Assignment : 01
TOPIC : Buck Converter Design and Analysis
Submitted by : Ritika Ranjan (1ST JULY)
AIM: Design and simulation of Buck converter for Auxiliary load in EV
• Input voltage is 48V, Output voltage is 12 V
• Load current is 10A
• Calculate Duty ratio and Load(use Resistor as Load)
• Calculate L,C
What is buck converter ?
A step-down DC/DC converter is a device capable of converting an unregulated input
voltage into an regulated output voltage lower than the input voltage
A buck converter steps down the applied DC input voltage level directly. By directly
means that buck converter is non-isolated DC converter. Non-isolated converters are
ideal for all board level circuits where local conversion is required. Fax machines,
scanners, Cellphones, PDAs, computers, copiers are all examples of board level circuits
where conversion may require at any level inside the circuit. Hence, a buck converter
converts the DC level of input voltage into other required levels.
Buck converter is having a wide range of use in low voltage low
power applications. Multiphase version of buck converters can provide high current
with low voltage. Therefore, it can be used for low voltage high power applications.
This article will discuss both low voltage low power converter and low voltage high
power converter
Convertion of fixed dc to variable dc
This buck converter having following controlling units
1)Switching power supply unit which, can turn ON/OFF switching elements that can
be turned ON/OFF at high frequency to convert a dc input voltage Vin into a dc output
voltage Vout.
2)Control unit, which is used to control the ON/OFF operation of the switching
element. We use MOSFET as switching element where the pulse generator is a control
unit for MOSFET.
3)Inductor - It stores the energy during ON period & dissipates during OFF period.
4)Capacitor- It bypass the ripple content in the output voltage
5)Freewheeling diode- It freewheel the current through the resistor from the inductor
& circuilate it in circuit during OFF period.
6)Load Resistor- Across it we can measure the output voltage & current through it.
CALCULATION:
Input Voltage Vin = 48 V
Output Voltage Vout = 12 V
Load current iL = 10 A
Mathematical Formulae-
Output Voltage = Load resistor * Load current
Vout = R * iL
Load Resistor = Output Voltage / Load current
%Duty ratio D = (Vout / Vin) * 100
Minimum Inductance Lmin = [(1-D)*R] / (2*f)
Maximum Inductance L = 1.25 * Lmin
Capacitance C = (1-D) / (8*L*r*f^2)
Ripple factor r = Change in output voltage / rated output voltage
Assumptions:
1)The switching frequency(f) of the buck convertes is taken to be 40 KHz.
2)Ripple factor (r) is assume to be 0.5%
Calculations-
Load resistor R = Vout / iL = 12/10 = 1.2 ohm
Duty ratio(cycle) D = Vout / Vin = 12 / 48 = 0.25
% D = = 0.25*100 = 25%
Minimum Inductance Lmin = [(1-D)*R] / (2*f)
Lmin = [(1.025)*1.2] / (2*40000) = 11.25 micro henry
Maximum Inductance L = 1.25 * Lmin = 14 micro henry
L = 1.25 * Lmin = 14 micro henry.
Capacitance C = (1-D) / (8*L*r*f^2)
C = (1-0.25) / (8*14*10^-6*r*40000^2) = 837 micro farad
SIMULINK MODEL:
DC Voltage Source
Diode
PWM Generator
Duty Cycle
Final Output
TERMINOLOGY:
A. This block is used for the Input providing 48V. The DC Voltage Source block
represents a constant voltage source whose output voltage value is independent
of the current through the source.here we are taking 48V of input voltage
B. DIODE: Implements a diode in parallel with a series RC snubber circuit. In on-
state, the Diode model has an internal resistance (Ron) and inductance (Lon). For
most applications, the internal inductance should be set to zero. The Diode
impedance is infinite in off-state mode.
C. SWITCHING TRANSISTOR:
MOSFET and internal diode in parallel with a series RC snubber circuit. When a
gate signal is applied the MOSFET conducts and acts as a resistance (Ron) in
both directions. If the gate signal falls to zero when the current is negative, the
current is transferred to the antiparallel diode.
D. Control unit:
We use the pulse generator as Control unit. Control unit parameter input is given
through duty cycle.
E. SCOPE: The Simulink Scope block and DSP System Toolbox Time Scope
block display time domain signals
DISPLAY:
F. This block uses the display of the Output value of Voltage, Current & input
voltage.
CONCLUSION
We have Design and simulation of Buck converter for Auxiliary load in EV.
• Input voltage is 48V, Output voltage is 12 V
• Load current is 10A
• and also we have Calculate Duty ratio and Load(use Resistor as Load) and Calculate
L,C values
