GRADE 11 CH-3 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

FORMULAE
PART-A
Trigonometric Ratios in Right Angle Triangle:
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝

Trigonometric Reciprocal Identities:

1 1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥

1 1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Trigonometric Identities:

sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1 sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥 = 1 cosec 2 𝑥 − cot 2 𝑥 = 1

Trigonometric Ratios of Standard Angles:

Angles 0° π π π π π 3π 2π
Ratios 6 4 3 2 2
Sin 0 1 1 √3 1 0 −1 0
2 √2 2
Cos 1 √3 1 1 0 −1 0 1
2 √2 2
Tan 0 1 1 √3 Not 0 Not 0
√3 defined defined
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 0 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝜖𝑍 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝜖𝑍
2

Note: Using Reciprocal identities, find the value for other three functions.

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 PART-B
Sign of Trigonometric Functions:

3𝜋
2
2

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 𝜋
−𝜃 𝜋 𝜋−𝜃 𝜋+𝜃 3𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 − 𝜃
2 +𝜃 −𝜃 +𝜃
Angles (or) 2 2 2 (or) −𝜃
Ratios 2𝜋 + 𝜃

Sin 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

Cos 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
Tan 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
Cosec 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
Sec 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
cot 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃

PART-C
Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions:

Functions Domain Range

Sine ℝ [−1,1]
Cosine ℝ [−1,1]
Tangent 𝜋 ℝ
ℝ − {𝑥: 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
2

Cosecant ℝ − {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} ℝ − (−1,1)

secant 𝜋 ℝ − (−1,1)
ℝ − {𝑥: 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
2
cotangent ℝ − {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} ℝ

PART-D
Trigonometric Functions of Sum and Difference of two angles:

cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 sin(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = tan(𝑥 − 𝑦) =
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦 + 1
cot(𝑥 + 𝑦) = cot(𝑥 − 𝑦) =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
3

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 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cos 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) cos 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 2 2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
sin 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) sin 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 2 2 2

2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) −2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) − cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sin(𝑥 − 𝑦) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) − sin(𝑥 − 𝑦)

PART-E

Trigonometric formulae Trigonometric formulae in terms

of Half-Angle

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
1 + tan2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =
2 2 1 + tan2 𝑥
2

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 2 cos2 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2 cos 2 − 1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2 cos 2
2 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 − 2 sin2 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = cos 2 − sin2
2 2

1 − tan2 𝑥 𝑥
1 − tan2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =
1 + tan2 𝑥 𝑥
1 + tan2 2

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑥 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
1 − tan2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 1 − tan2 𝑥
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4 sin3 𝑥 1
sin3 𝑥 = [3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥]
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 = 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
4
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − tan3 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 =
1 − 3 tan2 𝑥

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