 CBE Question

Term General Formula Key Word

Combination C = N! / (N-R)! R! C=combination

Permutation P = N! / (N-R)! P = Permutation

Arithmetic mean An =an+(n-1)d d =common different

Geothermic An = a1rn-1 r =common ratio

mean
% of profit %II =(sp-cp)*100/ Cp

% of loss %of loss =(cp-sp)*100/ Cp Sp=selling price

Cp =cost price
Gain= Sp-Cp. Loss=Cp-Sp
Sum of n(n+1)/2 N=Quantity of no s
Sequential no
% of increase Amount of increase *100/ Original

% of decrease Amount of decrease*100/ Original

Simple interest I =PRT P =principal( initial amount ) & t=

time
Compound C=p(1+r)t, I= simple interest &C=compound
interest Where, T = C/LOG P(1+R) & r =interest rate

Quadratic
question
% of error Error*100/ True value

Error True value-false value

Gross Margin Net Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
Net Operating Gross Margin - Selling and
Profit Administrative Expenses
Discount Market price – selling price

1 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
 % of Discount Discount*100/ Market price

Amount of sale Rate of sale tax*cost price/100

tax
Bill amount Cost of item + amount of sale tax
Sp (100+% of profit)*cp/100
Sp (100-% of loss)*cp/100
Cp Sp*100/100+% of profit
Cp Sp*100/100-% of loss
 Percentage
1. A Commissions agent receives birr 297 commission on selling good worth birr 4400.What
values of good must he sell to earn birr 81 more commission than before?
Let x is value of good he sell .Then, 4400 = 297
X = 81 by cross multiple
297x=4400*81, x=1200, and more commission than before .Therefore, 1200+4400 =5600
2. Rs.700 is divided among, A, B, C so that A receives half as much as B and B half as much as
C. then C’s shares are?
A=B/2, then, B=2A and B= C/2, then, C=2B
Let A=100 so, B=2A=200 and C= 2B=400
3. What is the least number must be added to 1056 so that sum is completely divided by 23?
1056/23=45 remainder 21 then, 23-21 =2 so that when added 2 from the number 1056 to be
divided to 23 completely i.e. without remainder .
4. A student mark was wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63 due to that the average of marks for
the class got increased by ½.What is the number of student in the class?
Let x is the number of student. Total mark of the student is the difference of 83-63= 20 and
average marks of the class =1/2
Then, average marks of the class = total number of the student/ Number of the student
Therefore, Number of the student = total number of the student/ average marks of the class
So, x= 20/1/ 2, x = 40
5. If 6 men can do a Piece of work in 21 day, how many day will 14 men do the same work?
Let x = number of day for 14 men do the same work .then, 6*21 =14*x, then 126 =14x, x=9
6. What number of 80% is 24?
Let the number is x
X*80/100 = 24 then, by cross multiple = 24*100=80x then, 2400/80 = x, hence x=30
7. If A: B=4:7 and B: C=21:16 then A: C is?
A/B = 4/7, so, 7A =4B =>A= 4B/7 and B /C= 21/16, then, 21C =16B => C= 16B /21
So that, A/C =4B/7/16b/2 = 4B*21/7*16b =84/112 =3:4

2 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
8. In history examination the average for the entire class was 80 marks. If 10% of the student
scored 95 marks and 20% of the student scored 90 marks .what was the average of marks of the
remaining student of the class?
Let the average of marks of the remaining student of the class is x
(10/100*95) + (20/100*90) + (70 /100*x) =80, then, 9.5+18+0.7x=80 then, 0.7x=80-27.5
0.7x= 52.5.Therefore, x= 52.5/0.7= 75
9. The population of the town increased from 175000 to 262500 in decade. What is the average
% increase of the population per years?
Increase = amount increase – original amount= 262500-17500 =87500
% increase= increase * 100 / Original = 87500 *100/ 17500 =50%
Therefore, average % of the population is = 50%/10 = 5%
10. Three candidates contested an election and receive 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes respectively.
What % of the total votes did the winning candidates get?
Votes received by the winning candidates =11628
Total votes =1136+7636+11628=20400
Required % is =11628/ 20400 *100 = 57%
11. What % of a day is 6 hour?
Let the % of day = x .Do you know? 1 day = 24 hr=100%,
Then, 24 h r = 100%
6 hr = x. So, by cross multiple 6*100 =24x .Therefore, x = 25%
12. The population of the town increased annually by 20%. If the present population is
200,000.Then what is the difference in population after 2 and 3 year?
The population of the town in year 1=200,000*20/100 +200,000 =240000
The population of the town in year 2 =240000*20/100 +240000=288000
The population of the town in year3=288000*20/100+288000 =345600
Then, year3 –year 2 or 345600-288000 =57600
13. If A=x% of y and B=y% of x then which one of the following is true?
A=x*y/100 and, B=y*x/100 .Therefore, A=B is true
14. If 20% of a=b, then b% of 20 is the same as፡-?
Let the number =x
20*a/100 = b, then b=a/5 and b*20/100 = x => b/5 but b =a/5
Therefore, x = a/5/5 = a/25 or 4% of a, or 4a100. Or 0.04a
15.Two number A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the sum
of 6%of a and 8% of B. find the ratio of A:B?
5*A/100+4*B/100 = 2/3(6*A /100 + 8+B/100) =
5A+4B=2/3(6A+8B) = 3A=4B, then A=4, B=3 so that 4:3 is answer
16. Two employees X and Y are paid a total Rs.550 per week by their employer .If X is paid
120% of the sum paid to Y how much is Y paid per week?
X+Y =550 -- ----- (1) and X=120*y/100 ------ (2)
To solve the equation 1 &2 by simultaneously: 120* y/100 +y=550 then, y=250

