STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING

The representative of a community group informs the potential developer of a shopping center.
To the south of the city, the average income per household in the area is $45,000. Let's assume that
It can be assumed that, for the type of area in question, household income has a distribution.
approximately normal and it can be accepted that the standard deviation is equal to $2,000, with
based on a previous study. From a random sample of 15 households, it is determined that the
average household income is = $ 44,000.Test the null hypothesis µ = $ 45,000 by establishing the
critical limits of the sample mean in terms of weights and with a significance level of 5%.
Test the hypothesis of the problem with the standard normal variable Z as the test statistic.
statistical hypothesis test regarding the mean

I. Statement of hypotheses

µ = $ 45,000

µ ≠ $ 45,000

II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test statistic

x̅ − μ 0 44000-45000
=σ/n = -1.936
√ 2000/ √15

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 45000 vs μ ≠ 45000
The assumed standard deviation = 2000
N Mean SE Mean 95% CI Z P
15 44000 516 (42988, 45012) -1.94 0.053

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion
Since zc = -1.936 is in the acceptance region, then ho is accepted, which means that the income
average of the area where the shopping center is to be opened if it is 45000, with a level of
95% confidence
Since p-value = 0.053 > α = 0.05, then we accept H0, which means that the income
average of the area where the shopping center is to be opened if it is 45000, with a level of
95% confidence

2. The Federal Electricity Commission publishes figures on the annual number of kilowatt-hours consumed.
various household appliances. It is said that a vacuum cleaner uses an average of 46 kilowatts-
hour per year. If a random sample of 12 households included in a planned study indicates
that vacuum cleaners consume an average of 42 kilowatt-hours per year with a standard deviation
11.9 kilowatt-hours, does this suggest with a significance level of 0.05 that vacuum cleaners consume,
on average, less than 46 kilowatt-hours annually? Assume that the population of kilowatt-hours is
normal. (statistical hypothesis test regarding the mean).

I. Hypothesis formulation

H0: µ = 46

H1: µ < 46
 II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test statistic

x̅ − μ 0 42−46
=σ/n = -1.1644
√ 11.9/12
√

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 46 vs < 46
The assumed standard deviation = 11.9
N Mean SE Mean 95% Upper BoundZ P
12 42.00 3.44 47.65 -1.16 0.122

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal; Mean=0; StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
-1.645 0
X

V. Conclusion
Since zc = -1.1644 is in the acceptance region, then Ho is accepted, which means that one
The vacuum cleaner consumes an average of 46 kilowatt-hours per year, with a confidence level of 95%.
Since p-value = 0.122 > α = 0.05, then Ho is accepted, stating that a vacuum cleaner spends an average of
46 kilowatt-hours per year, with a confidence level of 95%.
 3. A business magazine wants to classify international airports according to a
evaluation made by the population of business travelers. An evaluation scale is used that goes
from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10, and those airports that obtain an average
greater than 7 will be considered as higher service airports. To obtain data from
evaluation, the magazine staff interviews a sample of 60 business travelers from each
airport. In the sample taken at Heathrow Airport in London, the sample mean is ̅=
7.25 and the standard deviation is s=1.052. Based on these sample data. Should it be
Is London airport designated as a superior service airport? (hypothesis testing)
statistic related to the mean.

I. Hypothesis formulation

H0: µ = 7

H1: µ > 7

II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test statistic

x̅ − μ 0 7.25 - 7
=σ/n = 1.8408
√ 1.052 √ by 60
divided

One-Sample T
Test of μ = 7 vs > 7
NT P
60 7.250 1.052 0.136 7.023 1.84 0.035

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal; Mean=0; StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
As zc = 1.8408 is in the critical or rejection region, then ho is rejected, which means that
they will not be considered as superior service airports; therefore we will accept h1, with a
95% confidence level.
Since p-value = 0.035 > α = 0.05, then we reject H0, which means that there will not be
considered as superior service airports, with a confidence level of 95%.

4. It is hypothesized that no more than 5% of the spare parts manufactured in a company

manufacturing has defects. For a random sample of 200 spare parts are found that
30 are defective. Test the null hypothesis at a 5% significance level. (hypothesis testing
statistic about proportion.

