Math Syllabus Notes
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anonymoushelper00001Math Syllabus Notes
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anonymoushelper00001Chapter: Arithmetic Progressions (AP)
• What is an Arithmetic Progression (AP)?
o A sequence of numbers in which the difference between consecutive terms is
constant.
o Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 → Common difference (d) = 2.
Common Types of Questions
1. Find the nth term
2. Find the sum of first n terms
3. Find the number of terms when first term, common difference & last term are known
4. Word problems related to salary increments, patterns, etc.
• Things to Remember
o If common difference is positive → AP increases
o If common difference is negative → AP decreases
o When solving word problems, first extract a, d, and required n or l.
Quick Formula Sheet
Chapter: Polynomials
• What is a Polynomial?
o An expression of the form:
Chapter: Coordinate Geometry
• What is Coordinate Geometry?
o A branch of math where we study geometry using algebraic methods and the
concept of coordinates.
o Position of any point is determined by an ordered pair:
Chapter: Real Numbers (Number Systems)
Common Question Types
• Use Euclid’s algorithm to find HCF.
• Prime factorization questions.
• Prove irrationality.
• Express numbers as product of prime factors.
• Determine if decimal expansion is terminating or non-terminating.
Chapter: Circles
What is a Circle?
o A circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance
(radius) from a fixed point (centre).
Key Terms & Concepts
1. Secant
o A line that intersects the circle at two points.
2. Tangent
o A line that touches the circle at exactly one point.
o This point is called the point of contact.
3. Properties of Tangent
o A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
Common Question Types
• Draw tangents to a circle from an external point and prove their lengths are equal.
• Find length of tangents when distance of external point from center is given.
• Prove line is tangent to circle.
Super Quick Revision Statements
• Tangent ⊥ Radius at point of contact.
• Tangents from an external point are always equal in length.
• No tangent possible from a point inside the circle.
Chapter: Triangles (Similarity)
Basic Concepts
• Congruent Figures: Same shape & size.
• Similar Figures: Same shape but size may differ.
• All congruent figures are similar, but similar figures may not be congruent.
Conditions for Similarity of Triangles
Two triangles are similar if:
1. AAA (Angle-Angle-Angle) Criterion
o If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle →
triangles are similar.
2. SSS (Side-Side-Side) Criterion
o If the corresponding sides of two triangles are in the same ratio, the triangles are
similar.
3. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Criterion
o If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides
including these angles are in the same ratio, the triangles are similar.
Important Results
1. Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT) / Thales Theorem
o If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides,
it divides the two sides in the same ratio.
o Converse is also true.
o Formula:
Common Question Types
• Proving triangles similar using AAA, SAS, or SSS.
• Applying BPT to find missing lengths.
• Finding area ratio of similar triangles.
• Application of Pythagoras Theorem.
• MCQs based on properties.
Quick Formula Sheet
Chapter: Introduction to Trigonometry
Basic Definitions
• Trigonometry = Measurement of triangles.
• Applicable only in right-angled triangles.
Trigonometric Ratios
For a right-angled triangle with angle θ:
Applications
• Find unknown sides and angles.
• Height and Distance problems (You’ll use this in the next chapter!)
Common Question Types
• Find missing trigonometric ratios.
• Simplify expressions using identities.
• Solve equations involving sinθ, cosθ, tanθ.
• Direct value-based questions from the standard table.
Last Minute Hack
If you forget the trigonometric table, use this trick: Write 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 → Divide by 4 → Take
square root → You get sin θ For cos θ → write in reverse.
Chapter: Applications of Trigonometry
Key Terms
• Line of Sight: Line drawn from the observer’s eye to the object being observed.
• Angle of Elevation: Angle between the horizontal and the line of sight when looking up.
• Angle of Depression: Angle between the horizontal and the line of sight when looking
down.
What You Need To Know
• You’ll mostly deal with right-angled triangles.
• Use the following ratios:
Common Situations
• Finding the height of a tower/pole/building.
• Finding the distance between an observer and an object.
• Angle of depression when observer is at a height.
Chapter: Statistics
What is Statistics?
It’s the study of data collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation.
In this chapter, you focus on:
• Mean
• Median
• Mode (for Grouped Data)
• Cumulative Frequency & Ogives
Mean of Grouped Data
Formula (Direct Method):
Chapter: Probability
Basic Terms
• Experiment: Any action that has uncertain results.
• Outcome: Result of an experiment.
• Sample Space (S): Set of all possible outcomes.
• Event: A subset of the sample space.
• Favourable Outcomes: Outcomes which make the event happen.
Probability Formula
For a random experiment:
Chapter: Quadratic Equations
What is a Quadratic Equation?
Any equation of the form:
Chapter: Mensuration
Chapter: Pair of Linear Equations in Two
Variables