3 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
17. Rhule went to a shop and bought things worth Rs.25.out of which 30 paise went on sales tax
on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6.the cost of the tax frees items? Ans. =19.7
Total cost of the items he purchased =Rs.25 and total tax incurred =30
Paise =Rs, 30/100 = 0.3 & 0.3*100/6= 5 then, 25- (0.3+5) =19.7
18. A fruit seller had some oranges. He sells 40%oranges and still has 420 oranges .How many
oranges he had originally?
Let the oranges he had originally =x
60% of oranges = 420
100% of the oranges = x .By cross multiple 420*100=60x
= 42000 =60x so. x=700
19. What percentage of number from 1 to 70 has 1 or 9 in the unit digit?
Total number =70 and total number in 1 to 70 which has 1 in the unit digit =7 and also total
number in 1 to 70 which has 9 in the unit digit=7 then, total number in 1 to 70 which has 1or 9
in the unit digit =7+7 =14. Required percentage =14*100/70=20%
20. In election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes .20% of the votes
were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500.What was the number of valid votes that the
other candidate got?
Let number of valid votes that the other candidate got =x
Total number of votes=7500 and 20% of the votes were invalid i.e. 7500*20/100 =1500 is
invalid. Then, 7500-1500 =6000 is valid .So 55% of the total valid votes = i.e.55/100*6000
=3300. Hence, 6000 -3300 =2700 is the valid vote that the other candidate got
21. A factory has 1200 worker of which 720 are male and the rest are female .What percent of
the worker are female?
720+ female =1200 .Then, 1200-720=female
Female =480 then, % of the female worker =480*100/1200= 40%
22. A student scored 16 out of 25 in mathematics test .what is the student score in percent?
Student score in percent = 16*100 /25 =64%
23. In class where the number of the girls is 36% of the total number, there are 48 boys, how
many students are there in class?
Let number of girls = x
48 = 64%
X= 36% by cross multiple
36*48/100 = 64*x/100 =X. Hence, x =27.Therfore, the number of student =27+48 = 75
24. Last year Abebe salary was birr 500. If the gets 10% increment in this year .what is his
present salary?
10*500 /100=50 is an increment in this year. Then, the present salary of Abebe is 50+500=550
25. A man buy washing machine whose price VAT is birr 175.its VAT is charged at 15%, how
much did the man actually pay?
Let the man buy a machine =x. Then,
15*x/100 =175, x=1166.6 then, 175+1166.6=1341.6 is the man actually pay

4 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
26. The price of the machine is birr 3000 plus 15% VAT .How much is the VAT?
VAT=3000*15/100= 450 then, 3000+450=3450 is the man actually pay for machine
27. The difference of two numbers is 166. If 7.5% of one number is 12.5% of the other number
.Find the two numbers?
Let the two number is x and y respectively. Then x-y =166 and 7.5%x =12.5%y, hence
x=12.5y/7.5 .Therefore,12.5y/7.5-y=166,y=249 and x=415.
28. The number 3-0.5 is how many times the number 1-0.5?
3-0.5=2.5 and 1-0.5=0.5 .Then 2.5/0.5=5 times
29. In a group 20 students, 12 are 15 years old and 8 are 18 years old .What is the average age of
their 20 student?
12*15=180 is the total age of 12 students and 8*18=144 is the total age of 8 students, then
180+144=324 is the total age of 12 and 8student
Therefore, the average age of their 20 student =total age of 20 student/number of student
= 324/20 =16.2 ~16
30. A man bought a coat marked 20% offer for a birr 156.What is the original cost of the coat ?
Let the original cost of the coat y, then 20y/100 +y=156 so, y=130 is original cost of the coat.
31. The ratio of profit of two items A $B is 3:5. If the profit item A is 1500 then the profit item B
is?
Therefore, a/b =3/5 =>3b=5A but a =1500 so, 3b =5*1500.Then, b=2500 is profit of B.
32. What is 0.05% of 20%? = 0.05/100*20/100 = 0.0001
33. The price of the car is 12590, which is 20% of the original price .what, is the original price?
Let p is the original price of the car .Then, 20%p =12590 => p=62950
34. There are 12 more apples than orange in basket of 36 apples and orange .How many apples
are in basket?
Let x =apple and y=orange then, X+ y =36 ----- (i) and X =y+12, then x-y =12 ---- (ii)
to solve the equation by using simultaneously
X+ y =36
X-y =12 so, 2x =48, then, x=24
35. What is the mathematical average of the number of day in typical year, the number of day in
week, and the number of hours in day?
Number of day in year=365, Number of day in week=7and Number of hour in day =24 =
then, mathematical average of the number of =365+7+24/3 =132
36. A student has to obtain 33% of the total marks to pass. He got 125 marks and failed by 40
marks .The maximum marks is?
Given that the student got 125 marks and still he failed by 40 marks .The minimum pass marks
125+40=165.given that minimum pass marks =33%of the total mark.
Total mark(x) *33/100 =165, then x=500.
In other word, 33% =165
100% =x by cirss cross 165*100 =33x.Therefore, x =500
37. 270 students appeared for an examination; of which 252 passed .What is the pass %?