I. Hypothesis formulation

Ho: p ≤ 0.05

H1: p > 0.05

II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test Statistic

 p−p 0 0.15−0.05
= = = 6.49
√ p 0.qn 0/ √ 0.05(0.95)/200

Test and CI for One Proportion

Test of p = 0.05 vs p > 0.05
Sample X
1 30 200 0.150000 0.108469 6.49 0.000

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal; Mean=0; StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
Since zc = 6.49 is in the critical or rejection region, then ho is rejected, which means more
5% of the parts manufactured in a manufacturing company have defects; therefore
We will accept h1, with a confidence level of 95%.
Since p-value = 0.000 < α = 0.05, then we reject H0, which means more than 5% of the...
Parts that are manufactured in a manufacturing company have defects, with a confidence level.
of 95%.

5. It is hypothesized that no more than 5% of the parts manufactured in the process of

manufacturing has defects. For a random sample of 100 spare parts are found to be
10 are defective. Test the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level. (hypothesis testing
statistics on proportion.
 I. Formulation of hypotheses

Ho: p ≤ 0.05

H1: p > 0.05

II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test Statistic

p−p 0 0.1−0.05
= = 2.2942
√ p 0.qn 0/ √ 0.05(0.95)/100

Test and CI for One Proportion

Test of p = 0.05 vs p > 0.05
Sample
1 10 100 0.100000 0.050654 2.29 0.011

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal; Mean=0; StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
Since zc = 2.2942 is in the critical or rejection region, then ho is rejected, which means that
more than 5% of the parts manufactured in a manufacturing company have defects; therefore
that we will accept h1, with a confidence level of 95%.
 Since p-value = 0.011 < α = 0.05, we reject ho, which means more than 5% of
The parts manufactured in a manufacturing company have defects, with a level of
95% confidence.

6. A developer is considering two alternative locations for a regional shopping center given that
the domestic income of the community is an important consideration in site selection, he
You want to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the income amounts.
average household of the two communities. It is assumed that the standard deviation of income
domestic is also the same in both communities. In a sample of 130 households of the
first community the average annual income is = 45,500
1 with a standard deviation 1=

1,800. In a sample of 240 households of the second community ̅ = 44,600

2 y 2= 2,400.
Test the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level. (statistical hypothesis testing on
media).

I. Hypothesis Formulation

Ho: = o − =

H1: ≠ o − ≠

II. Level of significance

α = 0.05

III. Test statistic

̅ - ̅̅̅̅ X2
X1 45500-44600
= 2 = 1.79
12 2 2
√ + 2 √ 18002400
+
1 2 30 40

Two-Sample T-Test and CI

Sample N Mean StDev SE Mean
1 30 45500 1800 329
2 40 44600 2400 379
 μ(1) - μ(2)
Estimate for difference: 900
95% CI for difference: (-102; 1902)
0 (vs ≠)

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal; Mean=0; StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion
Since zc = 1.79 is in the acceptance region, then ho is rejected, which means that it does not exist.
no difference between the average household income amounts of the two communities; therefore
we will accept h1, with a confidence level of 95%.
Since p-value = 0.011 < α = 0.05, then we reject the null hypothesis which means that there is none.
difference between the amounts of average domestic income of the two communities, with a level of
95% confidence.

7. A random sample of 112 accounting students have an average grade.

of 2.70 with a standard deviation of 0.40, in the case of system engineering students
a random sample of n210 students have an average grade of 2.90 with
a standard deviation of 0.30. It is assumed that the students' grading values follow a
normal distribution, test the null hypothesis that the mean rating of the 2 categories
estimation is not different with a significance level of 5%. (statistical hypothesis testing
about media
Data:
1= 12 n2= 10
x̅ 1=2.70x̅ = 2.90
2

s1= 0.40s2= 0.30

I. Formulation of the statistical hypothesis

Ho: µ=µ ó µ1− µ2= 0null hypothesis

H1:µ ≠ µ µ1− µ2≠ 0hypothetical alternate

II. Level of significance

alpha=0.05

III. Test statistics

t is used as a test statistic becauseσ1 σ2they are unknown and/or n<30

(small sample)
s 2 s 2 2
( 1 + n2 )
x̅ 1−x̅ 2 1 2
TC= V= 2 2
s2 2 s2 s2
√ 1+ 2 ( 1) ( 2)
n1 n2
n1 n2 +
n −1
1 2 −1

