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LESSON 4: THE CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE AND LATE EIGHT DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS THAT ENABLE
ADOLESCENCE. ADOLECENTS TO CREATE AN IDENTITY
ADOLESCECE (12 – 13 Years old) are 1. Achieving new and more mature relations with
experiencing all kinds of new changes in their bodies and in others, both boys and girls, in their age group.
their feelings. As well, they often encounter challenges Adolescents learn through experimentations to interact
such as struggling to leave behind their childhood and with others in more adult ways.
become adults. 2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
Male (Assertive & Strong) Female (Passive & Weak).
CHALLENGES OF ADOLESCENT. Adolescents conform to the sex roles of our cultural view of
Mnemonics use: CHABIOCOGNIPSYCH characteristics. We need to encourage males to express
Geldard and Geldard (2006) explain that their feelings and encourage females to assert themselves
adolescence is a time in a young person’s life where they move more than they have in the past.
from dependency on their parents to independence, autonomy 3. Accepting one’s physique.
and maturity. The beginning of puberty and the rate of body changes for
BIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES. adolescents varies tremendously.
Adolescence begins with the first well – defined 4. Achieving emotional independence from parents
maturation event called puberty. Included in the biological and other adults.
challenges are the changes that occur due to the release of the Children derive strength from internalizing their parents’
sexual hormones that affect emotions. values and attitudes. However, must redefine sources of
COGNITIVE CHALLENGES. personal strength and move toward self-reliance.
5. Preparing for marriage and family life.
Jean Piaget cognitive development theory.
Sexual maturation is the basis for this developmental task.
SCHEMATA – Basic units of the intellect.
Achievement of this developmental task is difficult because
ASSIMILATION – Taking in new information that easily fits.
adolescents often confuse sexual feelings with genuine
ACCOMODATION – Deal with knowledge from environment by
intimacy.
changing our own structures.
6. Preparing for an economic career.
In our society, an adolescent reaches adult status when he
or she is able to financially support himself or herself.
7. Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as
a guide to behaviour developing an ideology.
Adolescent is able to develop his or her own set of values
and beliefs.
8. Desiring and achieving socially responsible
behaviour.
The family is where children define themselves and their
world. Adolescents define themselves and their world from
their new social role.
LESSON 5: COPING WITH STRESS IN MIDDLE AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES.
LATE ADOLESCENCE.
The adolescent must cope with are moving from
childhood to adulthood. A new person is emerging, where rules
will change, maybe more responsibilities will be placed on
him/her so that a certain standard of behaviour is now required
to be maintained. ACCOUNTABILITY is becoming an
expectation from both a parental and legal concept.

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What determines your ability to manage stress?
Were all different. Some people seem to be able to
roll with life’s punches, while others tend to crumble in
the face of far smaller obstacles or frustrations.
Factors that influence your stress tolerance.
✔ Your support network.
✔ Your exercise level.
✔ Your diet.
✔ Your sense of control.
✔ Your attitudes and outlook.
✔ Your ability to deal with your emotions.
Some things that can help keep stress under
control.
solve the be
(GOOD) Social Engagement – our most evolved strategy for little realistic.
problems Don't try
keeping ourselves feeling calm and safe.
(BETTER) Mobilization – known as “Fight – or – Flight”
response. It releases chemicals to provide the energy you need watch what get a good
you're night's sleep.
to protect yourself. thinking

(BEST) Immobilization – the least evolved response to stress

and used by the body only when social engagement and treat learn to
mobilization failed. your relax.
body
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS:
If you want to build your resilience, work on
developing these attitudes and behaviours.
✔ Think of change as challenging and normal part of life.
✔ See setbacks and problems as temporary and solvable.
✔ Believe that you will succeed if you keep working
toward your goals.
✔ Take action to solve problems that crop up.
✔ Build strong relationships and keep commitments to
family and friends.
THE CAUSES OF STRESS: ✔ Have a support system and ask for help.
Isolation & Stress. Best defence against stress, isolation or a ✔ Participate regularly in activities for relaxations and fun.
lack of positive, consistent human interaction can be both a ✔ Learn to think of challenges as opportunities and
stressor in itself.
stressors as temporary problems, not disasters.
✔ Practice solving problems and asking others for help
and guidance rather than complaining and letting stress
build.
✔ Make goals and keep track of your progress.
✔ Make time for relaxation.

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✔ Be optimistic. Believe in yourself.