5 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
=252*100/270 =93.3%
38. John’s salary was decreased by 50% and subsequently increased by 50%.How much percent
does he loss?
Let John’s initial salary =100, after decreased by 50% John’s salary=50 means that
100*50/100-100 =50.
After subsequently increased50% John’s salary = (50*100)/100 +100 =150
50*100/100*150/100= 50*150/100=75, then loss=100-75=25 but the required loss percent,
25*100/100=25%
39. The price of the car is 325000.It was insured to 85% of its price. The car was damage
completely in accident and the insurance company paid 90% of the insurance .What was the
difference the price of the car and amount received?
The price of the car=325000 and car was insured to 85% of its price i.e.85*325000/100
=276250, then, the insurance company paid 90% of the insurance. Amount paid by insurance
company =90*276250/100 =248625. So the difference the price of the car and amount received
is =325000-248625=76375
40. A pipe x is 30 meter and 145% longer than another pipe y .Find the length of y?
X=30 meter and x =y*145/100 then, 30= y*145/100, so, 3000= 145y => y=20.68
45. Arun got 30% of the maximum marks and failed by 10 marks .However, Sujith who take the
same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks
.Whatever the passing marks in the examination?
Let maximum marks of the examination =x then, Arun got 30*x/100 and failed by 10 so, 30x/100
+10--(i)
Marks Sujith got= 40*x/100 -15 — (ii). Therefore, 30x/100+10=40x/100-15, x=250 these is
total mark but the pass mark=30*250/100+10 =85 0r 40*250/100-15=85
46. a house wife saved 2.5 in buying an item on sale .If she spent 25 for the item, approximately
how much percent she saved in the transaction?
Actual price =2.5 +25=27.5 and saving =2.5, then saving percent =2.5*100/27.5 =9%
47. the salary of all officers is increased by twice successively by 20%, what is the net
percentage increase in their salary? The Answer is =44%, please show it?
48. What % is 2 minute24 second of an hour?
2minute24 second =144second .i.e.2minute =120 second +24 second =144 second.
1hr=3600 second
X =144 second .By cross multiple.3600 x=144*100 .Therefore =144*100/3600 =4%
49. In an examination it is necessary for a candidate to get 45% of the maximum marks to pass.
A candidate who gets 180 marks, failed by 45 marks, fined the maximum marks?
Let the maximum mark =x, 180+45 =125
125=45%
X = 100%. By cross multiple, then 45x =100*112.Therfore, x=500
50. A sum of 395 was divided among in such a way that B gets 25% more than A and 20% more
than C. What is the share of A?

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B=125A/100, then, A=4/5B and B=120C/100, then, C =5/6B
A+B+C=395 .Hence, 4/5B+B+5/6B =395
B=150 and A=4B/5, then 4/5*150=120 is A share
51. In examination .in a class of 150 girls, 10% of the girls were absent, 60% of those who were
examined pass and the rest failed .Find the number of absent, successes and failure?
Number of girls =150
Number of absent =150*10/100 =15 girls
Number of girls examined =150 -15 =135 then Number of girls passed =135*60/100 =81 girls

Number of girls failed =135-81 = 54 girls

52. The population of a village has a constant growth of 5% every year .If its present population
is 104832, what was the population two years ago?
Let p be the population two years ago. Then
P (1+r/100) t = p (1+5/100)2 =104832, p =95086
53. The population of a village increases in the rate of 7% every year .If its present population is
90000, what will be the population after 2 years?
The population after 2 years: P (1+r/100) t =90000(1+7/100)2 =103041
54. The value of the machine depreciate by 5% each year .A man by 30000 for the machine,
finds its value after 3 year?
P (1-r/100) t =30000(1-5/100)3 =25721.25

 Profit and losses

1. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs.4700 and spends Rs.800 on its repairs .if he sells the scooter
for Rs.5800, his gain % is?
Given sp=5800 and cp=4700+800=5500
% of profit (gain) = (selling price – cost price)/Cost price*100 = (5800-5500)*100/5500
Therefore, % of profit = 5.45
2. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x article .If the profit is 25%,
then the value of x is?
Let cp of each article =1, then the cp of the 20 article =x
The sp of the x article =20 and % of profit = 25%
Therefore, cp =sp*100/ (100+% of gain) =20*100/125 =16
3. If the selling price is double, the profit is triple .Find the profit %?
Let sp=x and cp=y then, Profit =sp-cp .If sp is double, profit= 2x-y
If profit is triple, then 3(x-y) =2x-y =>3x-3y=2x-y => x=2y
Therefore, % of profit = (x-y)/y*100 = (2y-y) *100 /y =100%
4. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost, if the cost increased by 25% but the selling
price is remaining constant. Approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit?
Let cp=100 then profit =320, therefore, sp= cp+ profit =420
New cp= 125% 0f 100= 125 new sp= 420, new profit =420-125= 295

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Percentage of selling =295 /420 *100 =70%
5. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs.1920 is equal to the percentage loss
incurred by selling the same article forRs.1280. At what price should the article be sold to make
25% profit?
% of profit = sp-cp/cp*100 = (1920-x)*100 /x and % of loss = (cp-sp)/cp*100 = x-128*100/x
by equally them to get cp, (1920-x)*100/x =(x-12800)*100/x .
= x=1600. Therefore, sp = (100+% of profit)*cp/100= (100+25)*1600/100 =400
6. A shop keeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price .If in a week his sale was of
Rs.392.What was his profit?