2
0.40 2 0.30 2
2.70-2.90 ( + 10 )
12
TC= 2 2
= −1.33829921v = 2 2 19.82
√ 0.40 + 0.30 0.40 2 0.30 2
( ) ( )
12 10 12 10
12−1
+ 10−1

IV. Critical region

 Distribution graph
T, df=1 9

0.4

0.3

0.2
β = 0.95

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-2.093 0 2.093
X

V. Conclusion
HowTc =−1.33829921to the acceptance region, it accepts the Ho which means that it
rejects H1, the alternative hypothesis, which states that the average score of the 2 categories of
the estimation is not different

Since p-value = 0.197 > 0.05, then the null hypothesis is accepted, which means that the alternative hypothesis is rejected.

alternative hypothesis, which states that the average rating of the 2 estimation categories does not
it is different.

8. The average daily wage of a sample of n130 employees of a large manufacturing company is
̅ 1=280 pesos, with a standard deviation of 14 pesos. In another large company, a sample
random n240 employees have an average salary of ̅ 2=270 pesos, with a standard deviation of
10 pesos. Test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the weekly salary amounts.
the mean of the two companies with a significance level of 5%. (statistical hypothesis testing)
about socks)

Data:
n1=30 n240
̅ 1=280 ̅ 2=270
σ1= 14σ2= 10

I. Formulation of the hypothesis

Ho: µ=µ ó µ1− µ2= 0null hypothesis

H1µ ≠ µ µ1− µ2≠ 0hypothetical alternate

II. Significance level α=0.05

III. Test statistic

As n1=30 y n240 are larger than 30 large samples

280− 270
zc= x̅ 1−x̅ 2
=3.327177
zc=
√ 196100
30 + 40
σ 21 σ 22
√ +
1 n2

Sample N Mean StDev SE Mean

1 30 280.0 14.0 2.6
2 40 270.0 10.0 1.6
μ(1) - μ(2)
Estimate for difference: 10.00
95% CI for difference: (3.96, 16.04)
0 (vs ≠)
0.002

IV. Critical region

 Distribution graph
Normal, Media=0, Std.Dev.=1

0.4

0.3

0.2
β = 0.95

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion
How3.327177In the acceptance region, Ho Ho is accepted, therefore H1 is accepted.
alternative hypothesis which means that there is a difference between the weekly salary amounts
average of the two companies.
Since p-value = 0.002 < 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected, which means that the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

alternative hypothesis, which states that there is a difference between the weekly salary amounts
average of the two companies.

9. The average height of 50 palms that participated in a trial is 78 cm with a standard deviation
standard of 2.5 cm; while the other 50 palms that are not part have a mean and standard deviation
standards equal to 77.3 and 2.8 cm, respectively. It is desired to test the hypothesis that the palms
those participating in the trial are taller than the others. (statistical hypothesis testing about
media)
Data:
̅ 1=78 ̅ 2=77.3
n1=50 n2=50
σ1= 2.5 sigma2= 2.8
 I. Hypothesis formulation

Ho: µ=µ ó µ1− µ2= 0null hypothesis

H1µ > µ µ1− µ2> 0alternative hypothesis

II. Level of significance

α=0.05

III. Test statistic

Like n1=50 and n250 sons are greater than or equal to 30 large samples.

78-77.3
z ̅ x−x
2 1̅
=1.3186
zc= 6.25 7.84
σ2 σ 2 √ + 50
√ 1+ 2 50
n1 n2

N
1 50 78.00 2.50 0.35
2 50 77.30 2.80 0.40
μ(1) - μ(2)
Estimate for difference: 0.700
(-0.354, 1.754)
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs ≠): T-Value = 1.32 P-Value = 0.190 DF = 96

IV. Critical region

 Distribution graph
Normal, Mean=0, Std.Dev.=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
Howzc= 1.3186In the acceptance zone, the Ho is accepted, therefore the H1 is rejected.
alternative hypothesis Which means that the palms participating in the trial are taller than the
others.
Since p-value = 0.190 > 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) is rejected.

alternative hypothesis, which means that the palms participating in the trial are taller than the
others.

