Lecture Notes
Topic: Introduction to Psychology
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
• Define and explain key concepts
• Analyze examples and case studies
• Apply theoretical knowledge to solve problems
Overview
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It explores perception, cognition,
emotion, motivation, brain function, and personality.
Key Terms
Term Definition
Classical Conditioning Learning through association, as demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs.
Cognitive Dissonance The mental discomfort experienced when holding contradictory beliefs.
Maslow's Hierarchy A theory of human motivation arranged in a pyramid from basic needs to self-actualiz
Worked Example / Case Study
Example: A study on reinforcement shows that students rewarded for participation engage more in
class discussions, demonstrating operant conditioning principles.
Conceptual Diagram
■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■ Input ■ → ■ Process/Logic■ → ■ Output/Result ■
■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
Practice Problems
1. Define two of the key terms in your own words and give real-world examples.
2. Summarize the case study in three bullet points.
3. Identify one current event related to this topic and explain its relevance.
Summary
This lecture on introduction to psychology provided key concepts, examples, and exercises. Use the
references below to explore further.
Further Reading
• David Myers, *Psychology*, Worth Publishers, 2022.
• American Psychological Association: https://www.apa.org