Sp=392 and, %of profit=22.5

Cp =sp*100/ (100+% of gain) =392*100/100+22.5 =320
Therefore, profit = sp-cp =392-320 = 72
7. A man buys a cycle for Rs.1400 and sell it at a loss of 15%.What is the selling price of the
cycle?
Cp=1400 and % of loss= 15%
Therefore, Sp = (100-% of loss)*cp/100 = (100-15)*1400/100 = 1190
8. By selling 45 lemons for Rs.40, a man loss 20%.How many should he sells for Rs.24 to gain
20% in the transaction?
Sp of each lemon =40/45 =0.89 & let cp of each lemon =x
Then, % of loss = (cp-sp)*100/ Cp
20 =(x-0.89)*100/ X = x, =1.1125 is cp of each lemon
And let y= the amount of lemons. Then, sp of each lemon =24/y,
Therefore, % of profit = (sp-cp)*100 / cp
Then, 20 = (24/y - 1.1125)*100/1.1125, then, y=18 is the amount of lemons
9. The profit obtained by selling an article for Rs.56 is the same as the loss obtained by selling it
for Rs42.What is the cost price of the article?
Sp= 56 when the profit is exist and sp = 42 when the loss exist.
Profit =sp-cp then, 56-cp and loss =cp-sp then, cp-42. By equally them to get cp profit =loss
Therefore, 56-cp =cp-42= then, 2cp =98, cp = 49
10. The cost price of 21 articles is the same as selling price of 18 article .Find the gain or loss?
Let the cp of each article is 1 then, the cp of 18 article = 18 and the selling price of 18 article =21
Therefore, % of gain = (sp-cp)*100 /cp = (21-18)*100 /18 = 16.67
11. Some article were bought at 6 articles for Rs.5 &sold at 5 articles for Rs.6.Gain of %?
Cp of 1 article =5/6 =0.833 and Sp of 1 article =6/5= 1.2
Therefore, %gain = (sp-cp)*100/cp = (1.2-0.833)*100/0.833 =64%
12. A man buys an article for rs.27.50 and sells it for rs.28.50. Find his gain %?
Cp=27.50 and sp=28.50, then Gain= (28.50 –27.50) =1.10
Therefore, % of gain = gain*100/cp =1.10*100/27.50 =4%
13. A vendor bought bananas at 6 for Rs.10 and sold them at 4 for Rs.6.Find his gain or loss
percent?
8 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
Cp of each 6 banana =10/6 =1.66 and sp of each 4 banana =6/4 =1.5
Cp >sp this indicate there is loss. Therefore, % of loss = (1.66-1.5)*100/1.66 =10%
14. When a producer allows 36% commission on retail price of his product, he earns a profit of
8.8%. What would be his profit % if the commission is reduced by tail price of his24%?
Let the retail price =Rs 100.then, commission=Rs 36
Sp=Rs (100%-36%) =Rs 64% .but, profit=8.8%
Cp=Rs (100/108.8*64) =Rs 1000/17
New commission =Rs12. New sp=Rs (100-12) Rs 88
Gain=Rs (88-1000/17) =Rs 496/17.
Gain %=( 496/17*17/1000*100)%=49.6%
15. Abel purchased musical instrument for $12000.If the rate of sale tax is 8%, find the sale tax
and the total amount paid by him?
Rate of sale tax =8%
Amount of sale tax =8/100*12000 = $960
Total amount paid by him =12000+960 =12960
16. A bicycle marked at $1500 is sold for $1350.what is the percentage of discount?
Market price (Mp) =1500 and selling price (sp) =1350
Discount = mp –sp =1500-1350 =150
% of discount = Discount*100 / Mp =150*100/1500 =10%
17. A refrigerator is purchased for $14355, including sale tax .If the actual cost price of the
refrigerator is $13050.find the rate of sale tax?
Bill amount =14355and mp (market price) or cp =13050
Sale tax = Bill amount- cp =14355-13050 =1305
Rate of sale tax =amount of sale tax *100/ Cost of item (cp) =1305*100/13050 =10%
18. The cost of computer is & 20,000.the Company offer it in 36 month but charges 10%
interest, find monthly installment the purchase has to pay?
Cost of company =$20000 and interest =10% and period =36 month
Total interest =20000 *10/100 =6000
Total amount to be paid =20000+6000 = 26000
Monthly installment = total amount to be paid / number of period = 26000/36 = 722
18. What number is 5%of 2000?
Let the number =m. therefore, m =5*2000/100 =100
19. If 45 is120% of a number, what is 80% of the same number?
Let the number is x
45 =120*x/100, then 120x =4500, x= 37.5
Therefore, 80*x/100 =80*37.5/100 =30

9 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
  Age
1. The present ages of A, B and C are in proportion 4:7:9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages
was 56.what is their present ages (in year)?
Let’s as take the present age of A, B and C is 4x, 7x and 9x respectively.
Then , (4x-8)+ (7x-8) + (9x-8) =56, x=4, Hence the present age of A,B and C,4*4,7*4 and 9*4
or 16,28 and 36 respectively.
2. A is as much younger than B and he is older than C. if the sum of the ages of B and C is
50years, what is definitely the difference between A and B age?
Age C<A< B and age C+ age B= 50 let the age of C=x then B= 50-x but not find out age A and
B so the data is inadequate
3.the age of two person differ by 16 years .6 years ago, the elder one was 3 times as old as the
younger one .what are their present ages of the elder person ?
Lets as take the present age of the elder person=x and the present age of the younger person
= x-16 = then, (x-6) =3(x-16-6), x=30
4. Kamal was 4 times as old as his son 8 years ago. After 8 years, Kamal will be twice as his son
.find out the present age of Kamal?
Let the age of the son before 8 years =x then the age of Kamal before 8 years = 4x
After 8 years, Kamal will be twice as old as his son=4x+16=2(x+16), x=8
The present age of Kamal 4 x+8 =4*8+8= 40
5. Kiarn is younger than Bineesh by 7 years and their age are in the respective ratio of 7::9, how
old is Kiran?
Solution =Let the age of Kiran and Bineesh are 7x and 9x respectively 7x=9x-7, x=3.5 then the
age of Kiran is 24.5 and Bineesh is 31.5
6. At the present, the ratio between the ages of Abebe and Getu is 4:3. After six years, Abebe
age will be 26 years .find out the age of Getu at present?
After 6 years Abebe age will be 26 years = the present age of Abebe =26-6= 20
Let the present age of Getu =x then, 20=4 and x= 3, by cross multiple then 4x=60
The present age of Getu is =15
7. The average of the class of 22 students is 21 years .the average increased by 1 when the
teacher’s age also included. What is the age of the teacher?
Total age of the students 22*21=462 and average increased by 1 when the teacher’s age also
included means that average of the class of 23 students is 22 years ,then.= 23*22=506 therefore,
the age of the teacher 506-462= 44
8. The sum of age of 5 children born at the interval of 3 years each is 50 years .find out the age
of the youngest children?
Let the age of the youngest children =x then the age of 5 children written as x, (x+3), (x+6),
(x+9) and (x+12) =50, 5x+3o=50, 5x=50-30=20, 5x=20, so x=4
9. A man is 24 years older than his son, in two years, his age will be twice the age of his son
.what is the present age of his son?