10. For a random sample of n110 gas lamps, it is found that the average lifespan is ̅ = 1

6000 hours with s1= 200. For another brand of lamps, for which it is also assumed that it has
a useful life with a normal distribution, a random sample of n215 gas lamps have a
master media of ̅ = 25600 hours and a master's standard deviation of s2= 250. Try the
hypothesis that there is no difference between the average lifespan of the two brands of lamps
gas, using a significance level of 1%. (statistical hypothesis testing on means)
Data:
̅ 16000 ̅ 25600
n1=10 n2=15
1= 200s2= 250
 I. Formulation of the hypothesis

Ho: µ=µ ó µ1− µ2= 0null hypothesis

H1µ ≠ µ µ1− µ2≠ 0alternative hypothesis

II. Significance level

α=0.01

III. Test statistic

t is used as a test statistic becauseσ1 σ2are unknown and/or n<30 (small sample)
x̅ 1−x̅ 2 6000-5600
TC= Tc= 40000+62500
= 4.4262
s2 s2 √
√ 1+ 2 10 15
n1 2

IV. Critical region

Distribution chart
T, df=22

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.005 0.005
0.0
-2.819 0 2.819
X
 V. Conclusion
HowTc =4.4262є it is within the rejection region the null hypothesis is rejected which means that it
accepts the H1 the alternative hypothesis which states that there is a difference between the average lifespan of the

two brands of gas lamps.

Since p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, then the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, which means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

alternative hypothesis, which says that there is a difference between the average useful life of the two.
brands of gas lamps.

11. A manufacturer is evaluating two types of equipment to produce an item. A sample is obtained.
random of n1= 50 for the first batch of equipment and it is found that 5 of them have defects. It is
obtain a random sample of n2= 80 for the second mark and it is found that 6 of them have
defects. The manufacturing rate is the same for both brands. However, since the first
it costs quite a bit less, the manufacturer gives that brand the benefit of the doubt and proposes the
hypothesis H0π1 ≤ π2. Test the hypothesis at the 5% significance level. (hypothesis testing
statistics about proportions
Data:
PA=5/50=0.10
PB=6/80=0.075
A =50

B= 80

I. Formulation of the hypothesis

Ho: H0π1 ≤ π2 = Null hypothesis

H1:Ho: π1> π2=Po alternative hypothesis

II. Level of significance

α=0.05

III. Test statistic

For the statistical hypothesis test regarding the population proportion, we use the distribution
probabilistic Z as defined test statistic
 p A−p B 0.10−0.075
zC= p c⋅Qc p c⋅Q c
= zc= 0.4999320139
0.084⋅0.9160.084.0916
√ + p √ +
A B 50 80

n A.p A+ nB .pB
pC= = =0.084
n A+ nB

Difference = p (1) - p (2)

Estimate for difference: 0.025
95% lower bound for difference: -0.0599482
Test for difference = 0 (vs > 0): Z = 0.48 P-Value = 0.314
Fisher’s exact test: P-Value = 0.423

IV. Critical region

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
HowzC= 0.4999320139є it is within the acceptance region the Ho is accepted
it means that H1, the alternative hypothesis which states the first product is less than or equal to, is rejected
second.
 Since p-value = 0.423 > 0.05, we accept the Ho, which means that we reject the H1.
alternative hypothesis, which states that the first product is less than or equal to the second.

