Lecture Notes
Topic: Fundamentals of Genetics
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
• Define and explain key concepts
• Analyze examples and case studies
• Apply theoretical knowledge to solve problems
Overview
Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited traits. It explains how traits are passed
from parents to offspring through genes.
Key Terms
Term Definition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.
Allele Different forms of a gene that can result in different traits.
Mendelian Inheritance The set of principles explaining how traits are inherited, discovered by Gregor Mende
Worked Example / Case Study
Worked Example: Predicting the probability of offspring inheriting a recessive disorder using a Punnett
square when both parents are carriers.
Conceptual Diagram
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■ Input ■ → ■ Process/Logic■ → ■ Output/Result ■
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Practice Problems
1. Define two of the key terms in your own words and give real-world examples.
2. Summarize the case study in three bullet points.
3. Identify one current event related to this topic and explain its relevance.
Summary
This lecture on fundamentals of genetics provided key concepts, examples, and exercises. Use the
references below to explore further.
Further Reading
• Benjamin Pierce, *Genetics: A Conceptual Approach*, Macmillan, 2023.
• National Human Genome Research Institute: https://www.genome.gov