10 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
Let the present age of the son =x years then the present age of the man =(x+24) years, given that
in 2 years, mans age will be twice the age of his son. =(x+24) +2=2(x+2) so x=22
10. Ten years ago, P was half of Q’s age. If the ratio of their present age is 3:4, what will be the
total of their present ages?
Let the present age 3x & 4x respectively then, the total age = 3x+4x
(3x-10) = ½ (4x-10) => 3x-10 = 2x-5 so, 3x-2x = -5+10 => x= 5, Then 3x+4x= 7x => 7*5 = 35
11. A is two years older than B who is twice as old as C. The total of the ages of A, B and C is
27. How old is B?
27= A+B+C, then a=2+b and b= 2c so a=2+2c and b=2c
27= 2+2c+2c+c = 2+5c 27-2=5 25=5c c=25/5=5 then b=5*2=10
12. A father said his son, “I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth”. If the
father’s age is 38 years now, what was the son’s age five years back?
Let son’s present age is x years, Then (38-x) = x 2x= 38 x= 38/2= 19,
So, son’s age 5 years back 19-5=14
13. Ayisha’s age is 1/6th of her father’s age. Ayisha’s father’s age will be twice the age of
Shankar’s age after 10 years. If Shankar’s eight birthdays was celebrated two years before, then
what is aysha’s present age?
Shankar’s present age= 8+2=10 father’s age after 10 year
=2(10+10) =40 then present father’s age =40-10 =30
Then Ayisha’s present age = 1/6 *30 =5
 Simple interest, compound interest, time and work and average
 If A can do a piece of work in n days, then A's 1 day's work = (1/n).
 If A’s 1 day's work = (1/n), then A can finish the work in n days
1. How long will it take birr 300 to double itself .if it is invested at the rate of 5% simple interest
per annually?
I = prt and amount (A) =p+I=p+prt, =p (1+RT)
600 =300(1+0.05t) = t, =20 year
2. Genet deposit $ 8000 with a finance company for 3 years at interest of 5% per annual .What
is the compound interest of that genet get after 3 years?
Step 1, p for the first year =8000 then, I =ptr/100 =8000*3*5/100 =1200
Amount at the end of the first year =p+I =1200+8000 =9200
Step 2, the amount at the end of the first year become principle for the second year.
P for the second year =9200 then I = ptr/100 =9200*3*5/100 =1380
Amount at the end of the second year (A) =p+I =9200+1380 =10580
Step 3, the amount at the end of the second year become principle for the third year.
P =10580 then I = ptr/100 =10580*3*5/100 =1587
Amount at the end of the third year =1587+10580 =12167
Hence, the compound interest of that genet get after 3 year is
Amount – principal = 12167-8000 = 4167
Note: when compound interest annually, A =p (1+r/100) t, then C.I = A-p

11 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
 When compound interest semi-annually, A =p (1+1/2(r/100) t, then C.I = A-p
When compound interest quarterly A =p (1+1/4(r/100) t, then C.I = A-p
3. If n is an integer such that (-3)2n =39-n .find the value of n?
32n =39-n then, 2n =9-n, so n=3
4. By how much is 3/7 larger than 20% of 2?
Let y is the number of the amount 3/7 =20*2 /100+y, then=y=1/35
5. How many multiples of 4 between 12 $96, inclusive?
Some of the number is 4, 8, 12……….96 then an =a1+ (n-1) d
96 =12+ (n-1)4 =n=22
6. Money worth 6% compound semi annually .what is the present value (p) of birr 10000 due to
the end of the year?
P =future value / (1+r/2) n then, p =10000/ (1+0.06/2)5 =11592.74
7.if Steven can mix 20 drinks in 5 minute, sue can mix 20 drinks in 10 minute and jack can mix
20 drinks in 15 minute .how much time will it take all of the three them work together to mix
20 drinks ?
Steven can mix 20 drinks in 1 minute =1/5 and Sue can mix 20 drinks in 1 minute =1/10
Jack can mix 20 drinks in 1 minute =1/15
Steven, Sue& Jack can mix 20 drinks in 1 minute = (1/5 +1/10+1/15) = 30+15+10/150=11/30
All of the 3 working together to mix 20 drinks =30/11, i.e. 2.73 minute
8. 6 men and 8 women can complete a work in 10 days. 26 men and 48 women can finish the
same work in 20 days .15 men and 20 women can do the same work in---days?
Let work done by 1 man in 1 day =m and work done by 1 woman in 1 day=w, then work done by
6 men and 8 women in 1 day =1/10
6m+8w =1/10, =60m+80m =1------ (1)
Work done by 26 men and4 8 women in 1 day =1/2 then, 26m+48w =1/2, =52m+96w =1---- (2)
Solve equation 1 and 2 simultaneously;
60m+80w = 1 and 52m+96w =1
Therefore, m= 1/100 and w= 1/200
Then work done by 15men and 20 women in 1 day=15/100+20/200 =1/4 =4 days
9. A can do a piece of work in 4 hour .A $C together can do it in just 2 hour, while B$C together
need 3 hour to finish the same work .B alone can complete the work in ---hour?
Work done by A in 1 hour =1/4, and work done by B$C in 1 hour = 1/3 and work done by A$C
in 1 hour =1/2
Work done by A, B$C in 1 hour =1/4+1/3 =7/12
Work done by B in 1 hour =7/12-1/2 =1/12hours =12hour
10. P work twice as fast as Q .If Q alone can complete a work in 12 days, P&Q can finish the
same work in ----------days?
Work done by Q in 1 day=1/12
Work done by P in 1 day = 2*1/12=1/6 then, work done by P&Q in 1 day=1/12+1/6 =1/4
so,P&Q can complete in 4 days.