✔ Be sure to breathe. And let a little stress motivate you What is Mind – Mapping?
into positive action to reach your goals. This approach can result to a quicker note taking,
LESSON 6: THE POWERS OF THE MIND highlights key ideas and gets rid of the irrelevant; it helps to
quickly gather, review and recall large amount of information.

LESSON 7: MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL – BEING AND

LATE ADOLESCENCE.

MENTAL HEALTH.
“Emotional, behavioural, and social maturity or
normality; the absence of a mental or behavioural
disorder; a state of psychological well-being in which
one has achieved a satisfactory integration of one’s
instinctual drives acceptable to both oneself and one’s
social milleu; an appropriate balance of love, work,
and leisure pursuits.” --Medilexicon’s Medical Dictionary.
“A state of well-being in which the individual realizes
his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully,
and is able to make a contribution to his or her
community.” –World Health Organization (WHO).

TEN THINGS YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR MENTAL

HEALTH YOU ARE HERE.
1. Value yourself.
1950 – Roger W. Sperry. Discovered the brain dominant 2. Take care of your body.
theory. The left and right hemisphere. Left brain, verbal and 3. Surround yourself with good people.
analytical. Right brain, non-verbal and intuitive, using 4. Give yourself.
pictures rather than words. 5. Learn how to deal with stress.
6. Quiet your mind.
7. Set realistic goals.
8. Break up the monotony.
9. Avoid alcohol and other drugs.
10. Get help when you need it.

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TEEN PERSONALITY DISORDER.

Have a rigid, unhealthy way of thinking, behaving, and
relating to people and situations, including themselves. These
teen’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are eccentric from
social expectations and appropriateness and because of that,
often cause friction and limitations in relationships as
responsibilities.
● Borderline Personality Disorder
● Narcissistic Personality Disorder
● Dependent Personality Disorder
● Paranoid Personality Disorder
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Anxiety Disorder (Panic Disorder).

People with anxiety disorders respond to certain
objects or situations with fear and dread, as well as with
physical signs of anxiety or panic, such as a rapid
heartbeat and sweating.

Mood Disorder (Affective Disorder).

Involve persistent feelings of sadness or periods of
feeling overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme
happiness to extreme sadness.

Psychotic Disorder.
Involve distorted awareness and thinking.
Hallucination is experience of images or sounds that are
not real. Delusions which are false fixed beliefs that the ill
person accepts as true.

Eating Disorder.
Involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and
behaviours involving weight and food. Anorexia
Nervosa is fear of being fat. Bulimia Nervosa which
person is eat a large amount of food and after that he/she
vomiting it.

Impulse Control & Addiction Disorder.

Unable to resist urges, or impulses, to perform acts
that could be harmful to themselves or others.
Pyromania(Starting Fire) & Kleptomania(Stealing).
Trivia, Gambling is part of Impulse Control & Addiction
Disorder.

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Personality Disorder. Tic Disorder.

Extreme & inflexible personality traits that are distressing Make sounds or display body movements that are
to the person and/or cause problems in work, school, or social repeated, quick, sudden, and/or uncontrollable.
relationships. Sounds that are made involuntarily are called vocal tics.
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.
Constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform
certain rituals or routines. Disturbing thoughts are called
Obsessions, and the Rituals are called Compulsions.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying
event such a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death
of loved one, or a natural disaster.
Stress Response Syndromes (Adjustment Disorder).
Occur when a person develops emotional or
behavioural symptoms in response to a stressful event or
situation.
Dissociative Disorder.
Suffer severe disturbance or changes in memory,
consciousness, identity and general awareness.
Amnesia – individual forgets temporarily. He/she remain in a
amnesia for a few minutes, for hours, or for days.
Fugue – loss of identity continues for a long period of time.
Multiple Personality – loss of the original identity is replaced
by two or more self-systems which apparently function
independently.
Factitious Disorder.
A person knowingly & intentionally creates or
complains of physical and/or emotional symptoms in order to
place the individual in the role of a patient or a person in need
of help.
Sexual & Gender Disorder.
These includes that affect sexual desire, performance,
and behaviour. Sexual dysfunction, gender identity disorder.
Necrophilia – Dead Bodies.
Pedophilia – Old man to Young Men.
Zoophilia – Animals

Somatic Symptom Disorder (Psychosomatic

Disorder).
Experiences physical and emotional symptoms of an
illness or of pain, even though a doctor can find no medical
cause for the symptoms.