r2

r1 x1 s x2

V1 I1 xm I2 V2

3.3 single case system

V1  (r1  jx1  jxm )I1  jxm I 2 (3.7)

r
V2   jxm I1  ( 2  jx2  jxm ) I 2 (3.8)
s
(3.7)
V1  jxm I 2 V r  j ( x1  xm )V1  jr1 xm I 2  xm ( x1  xm )I 2
I1   11 (3.9)
r1  j ( x1  xm ) r12  ( x1  xm )2
here、 I 2 of I 2d 、 I 2q
V1r1  j ( x1  xm )V1  jr1 xm I 2 d  r1 xm I 2 q  xm ( x1  xm ) I 2 d  jxm ( x1  xm )I 2 q
I1 
r12  ( x1  xm )2
(3.10)
(3.10)
V1r1  r1 xm I i 2  xm ( x1  xm ) I r 2
Re  I1   I r1  I1d  (3.11)
r12  ( x1  xm )2
( x1  xm )V1  r1 xm I r 2  xm ( x1  xm ) Ii 2
Im  I1   Ii1  I1q  (3.12)
r12  ( x1  xm )2

from (3.13), (3.11)、(3.12)

r1 , x1 xm (3.13)
here (3.14)、(3.15)
I1d  I 2 d (3.14)
I1q  I 2q (3.15)

(3.7)
 V1  r1  j ( x1  xm ) I1 V1   r1  jx1  jxm  I1   jxm  jV1  ( jr1  x1  xm ) I1
I2   
jxm xm2 xm
(3.16)
(3.8)
r2  r2 
V2  (  jx2  jxm ) I 2 jV2    j  x2  xm  I 2
I1  s   s  (3.17)
jxm xm
(3.17)
 r 
jV2    j 2  x2  xm  I 2
jV1  ( jr1  x1  xm )  s 
xm
I2 
xm
 r 
jxmV1  (r1  jx1  jxm )V2  ( jr1  x1  xm )   j 2  x2  xm  I 2
  s  (3.18)
2
xm
(3.18)
  jr2  
   s  x2  xm    jr1  x1  xm   jxmV1  (r1  jx1  jxm )V2
 
1  2  I2 
 xm  xm2
 

 jxmV1  (r1  jx1  jxm )V2   r1sr2  x1x2  x2 xm  x1xm   j  r2sx1  r2sxm  x2r1  r1xm 
I2   
2 2
 r1r2  r x r x 
  x1 x2  x2 xm  x1 xm    2 1  2 m  x2 r1  r1 xm 
 s   s s 
(3.19)

r  r
  
 
xmV1  2  x1  xm   r1  x2  xm    2 r12   x1  xm   r1 xm2  Vr 2   r12  x12   x2  xm   2 x1 x2 xm  xm2  x1  x2  Vi 2
 s   s
2


Re  I 2   I r 2  I 2 d  2 2
 r1r2   r2 
  x1 x2  x2 xm  x1 xm     x1  xm   r1  x2  xm 
 s  s 
(3.20)
 rr  r
  
 
xmV1  1 2  x1 x2  x2 xm  x1 xm    2 r12   x1  xm   r1 xm2  Vi 2   r12  x12   x2  xm   2 x1 x2 xm  xm2  x1  x2  Vr 2
 s   s
2


Im  I 2   I i 2  I 2 q  2 2
 r1r2   r2 
  x1 x2  x2 xm  x1 xm     x1  xm   r1  x2  xm  
 s  s 
(3.21)

(3.20)、(3.21)
r1 , x1 , r2 , x2 xm (3.22)
here (3.23)、(3.24)
I 2d  V2q (3.23)
I 2q  V2d (3.24)

from equation(3.25) (3.26)、(3.27)

P  V1  I1
*
(3.25)
 V1r1  r1 xm I i 2  xm ( x1  xm ) I r 2
P1  V1  I r1  V1 (3.26)
r12  ( x1  xm )2
( x1  xm )V1  r1 xm I r 2  xm ( x1  xm ) I i 2
Q1  V1  Ii1  V1 (3.27)
r12  ( x1  xm )2

from(3.14)、(3.15), (3.23)、(3.24), (3.26)、(3.27)

P1  I r 2  Vi 2 （ P  I 2d  V2q ） (3.28)
Q1  I i 2  Vr 2 （ Q  I 2q  V2d ） (3.29)

 
 cos( ) sin( ) 1
a    d 
 b    cos(  2  ) sin(  2  ) 1   q  (3.30)
   3 3   
 c     0 
cos(  2  ) sin(  2  ) 1
 3 3 

 2 2 
cos( ) cos(  3  ) cos(  3  ) 
d    a 
 q   2  sin( ) sin(  2  ) sin(  2  )    b 
  3 3 3   
 0     c 
 1 1 1 
 2 2 2 

