Networking Basics – Notes
1. What is a Network?
• Definition and purpose of networks.
• Types of networks: LAN, WAN, WLAN, MAN, PAN.
• Network topologies: Star, Bus, Mesh, Hybrid.
2. Network Components
• End devices: PCs, Smartphones, Servers.
• Intermediary devices: Routers, Switches, Access Points, Firewalls.
• Transmission media: Copper cables, Fiber optics, Wireless.
3. Network Addresses
• IP addressing basics: IPv4 and IPv6.
• MAC addresses and their role.
• How addressing enables communication between devices.
4. Network Models
• Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer models.
• OSI model: 7 layers and their functions.
• TCP/IP model basics.
5. Data Transmission
• How data travels in packets.
• Key terms: Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency.
• Switching and routing concepts.
6. Protocols & Services
• Common protocols: HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, DNS, DHCP.
• Understanding ports and services.
• Basics of email protocols: SMTP, POP3, IMAP.
7. Wireless Networking
• Basics of Wi-Fi communication.
• Difference between Access Points and Routers.
• Wireless security: WPA2, WPA3.
8. Network Security Basics
• Types of threats: Malware, Phishing, Unauthorized access.
• Protective tools: Firewalls and Antivirus software.
• Safe online practices.
9. Network Troubleshooting
• Basic commands: ping, ipconfig, tracert.
• Common connectivity issues.
• Introduction to Cisco Packet Tracer for practice.
10. Careers in Networking
• Entry-level roles: Helpdesk, IT Support, Network Technician.
• Pathways: From Networking Basics → CCNA → Cybersecurity.
