NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS

FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CYCLE - 2018
Syllabus

I. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. SUBJECT BIOCHEMISTRY
1.2. CODE Q07338
1.3. NATURE CAREER COURSE
1.4. LEVEL OF EDUCATION : UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY
1.5. CYCLE VIII
1.6. NTheOF CREDITS FOUR
1.7. NTheOF HOURS THEORY DOS
PRACTICE: FOUR
1.8. PROFESSOR Theory FRED GARCÍA ALAYO, Ph.D.
Practices: Msc. J. CARLOS WOOLCOTT
FRED GARCÍA ALAYO, Ph.D.
II. SUMMARY
The Biochemistry course provides the basic principles of Biochemistry, the mastery
of their concepts and their language. It generates in the student the interest for knowledge and
study of the essence of life and the transformations of substances in the process of
Vital activity enables the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities.
necessary to understand the various physical-chemical phenomena and reactions
chemistries of living organisms, applying their experiences and judgment in problem-solving
problems within the field of medicine, biotechnology, and research. The main axis
The course consists of the study of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
other nitrogenous compounds and allows for an integrative view of metabolism
intermediary with all its interconnections and relationships.

The course includes 5 units:

Biochemistry and the Molecular Architecture of living beings
2. Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes. Structure and Function
3. Carbohydrates: Structure, function, classification, and metabolism
4. Lipids: Structure, function, metabolism, and formation of biological membranes
5. Metabolism of Nitrogen Compounds.

III. GENERAL COMPETENCIES

Having a clear understanding of the structures and metabolic mechanisms that support
life

Understand and apply the mechanisms of biological catalysis based on the

structure of biological catalysts and chemical reactions.
Integrate the knowledge of biochemistry and molecular biology with those of
microbiology and biochemical engineering, especially in its application to the
biotechnological processes.
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FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2
SYLLABUS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CYCLE 2018-2

IV. SPECIFIC COMPETENCES

Define the main chemical components of living matter.

Explain, taking into account their metabolic interrelationships, the main pathways.
catabolic processes of carbohydrates and lipids within the flow of substances and
energy.
Interpret, in metabolic terms, the nutritional properties of
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, considering factors of a biological nature.
Relate some alterations of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.
the nitrogenous compounds with the functional modifications present in
those alterations.

V. ACHIEVEMENTS

At the end of the course, the student:

Analyze and explain the structure and function of the main biomolecules:
Amino acids, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
through practice protocols, valuing knowledge of the main
alterations of nitrogen metabolism in your professional performance
Identify, explain and interpret the main metabolic pathways of proteins.
enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous compounds, and their mechanisms of
regulation, through the determination of biochemical markers,

VI. WEEKLY CONTENT SCHEDULE

UNIT I Biochemistry and the Molecular Architecture of Living Beings

WEEK CONTENT
Inaugural Class. Introduction to Biochemistry. Chemical composition of the
1 living organisms. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Fractionation
Cell phone.
Amino acids, Proteins, and Enzymes. Structure and function
UNIT II

Water. Biological properties. Solvent power of water. Ionic product

2
of water. pH, pK. Buffer system
Amino acids and peptides. Physicochemical properties. Classification of the
3
amino acids. Peptide bond. Peptides of biological importance. Synthesis.
Proteins. Physicochemical properties Primary, Secondary Structure,
tertiary and Quaternary. Proteins as biological effectors: factors of
4
growth, with endocrine function, defense proteins. Use of Proteins
in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and industry.
5 Study Techniques of Proteins. Isolation and Purification of Proteins.
Enzymatic catalysis.
6 Km
Enzyme Immobilization. Methods of Immobilization.
7 Water-Soluble and Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Biological Functions. Synthesis
FIRST EVALUATION
8
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 3
SYLLABUS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CYCLE 2018-2

UNIT III Carbohydrates: Structure, function, classification, and metabolism

Carbohydrates. Properties. Structure and function of monosaccharides and
polysaccharides. Glycoproteins. Glycans. Carbohydrate metabolism and
photosynthesis. Fermentation processes at the cellular level and sources of energy.
Classification. Glycolysis. Lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
9 Glycogen metabolism. Glycogenolysis. Pentose cycle, relationships.
with other processes. Carbohydrate metabolism as the center of metabolism
cell. Chloroplasts. Photosynthesis. Light and dark phases. The Calvin cycle.
Benson. Photochemistry.

Lipids: Structure, function, metabolism, and membrane formation

UNIT IV Biological

Lipids. Classification. Biomembranes, structure and function. Study of the

10 lipid structures and lipid membranes. Transport through the
membranes. Receptors. Processes of degradation and synthesis of lipids
Oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Formation of bodies
ketones and their oxidation. Polyenzymatic complex in the synthesis of acids
fats. Biosynthesis of neutral fats and phospholipids. Biosynthesis of
11
sphingolipids. Enzymatic degradation of phospholipids. Study of cholesterol and
biological function. Biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and acids
biliary.
Principles of bioenergetics. Redox reactions. Theory of
12 biological oxidation. High-energy biomolecules. Reducing enzymes and
electron transport. oxidative phosphorylation. oxygenases and hydroxylases
Functions of the Krebs Cycle. Acetyl coenzyme A. Citric Acid Cycle.
13 Functions of citric acid in metabolism

Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds.

