
BGP using 2612 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 7/0 prefixes, 8/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

10.0.0.2 4 200 29 20 9 0 0 00:18:24 4

Router#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 192.168.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 20.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 30.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 300 i
*> 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.2.0/24 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 i
*> 192.168.3.0/24 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 300 i
*> 192.168.4.0/24 10.0.0.2 0 0 0 200 300 400 i

Router#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 10.0.0.2, remote AS 200, external link

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BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.2.1

BGP state = Established, up for 00:18:45
Last read 00:18:45, last write 00:18:45, hold time is 180, keepalive
interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0

Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 3 9
Keepalives: 19 19
Route Refresh: 0 3
Total: 23 32
Default minimum time between advertisements runs is 30 seconds

Router1 (AS 200)

#show ip bgp summary
#show ip bgp
#show ip bgp neighbor
Router#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.2.1, local AS number 200
BGP table version is 10, main routing table version 6
9 network entries using 1188 bytes of memory
9 path entries using 468 bytes of memory
6/4 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 920 bytes of memory
4 BGP AS-PATH entries using 96 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 1) using 32 bytes of memory
BGP using 2704 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 7/0 prefixes, 9/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

10.0.0.1 4 100 25 22 10 0 0 00:20:27 4
20.0.0.2 4 300 23 16 10 0 0 00:14:35 4

Router#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 10, local router ID is 192.168.2.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 10.0.0.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 20.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 20.0.0.2 0 0 0 300 i
*> 30.0.0.0/8 20.0.0.2 0 0 0 300 i
*> 192.168.1.0/24 10.0.0.1 0 0 0 100 i
*> 192.168.2.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.3.0/24 20.0.0.2 0 0 0 300 i
*> 192.168.4.0/24 20.0.0.2 0 0 0 300 400 i

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Router#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 10.0.0.1, remote AS 100, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.1.1
BGP state = Established, up for 00:20:40
Last read 00:20:40, last write 00:20:40, hold time is 180, keepalive
interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0

Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 9 3
Keepalives: 21 21
Route Refresh: 0 1
Total: 31 26
Default minimum time between advertisements runs is 30 seconds

Router2 (AS 300)

#show ip bgp summary
#show ip bgp
#show ip bgp neighbor
Router#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.3.1, local AS number 300
BGP table version is 10, main routing table version 6
9 network entries using 1188 bytes of memory
9 path entries using 468 bytes of memory
6/4 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 920 bytes of memory
4 BGP AS-PATH entries using 96 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 1) using 32 bytes of memory
BGP using 2704 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 7/0 prefixes, 9/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

20.0.0.1 4 200 23 17 10 0 0 00:15:34 4
30.0.0.2 4 400 15 12 10 0 0 00:10:29 4

Router#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 10, local router ID is 192.168.3.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.0.0.0/8 20.0.0.1 0 0 0 200 i
*> 20.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 20.0.0.1 0 0 0 200 i
*> 30.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 30.0.0.2 0 0 0 400 i
*> 192.168.1.0/24 20.0.0.1 0 0 0 200 100 i

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*> 192.168.2.0/24 20.0.0.1 0 0 0 200 i

*> 192.168.3.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.4.0/24 30.0.0.2 0 0 0 400 i

Router#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 20.0.0.1, remote AS 200, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.2.1
BGP state = Established, up for 00:15:49
Last read 00:15:49, last write 00:15:49, hold time is 180, keepalive
interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0

Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 7 6
Keepalives: 16 16
Route Refresh: 0 2
Total: 24 25
Default minimum time between advertisements runs is 30 seconds

Router3 (AS 400)

#show ip bgp summary
#show ip bgp
#show ip bgp neighbor
Router#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.4.1, local AS number 400
BGP table version is 9, main routing table version 6
8 network entries using 1056 bytes of memory
8 path entries using 416 bytes of memory
6/5 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 1012 bytes of memory
4 BGP AS-PATH entries using 96 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 1) using 32 bytes of memory
BGP using 2612 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 7/0 prefixes, 8/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