12. It is desired to know if there is a difference in proportions among the students who failed the subject.
from the physics schools Ignacio Ramírez and Venustiano Carranza, the survey is conducted with 70
students from the first school, of which 58% said they had failed and 60 students from the
second school and of these, 70% failed.
Establish the null hypothesis.
b) Determine whether to reject or accept the hypothesis with a significance level of 5%. (hypothesis tests)
statistics about proportions.
Data
p1=0.58
n=70
n2=60
p2=0.70

I. Formulation of the hypothesis

Ho: µ=µ Under the null hypothesis

H1µ ≠ µ Under alternative hypothesis

II. Significance level

α=0.05

III. Test statistic

p A− pB 0.58−0.70
zC= p c⋅Qc p cQ c zC= 0.6350.3650.635*0.365
= −1.4193
√ + p √ +
A B 70 60

n A.p A+ nB .pB
pC= pC= 70.0.58+60.0.700.6353846154
n A+ nB 70+60

p (1) - p (2)
Estimate for difference: -0.114286
95% CI for difference: (-0.277875, 0.0493035)
Test for difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): Z = -1.37 P-Value = 0.171
 Fisher’s exact test: P-Value = 0.203

IV. Critical region

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion
HowC= −1.4193є it is within the acceptance region, H0 is accepted which means that
the H1 alternate hypothesis is rejected which states that the number of failures is equal
both schools.
Since p-value = 0.203 > 0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted, which means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) is rejected.

alternative hypothesis, which states that the number of failures in both schools is equal.

13. A method for impregnating clouds was successful in 57 out of 150 attempts, while another succeeded in
33 out of 100 attempts. With a significance level of 5%, can we conclude that the first method
is it better than the second? Answer: According to tables Z=+1.64. Since the calculated value of Z =0.81, it is

less than +1.64, then we must accept the null hypothesis that both methods are
equivalents (statistical hypothesis tests on proportions).

I. Statistical hypothesis formulation:

 Ho: P1=P2

H1: P1>P2

II. Level of significance:

α=0.05

III. Test statistic:

c1.d1 + c2.d2 ( )
= = 150×0.38+(100×0.33)0.36
C1+C2 150+100

p1−p2 0.38−0.33
Zc= = = 0.806872
√(x1 - (x1 / y1)) + (x1(1 - x1) / y2√(0.36 1−0.36 / 15( 0)+(0.36(1−0.36)/100
)

Sample X N Sample p
1 57 150 0.380000
2 33 100 0.330000
Difference = p (1) - p (2)
Estimate for difference: 0.05
95% lower bound for difference: -0.0511507
Test for difference = 0 (vs > 0): Z = 0.81 P-Value = 0.208
Fisher’s exact test: P-Value = 0.251

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion

Like Zc0.806872 to the region of acceptance, then we accept Howhat he/she wants
to say 'both methods for cloud seeding are equivalent,' with a level of confidence
of 95%.
Since p-value=0.208 > α=0.05 then H is acceptedowhat it means 'both methods'
"to impregnate clouds are equivalent," with a 95% confidence level.

14. All members of the teaching staff for primary education are subjected to testing.
of a country and an education expert states that the average grade, on a basis of
100, was 76. A representative of the high government questions this statement, which is why
Take a random sample of 400 teachers whose mean was 74 with a standard deviation of 16.
Test the hypothesis with a significance level of 1%. Answer: According to tables Z=2.57. Since the
Calculated value of Z = -2.5 is in the interval 57.2, therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.
that the average is 76.

I. Statistical hypothesis formulation:

Ho: µ= 76

H1 : o 76
 II. Level of significance:

alpha=0.05

III. Test statistic:

̅ − 74−76
to= = 16 -2.50
√ √ 400

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 76 vs ≠ 76
The assumed standard deviation = 16
N Mean SE Mean 99% CI Z P
400 74.000 0.800 (71.939, 76.061) -2.50 0.012

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.005 0.005
0.0
-2.576 0 2.576
X

V. Conclusion
Like Zc-2.50 to the region of accepts, then we accept the Ho,therefore, "the
The average is equal to 76 inches, with a confidence level of 99%.
 Since p-value=0.012 > α=0.01 then H is acceptedotherefore, "the average is equal to
76”, with a confidence level of 99%.
15. A random sample of 40 bands for motors of certain circular saws showed a
average duration of 1.08 years with a standard deviation of 0.5 years. It is known that
experience that such bands last on average 1.28 years. Is there reason to consider such
decrease, as a loss of quality? Significance level 5%. Response: According to tables Z=-
1.64. Since the calculated value of Z=-2.528 is less than -1.64, the hypothesis is rejected.
null that the population average is 1.28, which means it can be considered that there was a
decrease in manufacturing quality.