Vtref +
PI1
-
Vt
Ied - + Ved
dq PI3 dq
Iea,b,c PWM VSC
abc Ieq + PI4 abc (S1～S6)
- Veq

Vdcref + PI2
- Vea,b,c PLL θt
Vdc

Fig. 2. Control block of Bi-directional Voltage Source

Converter
 Carrier A GTO
wave
Gate Signal
+1
+ B
Pref
- PI
-1 comparator
A>B→0
P A<B→1

Fig. 1. Control block of Buck converter

1
e0 eS 2
TC
e0
ｔ1 C

e0(t1) ES
θ(=ωt) ｔ

A B eS
+E/2 +E/2
v 0 θ(=ωt) v 0 ｔ
－E/2 －E/2

PWM control

Voltage Source Converter DC-DC chopper using IGBT

using IGBT Ics

GTO1
Pe S1 S2 S3
G1 D1
a Ism
Vea Iea
b Vdc
Veb Ieb
c + Vsm -
Vec Iec
D2 G2
S4 S5 S6
GTO2

Fig. 3. The configuration of SMES unit

Voltage Source Converter

using IGBT Ics DC-DC chopper using IGBT

GTO1
3 AC S1 S2 S3 D1
from Wind Generator, S1
terminal bus

Y/ Ism
Transformer Vdc
66/0.77[kV]
+ Vsm -

D2 S2
S4 S5 S6
GTO2

Fig. 3. The configuration of SMES

unit
(2) DC-Link

Inverter Side Converter Side

I DI I DC
(Rotor Circuit Side) (Stator Circuit Side)
I

Pr E DC PDC

Fig 3.7 DC link

Using PDC、Pr、EDC。
From Fig 3.7 DC
I  I DC  I DI (3.46)
PDC  EDC I DC (3.47)
Pr  EDC I DI (3.48)

from eq. (3.47)&(3.48)the current of eq. (3.46)can be calculated by

PDC  Pr
I (3.49)
EDC

The Dc link voltage EDC can be expressed as

1
C
EDC  Idt (3.50)

eq. (3.49)& (3.50) can be expressed by fig 3.8 1

C

＋
PDC ÷  × EDC
－
Pr

3.8 Dc voltage Edc calculation

 V2 d ,V2 q

Generator
dq→abc
Output
Controller
I 2d  sr
abc→dq
I 2q K l1 Kl 2 V2q
P K P1  KP2 
s s
Phase
＋ S Detection Pref
 sr
PLL K l1 Kl 2 V2 d 
－ K P1  KP2 
∫ Q
r s s
Qref
FWG

Fig3.5

Vcd ,Vcq
PDC , QDC Transformer
Exciting
Power
Controller
 Phase
I cd abc→dq 6 Detection
dq→abc
EDC I cq － S
PLL
Vcd  Vcq Kl 4 Kl 3
＋
KP4  K P3 
s s EDC
E DC 
Kl 4 Kl 3
KP4  K P3 
s s QDC
QDC

Fig. 6 VSC control

Network
 Inverter Converter

Pr , Qr SP5 SP3 SP1 SP7 SP9 SP11 PDC , QDC Transformer

EDC

SP6 SP4 SP2 SP8 SP10 SP12

abc→dq abc→dq

Switching Switching
I 2d I 2q Pulses(SP)1~6 Pulses(SP)7~12 I cd I cq
PWM PWM
Comparator
Pulse Carrier Comparator
Pulse
Generation Wave Generation

Generator Output V 
2d dq→abc abc←dq Vcq Exciting Power EDC
Controller (Fig. Signal Signal Controller (Fig.
V2q Wave Wave Vcd 
QDC
3.4) 3.9)
 sr Phase
r － ＋ S Detection
S ＋ － 
∫ PLL 6

WG
Networ
Fig, complete
k
 

Yes
  0.75 sw  0
No
Control system A 1 Yes
(Discharge mode)   1.25 sw  1
No
PM'
Yes
Control system B Rate Limiter Z 1 ( sw)  1 sw  1
(Charge mode) 0 (±0.15/s) No
sw  0

Switching signal
R

Yes
ω<0.8 PM'=0.0

No
Ave(2)

Yes
Ave(2)≥40 PM'=0.8

No

Yes Yes
ω<1.2 30≤Ave(2)≤40 PM'=0.6

No No
Yes
Ave(2)≤30 PM'=0.3

Yes PM'=α
Z 1(PM )  
(α=0.3 or 0.6 or 0.8)
No
PM'=0.0

PM'：Reference of active power

5.6 Control system

Rotor Speed(ωR) + en
Ke
- Fuzzy Rn +
Logic KR R
+ Δen Controller +
K e
ωM - Z 1
(=1.04403065) Z 1