UNIT V

Catabolism and anabolism of nitrogenous compounds. Biological function of

nitrogen. Amino acid metabolism. Degradation and biosynthesis.
14
Transamination and deamination. Urea cycle. Protein biosynthesis.
Regulation of protein biosynthesis.
Metabolism of other non-protein nitrogen compounds. Biosynthesis of
mononucleotides UMP and IMP. Biosynthesis of UTP, CTP, GTP, and ATP. Catabolism
15
of purines and pyrimidines. Synthesis and transformations of nucleic acids.
Genetic engineering. Basic concepts.
16 SECOND EVALUATION
SUBSTITUTE ASSESSMENT

LABORATORY PRACTICES

Laboratory NoQualitative reactions (coloration) on functional groups of

proteins and amino acids
Laboratory No2.Preparation of protein solutions from biological material
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 4
SYLLABUS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CYCLE 2018-2

Laboratory No3. Obtaining casein from milk

Laboratory No4. Determination of the isoelectric point of casein
Laboratory No5. Protein precipitation reactions
Laboratory No6.Enzyme comparison salivary and gastric amylase
hydrochloric acid on the reaction of starch hydrolysis
Laboratory No7. Determination of oxidoreductases in biological material
Laboratory No8.Kinetics of enzymatic reactions
Laboratory No9. Demonstration of the specificity of urease to the substrate
Laboratory No10. Qualitative reactions on vitamins
Laboratory No11. Qualitative reactions on plant pigments
Laboratory No12. Determination of glucose in the blood
Laboratory No 13. Cholesterol extraction from the brain, qualitative reactions
Laboratory No14. Obtaining deoxyribonucleoproteins (DRNP) from the spleen and
qualitative reactions about the products of their hydrolysis...

VI. TOPICS FOR THE SEMINAR

1. ENZYMATIC TECHNOLOGY. Immobilization of biocatalysts. Techniques and effects on
the catalyst. Analytical, medical and industrial applications. Bioreactors.
2. NEUROCHEMISTRY. The transmission of the nerve impulse. Neurotransmitters. Systems
sensory: vision and smell. The molecular basis of drug dependence.
Diseases: Alzheimer's disease.
3. BIOMEDICINE. New diagnostic methods in medicine. Vaccine production and
antibiotics. Gene therapy.
4. BIOETHICS. The science-ethics conflict in the life sciences. What is life? Is everything
Is it scientifically possible to be permissible? Pros and cons of genetic manipulation and
transgenic organisms. Benefits and risks. The human genome project. Impact of
biotechnology in the first and third world.
5. REGULACION HORMONAL. Descripción de hormonas. Hormonas peptídicas.
Signal transduction. Implications in toxins and cancer. Steroid hormones.

VII. DIDACTIC PROCEDURES

The theoretical classes will be expositional and discussion-based, with participation.
active student participation. Directed practices will be conducted where the student will be able to carry out
basic experiments on the recognition of the physicochemical properties of the
biological macromolecules. Likewise, the students will present basic articles
related to the area of study.

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

VII.1. Equipment: overhead projector, multimedia; centrifuge, pH meter, water bath, oven,
visible spectrophotometer.
VII.2. Materials: transparencies. Reagents and glassware and accessories for use
general in an experimental sample processing laboratory
biological.

VIII. EVALUATION
The evaluation conforms to the Evaluation regulation. The following are considered:
First Theoretical Exam weight 1
Second Theoretical Exam weight 1
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FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 5
SYLLABUS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CYCLE 2018-2

Practical Average weight 1

The final grade will be obtained from the average of the three mentioned categories. The scale of
grades are out of twenty, the course is passed with a score of 11. The fraction greater than or equal to 0.5 is
counts as a unit in favor of the student, only for the case of the average of the final grade.
Optionally, a substitute exam will be taken that will replace one of the evaluations.
lower theoretical scores; to be eligible for this exam a minimum final average is required
of 0.7.

IX. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE

1. Campbell M and Farrell S. (2015). Biochemistry Volume I. Mexico: Cengage Publishing

Learning.
Biochemistry
3. Garrido, A and Teijon J.M. (2006). Fundamentals of Metabolic Biochemistry. Spain:
Tébar Editorial.
Laguna, J and Piña, E (2013). Biochemistry. Mexico: Modern Manual Publishing
5. Lehninger, A. (2009). Principles of Biochemistry. Mexico: Omega Edit.
6. Nelson, D Cox, M. (2015). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Spain: Publisher
Omega.
Biochemistry
8. Melo, V. (2007). Biochemistry of Metabolic Processes. Mexico: Reverté Publishing
Horton, H. (2008). Biochemistry. Spain: Pearson Education Publishing.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
12. Villavicencio, M. Biochemistry. (Volumes I and II). CONCYTEC, Peru, 1993.
13.

Important websites:
Biomolecules Course:http://www.ehu.es/biomolecules/index.htm
http: //www.rcsb.org./pdb/help-serchfields.html

Consultation magazines:
Nature, Journal Biological Chemistry, Journal of Biochemistry
Annual review of Biochemistry, Biophysical and Biochemistry Acta (BBA), Trends in
Biochemical Sciences.
Selected reading: Biological importance of buffering systems.
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