I. Statistical hypothesis formulation:

Ho: µ1=µ2

H1 : 1> 2

II. Level of significance:

alpha = 0.01

III. Test statistic:

̅ − 1.08-1.28
Zc= = 0.5 = -2.529822
√ √ 40

One-Sample Z
Test of μ= 1.28 vs < 1.28
The assumed standard deviation = 0.5
N Z
40 1.0800 0.0791 1.2639 -2.53 0.006

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
-1.645 0
X

V. Conclusion
Like Zc-2.53 to the rejection region, so we reject the Howhat it means
“existe una disminución de calidad en la fabricación” con un nivel de confianza del 99%.
Since p-value=0.006 > α=0.05, then H is rejected.owhat it means is 'there exists a'
decrease in quality in manufacturing

16. A study of 29 of the payments made for monthly commissions to the salespeople of a
The company has a monthly average of $50,800 and a standard deviation of $600.
hypothesis that the true average is $50,000, versus the alternative hypothesis that it is not
of $50,000, with a significance level of 5%. Answer: According to tables t = .048.2 Since the value
The calculated t of 7.18 is outside the interval t=, so we reject the null hypothesis that
the average is $50,000 and we accept that this value is different. .048.2.

I. Statistical hypothesis formulation:

Ho: µo= 50000

H1 : o 50000

II. Level of significance:

alpha=0.05
III. Test statistic:
̅ −
to= ~ t (n-1, )
√

= 50800-50000
600 = 7.180219743 ~ t (28, 0.05)
√ 29

One-Sample T
Test of μ = 50000 vs ≠ 50000
N Mean StDev SE Mean 95% CI T P
29 50800 600 111 (50572, 51028) 7.18 0.000

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
T, df=28

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-2.048 0 2.048
X

V. Conclusion
Like Zcequals seven point eighteen to the rejection region, so we reject the Ho, therefore, "the
promedio no es de $50000”, con un nivel de confianza del 95%.

Since p-value=0.000 < α=0.05 then H is rejectedowhat it means is that 'the

The average is not $50,000, with a confidence level of 95%.
 17. A company estimates that it has an 80% market share for its product.
star. Through a random sample of 400 potential consumers, it is found that 75%
the same consume the referred product. With a significance level of 1%, it can be concluded
through the results that this proportion is smaller? Answer: According to tables Z= - 2.33. How
The calculated value of Z = -2.31 is greater than -2.33, therefore, the null hypothesis that the
market share is 80%
.
I. Statistical hypothesis formulation:

Ho: Po80% = 0.80

H1: Po< 80% ~ 0.80

II. Level of significance:

α=0.01

III. Test statistic:

− 0.75−0.80
Zc = = -2.5
. 0.80 is 0.20
√ √
400

Test and CI for One Proportion

Test of p = 0.8 vs p < 0.8
Sample X N Sample p 99% Upper Bound Z-Value P-Value
1 300 400 0.750000 0.800367 -2.50 0.006
Using the normal approximation.

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.01
0.0
-2.326 0
X

V. Conclusion
Like Zc-2.5 to the rejection region, then we reject Hothe participation of
The star product in the market is below 80%, with a confidence level of 99%.
Since p-value=0.009 > α=0.05, then H is accepted.othe product participation
the market share is less than 80%", with a confidence level of 99%.

18. A die-cutting machine wants to be purchased and it will be acquired if the proportion of defective pieces
produced by the machine is 10% or less. A random sample of 40 pieces is examined and
It is found that 7.5% were defective. With a significance level of 5%, can
It is concluded that the machine meets the requirements? Answer: According to tables Z=-1.64. As the
calculated value of Z = -0.60 is greater than -1.64, therefore, it cannot be concluded that the machine
meets the requirements.