30.0.0.1 4 300 21 13 9 0 0 00:11:23 4

Router#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 192.168.4.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.0.0.0/8 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 200 i
*> 20.0.0.0/8 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 i
*> 30.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i
* 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 i

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*> 192.168.1.0/24 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 200 100 i

*> 192.168.2.0/24 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 200 i
*> 192.168.3.0/24 30.0.0.1 0 0 0 300 i
*> 192.168.4.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 32768 i

Router#show ip bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 30.0.0.1, remote AS 300, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.3.1
BGP state = Established, up for 00:11:33
Last read 00:11:33, last write 00:11:33, hold time is 180, keepalive
interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0

Sent Rcvd
Opens: 1 1
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 3 8
Keepalives: 12 12
Route Refresh: 0 2
Total: 16 23
Default minimum time between advertisements runs is 30 seconds

PCs on different networks can ping each other

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Conclusion :

BGP was successfully configured between 4 routers, each in a different AS. Each router
shared its local LAN with others, enabling PC-to-PC communication across AS boundaries
using BGP-learned routes.

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 IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS LABS

Overview Table
OSPF OSPF
Feature RIP EIGRP (Single- (Multi- BGP
Area) Area)
Advanced
Distance
Protocol Type Distance Link State Link State Path Vector
Vector
Vector
Medium to Medium to Large Internet,
Small
Use Case Large Cisco- Large Enterprise ISPs, Very
Networks
only Networks Networks Large Nets
Best Path
Bellman- Dijkstra Dijkstra
Algorithm Dual Selection
Ford (SPF) (SPF)
(AS_PATH)
AS-Path,
Hop Count Bandwidth + Cost Cost Policy,
Metric
(Max 15) Delay (Bandwidth) (Bandwidth) Prefix
Length
Convergence
Slow Fast Fast Fast Slow
Speed
Triggered
Routing Periodic
Triggered Triggered Triggered (Event-
Update (30s)
driven)
v1 : No
VLSM Support Yes Yes Yes Yes
v2 : Yes
Vendor All
Cisco Only All Vendors All Vendors All Vendors
Support Vendors
Configuration
Very Easy Easy Moderate Comlex Complex
Ease
Internet-
Small, Fast Cisco- Structured
Enterprise scale
Ideal for Simple only Enterprise
with 1 Area External
LANs Environments Networks
Routing

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Conclusion
In this networking lab, various essential routing protocols and IP address management
techniques were successfully configured and tested in simulated network environments using
Cisco Packet Tracer. The objective of the lab exercises was to gain practical experience with
the configuration and behavior of different types of routing protocols and services, which are
fundamental to modern computer networks.

Through this lab, the following were achieved:

- DHCP using a Server illustrated centralized IP address assignment, allowing end

devices to dynamically receive network configuration.
- DHCP using a Cisco Router showed how routers can also provide DHCP services
when dedicated servers are not available.
- Default Routing demonstrated how to handle unknown destinations by routing them
through a default gateway, ensuring reachability outside local networks.
- Static Routing was used to demonstrate manual path configuration between
networks, ideal for small-scale topologies.
- RIP (v1 and v2) was explored to understand distance-vector routing protocols, their
limitations (such as RIP v1's classful nature), and improvements (such as RIP v2’s
support for subnetting and multicasting).
- EIGRP was configured across multiple Autonomous Systems, providing insight into
Cisco’s advanced distance-vector protocol and its advantages in speed and
convergence.
- OSPF was implemented in both single and multi-area configurations to show how
link-state routing scales well in larger networks with hierarchical design.
- BGP introduced the basics of path vector routing between Autonomous Systems,
simulating inter domain routing similar to what ISPs use.

All configurations were verified through proper connectivity testing (ping, ipconfig, and
routing table inspections), ensuring that networks were fully operational and communicating
as intended.

Overall, this lab enhanced my understanding of how different routing protocols and IP
addressing mechanisms operate, interconnect, and contribute to scalable, dynamic, and
reliable network infrastructures.

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