CH- 5 STRINGS IN PYTHON
WHAT ARE STRINGS?
Strings are any sequence of characters which are enclosed within a single or double
quotes.
For Example:
a = “Python”
b = “55”
How to represent or Traverse a String ?
a = “Python” Index values
0 1 2 3 4 5
P Y T H O N
a [0] = P
a[1] = Y
a[5] = N
Note: Each character in a string has an index value, and index value will always start
from zero.
String A P Y T H O N
Positive Index 0 1 2 3 4 5
Negative Index -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
For Example:
print(a[-3]) H
String operations:
Concatenation (+) : refers to create a new string by adding 2 strings.
“computer” + “science” = computerscience
“5” + “6” = 56
7 + 8 = 15
“python” + 5 = Error (because str cannot be added to int)
6 + “7” = Error (because string cannot be added to int)
Replication or Repetition ( * ) : creates a new string by multiplying the given string.
2 * “Maths” : Maths Maths
“comp” * 3 : compcompcomp
5 * 5 : 25
“com” * “2” : Error( two string can’t be multiplied )
String Slicing ( : ) It is used to retrieve a subset of values or it is substring of given
string.
Syntax: String_name[start : end]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
C O M P U T E
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
print( a[2:6])
output: MPUT
print(a[1:6:2])
OUTPUT: OPT
print( a[ : 3])
OUTPUT: COM
print( a[3:])
OUTPUT: PUTE
print(a[-3:])
OUTPUT: UTE
print( a[ : ] )
OUTPUT: COMPUTE
Membership Operator
1. in : it returns true if character is present in the string.
2. not In: it returns true if character is not present in the string.
Ex:
“H” in “Hello”
True
“G” in “Python”
False
“F” not in “Python”
True
“H” not in “Hello”
False
Comparison Operator: <, >, <= ,>= ,= = , !=
Strings are compared using ASCII value.
ASCII values
A = 65
B =66
a = 97
b= 98
Examples:
“A” < “a”
True
“Bat” > “Boy”
False
String Functions:
# String Fucntions
s = "python"
s1= "563”
print(len(s))
Output: 6
#returns the length of a given string
print(s.capitalize())
Output: Python
#capitalize converts the first letter in uppercase
print(s.upper())
Output:PYTHON
# converts the string into uppercase
print(s.isupper())
Output:False
# it returns the boolean value (true) if the string is
in uppercase
print(s.lower())
Output:python
# converts the string into lower case
print(s.islower())
Output:True
# it returns the boolean value (true) if the string is
in lowercase
print(s1.isdigit()
Output:True
# returns True if all the characters are digits.
print(s1.isalnum())
Output:False
# returns True if all the charcaters are alphanumeric
print(s.isalpha())
Output:True
# returns True if all the characters are aplhabet(a-z)
split(): it breaks the string at the specified seperator,if the seperator is not spe
cified space is used for seperator.
For ex:
s = "informatics;practices;python"
print(s)
print(s.split(“;”))
output:
informatics; practices; python
['informatics', 'practices', 'python']
Q WAP to write the word “hello” letter by letter.
sol: s = "hello"
for i in s:
print(i)
Q WAP to input a string and count the number of vowels.
sol:
s = input("enter string")
c=0
for i in s:
if i in('a','e','i','o','u'):
c=c+1
print("total vowels are " , c)
Q To input a string and count the number of words.
s = input("Enter string")
a = s.split()
c=0
for i in a:
c=c+1
print("total words " , c)
Q To input a sentence and a string which you want to count how many times a
substring appears in the sentence.
For ex: s = Computer is a device computer is hardware component.
s1 = computer
sol:
s = input("enter string")
s1 = input("enter string which u want to search")
a= s.split()
c=0
print(s)
print(a)
for i in a:
if s1==i:
c=c+1
print("total number of times word appears ", c)
Q WAP to input a string and remove vowels from it.
sol:s= input("enter string")
s1=""
for i in s:
if i not in('a','e','i','o','u'):
s1=s1+i
print("after removing vowels " , s1)
Q WAP to input a string and then prints a string that capitalizes every other letter
in the string.
For ex: school output sChOoL
sol:
s= input("enter string")
s1=""
for i in range(len(s)):
if i%2==0:
s1 = s1+s[i]
else:
s1 = s1+s[i].upper()
print("new string ", s1)
Q Consider the string str=”Green Revolution”. Write statements to implement the
following:
a. To display last four characters.
b. To repeat the string 3 times.
c.To display the starting index for the substring ‘vo’.
d. To check whether the string contains ‘vol’ or not.