12 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
11. Kamal will complete work in 20 days .If Getu is 25% more efficient than Kamal, he can
complete the work in----day?
Work done by Kamala in 1 day=1/20 and w ork done by Getu in 1 days = 1/20 *125/100= 1/16
then, Getu complete work in 16 days.
12. P is able to apices work in 15 day and Q can do the same work in 20 day .if they can work
together for 4 days .what is the fraction of work left?
Amount of work P can do in 1 day =1/15
Amount of work Q can do in 1 day =1/20 and work done by P&Q in 1 days =1/15+1/20 =7/60
Amount of work Q &P can do together in 4 days =4*7/60 =7/15
Fraction of work left =1-7/15 =8/15
13. A can do a particular work in 6 days .B can do the same work in 8 days. A&B signed to do it
Rs 3200.they completed the work in 3 days with the help of C .how much is to be paid to C?
Amount of work A can do in 1 day=1/6 & Amount of work B can do in 1 day=1/8
Amount of work A&B can do in 1 day =1/6+1/8 =7/24 & Amount of work A, B&C can do in 1
day= 1/3
Amount of work C can do in 1 day =1/3-7/24 =1/24
So, 1/6:1/8:1/24 or A: B: C =4:3:1, (it sum =8) then 1/8*3200=400 is the amount paid to C
14. 6 men and 8 women can complete a work in 10 days.26 men and 48 women can finish the
same work in 2 days.15 men and 20 women can do the same work in ---days?
Let work done by 1 man in 1 day = m
Let work done by 1 woman in 1 day= w
Work done by 6men &8 women in 1 day =1/10 then, 60m+80w =1------ (1)
Work done by 26men &48 women in 1 day =1/2, then 52m +96w =1 ------- (2) the solve
equation 1&2 by simultaneous
Therefore, 60m+80w =1 and 52m +96w =1 .Then, w=1/200 and m=1/100
Then work done by 15 men & 20 women in 1 day =15/100+20/200 =1/4 days therefore 4 days is
the work done by 15men and 20 women.
15. The product of two numbers is 120.the sum of their square is 289.the sum of the number is:-
Let the number x&y, then, xy=120 and x2+y2 =289
(X+y) 2 =x2+y2+2xy =289+2(120), (X+y) 2=529 so, x+y=23
16. In history examination the average for the entire class was 80 marks .if 10% of the student
scored 95 marks and 20% of the student scored 90 marks .what was the average of marks of the
remaining student of the class?
10*95/100+20*90/100+70x/100= 80,
9.5+18+0.7x= 80 then, 0.7x =80-27.5,
Therefore, 0.7x = 52.5, x = 52.5/0.7, then x=75
17. The average of seven numbers is 18. The average of the first 3 numbers is 14. And the
average of the last 3 numbers is 19. What is the middle number?
Let the middle number =x. then, 7*18 =126 & the first 3 = 3*14 = 42 & the last 3 = 3*19 = 57
Therefore, 7*18 – (3*14+x+3*19) = 27

13 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
18. Average of five consecutive even numbers is 35. Find the greatest number in these five
numbers?
Let the number x, x+2, x+4, x+6, x+8
Then, x+ x+2+ x+4+x+6+x+8/5 =35 so, 5x +20 =175 hence, x =31 therefore, x+8 = 31+8 =39
19. The average weight of a class of 20 boys was calculated to be 58.40 kg and it was later found
that one weight was misread as 56 instead of 65kg. What is the correct weight?
(20*58.4)/20 =58.4 but 65 is read as 56 then the difference is added from the weight that we
calculate, then, (20*58.4+9)/20 = 1168/20 = 58.85
20. A is thrice as good a work man as B, Then:
Ratio of work done by A and B = 3: 1.
Ratio of times taken by A and b to finish a work = 1: 3
21. Worker A takes 8 hours to do A Job. Worker B takes 10 hours to do the same job.
How long should it take both A and B, working together but independently, to do the same job?
A’s 1 hour's work = 1/8 and B's 1 hour's work = 1/10
(A + B)'s 1 hour's work = (1/8) + (1/10) =9/40
Both A and B Will Finish the Work in 40/9 Days.
22. A and B together can complete a piece of work in 4 days. If A alone can complete the same
work in 12 days, in how many days can B alone complete that work?
(A + B)'s 1 day's work = (1/4). A's 1 day's work = (1/12).
B's 1 day's work = ((1/4)-(1/12)) = (1/6)
Hence, B alone can complete the work in 6 days.
23. A can do a piece of work in 7 days of 9 hours each A and B can do it in 6 days.
How long will they take to do it, working together 8 hours a day?
A can complete the work in (7 x 9) = 63 hours.
B can complete the work in (6 x 7) = 42 hours.
A’s 1 hour's work = (1/63) And B's 1 hour's work = (1/42)
(A + B)'S 1 hour's work = (1/63) + (1/42) = (5/126)
Both will finish the work in (126/5) Hrs.
Number of days of (42/5) hrs each = (126 x 5)/ (5 x 42) =3 days
24. A and B can do a piece of work in 18 days; B and C can do it in 24 days A and C can do it in
36 days. In how many days will A, band C finish it together and separately?
(A + B)'S 1 day's work = (1/18) (B + C)'S 1 day's work = (1/24)
And (A + C)'S 1 day's work = (1/36)
Adding, we get: 2 (A + B + C)'s 1 day's work = (1/18 + 1/24 + 1/36) =9/72 =1/8
(A +B + C)'s 1 day's work =1/16
Thus, A, B and C together can finish the work in 16 days.
Now, A’s 1 day's work = [(A + B + C)'S 1 Day's Work] - [(B + C)'s 1 day work:
= (1/16 – 1/24) = 1/48 .A alone can finish the work in 48 days.
Similarly, B's 1 day's work = (1/16 – 1/36) =5/144
B alone can finish the work in 144/5=28 4/5 days

