2023-2024
IT Department
Shekhan Technical Institute
Duhok Polytechnic University
Network I
Computer Networks Types
Mr. Awf Abdulrahman
Week 2, 2024
Computer Networks Types:
1- A local area network (LAN) is a that interconnects
computers in a limited area such as a home, school,
computer laboratory, or office building using network
media.
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Local Area Network (LAN)
local area network (LAN)
• Local Area Network is a group of computers connected
to each other in a small area such as building, office.
• LAN is used for connecting two or more personal
computers through a communication medium such as
twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
• It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware
such as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables.
• The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in
Local Area Network.
• Local Area Network provides higher security.
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Computer Networks Types:
2- A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): is a network that
interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or
region larger than that covered by even a large local area network
(LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network
(WAN). An example of this type of networks is city network
(Shekhan city).
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
• A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger
geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a
larger network.
• Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and
private industries.
• In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a
telephone exchange line.
• The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame
Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
• It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).
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Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network:
• MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.
• It can be used in an Airline Reservation.
• It can be used in a college within a city.
• It can also be used for communication in the military.
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Computer Networks Types:
3- A Wide Area Network (WAN): spans a large geographic area,
such as a state, province or country. WANs often connect multiple
smaller networks, such as Local Area Networks (LANs) or metro
area networks (MANs). Internet network is the best example for
WANs.
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
Examples Of Wide Area Network:
• Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a
region or country.
• Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet
services to the customers in hundreds of cities by connecting their
home with fiber.
• Private network: A bank provides a private network that
connects the their offices. This network is made by using the
telephone leased line provided by the telecom company.
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Advantages Of Wide Area Network:
• Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large
geographical area. Centralized data: In case of WAN network,
data is centralized. Therefore, we do not need to buy the emails,
files or back up servers.
• Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server.
Therefore, the programmers get the updated files within seconds.
• Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are
transmitted fast. The web application like Facebook, Whatsapp,
Skype allows you to communicate with friends.
• Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network, we can
share the software and other resources like a hard drive, RAM.
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Advantages Of Wide Area Network:
• Global business: We can do the business over the internet
globally.
• Connectivity Across Distances: WANs enable communication
and data transfer over long distances
• Centralized Resources: WANs allow centralized control
and management of resources such as servers, databases,
and applications.
•
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disadvantages Of Wide Area Network:
• Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as
compared to LAN and MAN network as all the technologies are
combined together that creates the security problem.
• Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is transferred on
the internet which can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so
the firewall needs to be used
• High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is
high as it involves the purchasing of routers, switches.
• Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the
problem is difficult.
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disadvantages Of Wide Area Network:
• Technical Complexity: WANs are inherently more complex than
Local Area Networks (LANs) due to their geographical scope.
Configuring and managing a WAN may require specialized skills.
• Data Transmission Delays: The physical distance
between network endpoints in a WAN can introduce latency
(delay) in data transmission.
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS: terms
➢ Data Communications:
The transfer of digital data between devices through a
network or communication medium.
➢ Protocol:
A set of rules and conventions governing how data is
transmitted and received over a network.
➢ Network:
A collection of interconnected devices, such as
computers or other hardware, that can communicate and
share resources.
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS: terms
➢ Bandwidth:
The maximum rate of data transfer across a network,
typically measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per
second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits
per second (Gbps).
➢ Latency:
The time delay between the transmission and reception
of data in a network.
➢ Router:
A network device that directs data traffic between
different networks, making decisions based on the
destination IP address.
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS: terms
➢ Switch:
A network device that connects multiple devices within
the same local network, forwarding data only to the
specific device it is intended for.
➢ Hub:
A basic networking device that connects multiple
devices in a network. Unlike a switch, a hub broadcasts
data to all connected devices.
➢ Modem:
A device that modulates and demodulates analog signals
to enable the transmission of digital data over analog
communication lines, such as telephone lines.
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS: terms
➢ Firewall:
A security device or software that monitors and controls
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules.
➢IP Address:
A numerical label assigned to each device
connected to a computer network that uses the
Internet Protocol (IP) for communication.
➢DNS (Domain Name System):
A system that translates domain names into IP
addresses.
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Figure 1 Five components of data communication
Sources Destination
1. Message: The information (data) to be communicated.
2. Sender: The device that sends the data message.
3. Receiver: The device that receives the message.
4. Transmission medium: The physical path by which a message travels.
5. Protocol: A set of rules (agreement) that govern data communications.
“Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating”
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The effectiveness of a data communications system
Sources Destination
- depends on three characteristics:
1. Delivery: delivering data to the correct and only intended destination.
2. Accuracy: delivering data accurately. altered data and left uncorrected are unusable.
3. Timeliness: delivering data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless.
- video and audio delivered as they are produced, without significant delay.
- This delivery is called real-time transmission.
- Sending SMS messages……..
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DATA FLOW
Transmission Mode is a term used to define the direction of signals flow
between two linked devices.
There are three types of transmission modes:
1- Simplex:
In this mode, only one of the two devices on a link can transmit, the
other can only receive. For example, T.V
DATA FLOW
2- Half Duplex:
In half duplex mode. Each station can transmit and receive, but not at
the same time. For example, Walky talky
3- Full Duplex:
in full duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously(at
the same time). For example, Telephone.