14 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
And C’s 1 day work = (1/16-1/18) =1/144
Hence C alone can finish the work in 144 days.
25. A is twice as good a workman as B and together they finish a piece
In 18 days. In how many days will A alone finish the work?
(A’s 1 day’s work): (B’s 1 days work) = 2: 1.
(A + B)'s 1 day's work = 1/18 divide 1/18 in the ratio 2: 1.
:. A’s 1 day's work = (1/18*2/3) =1/27
Hence, A alone can finish the work in 27 days.
26. A can do a certain job in 12 days. B is 60% more efficient than A. How many days does B
alone take to do the same job?
Ratio of times taken by A and B = 160: 100 = 8: 5.
Suppose B Alone Takes X Days To Do The Job.
Then, 8: 5:12: X = by cross multiple 8x = 5 X 12 =X = 7 1/2 Days.
27. A can do a piece of work in 80 days. He Works at it for 10 days B alone finishes. The
remaining work in 42 days. In how much time will A and B working together, finish the work?
Work done by A in 10 Days = (1/80*10) =1/8. Remaining Work = (1- 1/8) =7/ 8
Now, 7/ 8 work is done by B in 42 days. Whole work will be done by B in (42 X 8/7) = 48 Days.
A’s 1 day's work = 1/80 And B's 1 Day's Work = 1/48
(A+B)'S 1 day's work = (1/80+1/48) =8/240=1/30
Hence, both will finish the work in 30 days.
28. A and B undertake to do a piece of work for Rs. 600. A alone can do it in 6 days while
B alone can do it in 8 days. With the help of C, they finish it in 3 days. ! Find the share of each?
C's 1 day's work = 1/3-(1/6+1/8) =24
A: B: C = ratio of their 1 day's work = 1/6:1/8:1/24= 4: 3: 1.
A’s Share = Rs. (600 *4/8) = Rs.300, B's Share = Rs. (600 *3/8) = Rs. 225.
C's Share = Rs. [600 - (300 + 225) = Rs. 75.
29. A and B working separately can do a piece of work in 9 and 12 days respectively, if
They work for a day alternately, A beginning, in how many days, the work will be
Completed?
(A + B)'S 1Days' Work = (1/9+1/12) =7/36 .Work done in 5 pairs of days = (5*7/36) =35/36
Remaining Work = (1-35/36) =1/36 on it is A’s turn .1/9 work is done by him in 1 day.
1/36 work is done by him in (9*1/36) =1/4 Day.
Total time taken = (10 + 1/4) Days = 10 1/4days.
30 .45 men can complete a work in 16 days. Six days after they started working, 30 more
Men joined them. How many days will they now take to complete the remaining work?
(45 x 16) men can complete the work in 1 day. 1 man's 1 day's work = 1/720
45 men's 6 days' work = (1/16*6) =3/8. Remaining work = (1-3/8) =5/8
75 men's 1 day's work = 75/720=5/48 now, 5work is done by them in 1 day.5/48 work is done by
them in (48/5x 5/8) =6 days.

15 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
31. of the three number, the third is twice the second and the second is 4 times the first, if their
average is 78.The smallest of the three numbers is?
Let the number x or (first), y or (second) and z or (third)
Then, z=2x &y =4x hence x+y+z =78 therefore, x+4x+2x =78, x=18
32. The average of To for Monday Tuesday and Wednesday was 41co.The average To of
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday was 42co.if the To on Thursday be 43co.what was the To on
Monday?
Total To for Monday (x), Tuesday (y) and Wednesday (z) =3*41co =123co i.e. x+y+z =123
Total To of Tuesday(y), Wednesday (z) and Thursday (m) =3*42co =126co i.e. y+z+m =126
But m is given so y+z+43co =126, y+z =126co- 43co = 83
X+y+z =123, but y+z =83, then x =123 -83 =40co is the To on Monday
33. The average weight of a class of 20 boys was calculated to be 58.4 kgs and it was later found
that one weight was misread as 56 kgs instead of 65 kgs .What is the correct average weight of
the ?
Actual total weight = 20*58.4-56+65 =1177kgs
Actual average weight =1177kgs/20 =58.85kgs
34. Average of 13 results is 65.If the average of the first six results is 61 and average of the last
six results is 59.then find the seventh result?
Let the seventh result = x. Total =13*65 = 845 and 6*61+6*59+x
845=720+x therefore = 845-720, then x=125
34.A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days ,B and C in 15 days ,C and A in 20 days ,in how
many days will they finish in together and separately?
Work done by A&B in 1 day’s =1/12, and B&C in 1 day’s =1/15 and A&C in 1 day’s =1/20
Work done by (A+B) + (B+C) + (B+A) in 1 days =1/12+1/15+1/20 =12/60
Work done by 2A+2B+2C in 1 days = 12/60
Work done by A, B &C in 1 day =1/2*12/60 =1/10
A, B &C will finish the work in together in 10 day =10
-Work done by A in 1 day = (A+B+C) work’s in 1 day –B+C work’s in 1day = 1/10-1/15 = 1/30
A will finish the work in 30 days
Work done by B in 1 day =(A+B+C) work’s in 1 day – A+C work’s in 1 day = 1/10-1/20 =1/20
B will finish the work in 20 days
Work done by C in 1 day =(A+B+C) work’s in 1 day – B+C work’s in 1 day = 1/10 -1/15 =1/60
C will finish the work in 60 days

16 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
  Partner ship
1. X starts a business with Rs.45000.Y joins in the business after 3 month with Rs 30000.What
will be the ratio in which they should share the profit at the end of the year?
Ratio in which they should share the profit = ratio of the investment multiple by the time
period.
45000*12:30000*9 =45*12:30*9 =2:1
2. X and Y invest Rs. 2100 &17500 respectively in a business .At the end of the year, they make
a profit of Rs.26400.What is the share of x in the profit?
Ratio of investment =2100 *12:17500*12 =6:5
Share of X in the profit =6*26400/11 =14400
3. A and B started a partner ships business invested Rs.20, 000 & 15,000 respectively .C joined
them with Rs.20, 000 after six month .Calculate B’s share in the total profit of Rs.25, 000 earned
at the end of 2 year(24 month) from the starting of the business?
A: B: C =20000*24: 15000*24: 20000*18 =20*4:15*4:20*3 = 4:3:3
B’s share =25000*3/10 =7500
4. A starts a business with a capital of Rs.85,000.B join in the business with Rs.42500 after
some time .For how much period does B loin ,if the profits at the end of the year are divided in
the ratio of 3:1?
Let B join for x month, then A: B = 85000*12:42500*x =3:1
Therefor, 10200/ 425x =3/1 by cross multiple 3*425x =10200, then x = 8 month
5. A starts a business with Rs.40, 000 after 2 months B joined him with Rs.60, 000.C joined
them after some more time with Rs.1, 20,000.At the end of the year, out of total profit of Rs.3,
75,000 C gets Rs.1,50,000 as his share .How many months after B joined the business ,did C
join?
Assume that C was three in the business for x month
A: B: C = 40000*12:60000*10:120000*x = 4:5: x
C’s share = 375000*x /9+ x =150000 then, by cross multiple so, x =6
It means that C was there in the business for 6 months. Given that B join the business after 2
month .Hence C join after 4 month.
6. A, B, C subscribe Rs.50000 for a business .If A subscribe Rs. 400 more than B and B Rs. 5000
more than C, out of a total profit of Rs.35000.What will be the amount of a receives ?
Total amount invested = 50000
Assume that investment of C =x, then investment of B =5000+x
Investment of A = 400+B but B = 5000+x, then A=400+5000+x
Total investment = investment A (400+5000+x) +investment B (5000+x) + investment C(x)
50000 = 400+5000+x+x then, x =12000
Therefore, investment A =400+5000+x = 400+5000+12000 = 21000 and investment B = 5000+x
=5000+12000 =17000
Ratio of investment =21000: 17000: 12000 = 21:17:12
Share of A = total profit *21/50 = 35000*21/50 =14700

17 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
7. A, B and C rent a pasture .If A put 10 oxen for 7 month ,B put 12 oxen for 5 month, C put 15
oxen for 3 month for grazing and the rent of the pasture is Rs.175,then how much amount
should C pay as his share of rent ?
A: B: C = 10*7: 12*5: 15*3 = 14:12:9
Amount that C should pay = 175*9/35 = 45
8. A and B entered into partner ships with capital in the ratio of 4:5.After 3 month, A
withdrew1/4 of his capital and B withdrew 1/5 of his capital .At the end of the 10 month ,the
gain was Rs.760.what is A’s share in the profit ?
Ratio of the initial capital of A&B 4:5
Hence we can take the initial capital of A&B 4x & 5x respectively
Ratio in which profit will divide
4x*3+3/4*4x*7: 5x*3+4/5*5x*7 = 33:43
A’s share =760*33/76 = 330
9. A and B started a partnership business .A’s investment was thrice the investment of B and the
period of his investment was two times the period of investment of B .If B receives Rs.4000 as
profit ,what is the total profit ?
Suppose B’s investment =x. Then A’s investment = 3x
Suppose Bs period of investment = y .Then A’s as period of investment =2y
A: B =3x*2y: xy => 6xy: xy = 6:1 and let total profit = x
X *1/7 =4000, then by cross multiple. x = 7*4000 =28000
10. P and Q invested in a business .The profit earned was divided in the ratio 2:3 .If P invested
Rs.40000, the amount invested by Q is?
Let the amount invested by Q =x
Then, 40000: x =2:3 .Therefore, 40000/x =2/3 by cross multiple 2x =40000*3, so x = 60000
11. A invested Rs76000 in a business .After few months, B joins him with Rs.57000.The total
profit was divided between them in the ratio 2:1 at the end of the year .After how manys did B
join ?
Assume that B join for x months, then
A: B = 76000*12:57000*x = 2:1 => 76000*12/ 57000*x = 2/1 by cross multiple, x = 8
Hence B was there in the business for 8 months or joined after 12-8 =4 month
12. Three partners A: B: C start a business .B’s capital is four times C’s and twice A’s capital is
equal to thrice B’s capital .If the total profit is Rs .16500 at the end of the year. Find out B’s
share in it?
Suppose C’s capita = x then
B’s capital 4 x (since B’s capital is four times C’s capital)
A’s capital =6x (since twice A’s capital is equal to thrice B’s capital
A: B: C = 6x: 4x: x => 6:4:1
B’s share =16500*4/11 = 6000

18 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "
13. A and B started partnership business invested some amount in the ratio 3:5 .C joined then
after 6 months with an amount equal to that of B .In what proportion should the profit at the end
of one year be distribute among A,B&C?
Let initial investments of A and B be 3x&5x
A: B: C =3x*12:5x*12:5x*6 =6:10:5
A began a business with Rs.85000.He was joined afterward by B with Rs.42500.For how much
period does B join, if the profit at the end of the year divided in the ratio of 3:1?
Suppose B joined for x month. Then
85000*12:42500*x =3:1 =>1020000/42500x =3/1
306000 =42500x =>x=8 month

 Pipes and Cisterns

(I).If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours, then: part filled in 1 hour = 1/x
(II) .If a pipe can empty a full tank in y hours, then: part emptied in 1 hour =1/y
(III) If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full tank in y hours
(where y> x), Then on opening both the pipes, the net part filled in 1 hour = (1/x)-(1/y)
(IV) .If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full tank in y hours
(where x > y), then on opening both the pipes, the net part emptied in 1 hour
= (1/y)-(1/x)
1. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 36 hours and 46 hours respectively. If both the pipes are
opened simultaneously, how much time will be taken to fill the tank?
Part filled by A in 1 hour = (1/36)
Part filled by B in 1 hour = (1/45)
Part filled by (A + B) in 1 hour = (1/36) + (1/45) = (9/180) = (1/20)
Hence, both the pipes together will fill the tank in 20 hours.
2. Two pipes can fill a tank in 10 hours and 12 hours respectively while a third, pipe empties the
full tank in 20 hours. If all the three pipes operate simultaneously, in how much time will the
tank be filled?
Net part filled in 1 hour = (1/10) + (1/12)-(1/20) = (8/60) = (2/15).
The tank will be full in 15/2 Hrs = 7 hrs 30 min.

19 "Searching is the real meaning of our life "&" problem is the way of innovation when you find it "