I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

0P 0.10

1P < 0.10

II. Level of Significance

 = 0.05

III. Test Statistic

− 0
n=40 = = 0.075-0.1=-0.5270
. 0.1(0.9)
√ √
40

X = 7.5% x 40 = 3

P= 0.075

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

How 1 If P < 0.10 then the critical region is left tail

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
-1.645 0
X
-0.5270

V. Conclusion

As = −0.52 to the acceptance region, then we accept the 0What does the machine say?
it will be acquired if the proportion of defective pieces produced by the machine is 10% or less.
Since the p-value is 0.423 > = 0.05, then the null hypothesis is accepted 0 .

19. A company providing intercity freight transport claims that only 6% of its services
Load suffers claims. A random sample of 200 services reveals that 8.5% of them suffer.
Claims. With a significance level of 5%, test the null hypothesis that P=0.06, against the
alternative that P>0.06. Answer: According to tables Z=+1.64. Since the calculated value of Z=1.26,
 is less than 1.64, then, we must accept the null hypothesis that the claims remain
of 6%.

I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

0P = 0.06

1P > 0.06

II. Level of Significance

0.05

III. Test Statistic

− 0
n=200 = = 0.085−0.061.4887
. 0.06(0.94)
√ √
200

X = 8.5% x 200 = 17

P = 0.085

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

How 1: P > 0.06 then the critical region is right-tailed

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

1.4887

V. Conclusion
 As = 1.4887 to the region of acceptance, then we accept the 0it says that only 6%
complaints about their cargo services.
Since the p-value is 0.095 > = 0.05, then the acceptance of the 0 .

20. A supplier sells natural fibers to a factory. They claim that the fibers have an average strength.
of 33 kg and a variance of 64 kg². A random sample of 25 fibers gives an average strength of
30 Kg. The buyer claims that the average strength of all the fibers in the shipment is lower and
not 33 Kg as that supplier intends, and that if confirmed it will suspend the purchase and
it will be carried out to another. It is known that the variable in the population has a normal distribution. It is of

reject the supplier's claim for a = 0.05?

I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

0: = 33

1: < 33

II. Significance Level

= 0.05

III. Test Statistic

̅ − 30−33
n = 25 = 0
= 8 -1.875
√ √ 25

̅ = 30

S=8

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

How 1: < 33 then the critical region is left-tailed

Distribution Plot
T, df=24

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
-1.711 0
X

V. Conclusion

As = 1.875 to the region of acceptance, then we reject the 0that claims that the fibers
they have an average resistance of 33 kg.
As the p-value is 0.037 < = 0.05, then the acceptance of the 1.

21. The Balance Sheet of a corporation, which has 200 debtors, shows for the account Various Debtors a
Total of $3,500,000. The company hires an external auditor who, after conducting the audit, opines
that the average balance of that account is different from what the accounting reflects. To try to prove
circulars are sent to 49 randomly chosen debtors, who confirmed they owe a
total of $870,000. If a roughly normal population is assumed, with variance equal to
$2,300,000. Are the figures that reflect the financial statements reliable at a 5% level?

I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

0: = 17,500 (3,500,000 200)

1: 17,500

II. Level of Significance

= 0.05

III. Test Statistic

 ̅ − 17 755.103-17 500
n = 200 = 0
= 1516.575089 2.3788
√ √ 200

̅ = 17 755.102 (870000 49)

1516.575089

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

How 1: 17 500 then the critical region is both tails

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion

As = 2.3788 to the region of acceptance, then we reject the 0, that is, the
The average balance of that account is different from what the accounting reflects.
Since the p-value is 0.017 < = 0.05, then the acceptance of the 1 .

22. The mosaics produced by a factory in the city of San Juan have an average resistance to
the rupture of 80 Kg. with a standard deviation of 15 Kg. The production manager proposes a
new method for making mosaics, arguing that if it increases the resistance to the
breakage. To test this assertion, 64 manufactured tiles are subjected to a resistance test.
by the new method, with the following result: X = 105 Kg Assuming that the population is
Is the manager's statement correct at a 1% level of significance?
 I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

0: = 17 500 (3 500 000 200)

1: 17,500

II. Level of Significance

= 0.05

III. Test Statistic

̅ − 17 755.103−17 500
n = 200 = 0
= 1516.575089 2.3788
√ √ 200

̅ = 17,755.102 (870,000 49)

1516.575089

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

As 1: 17 500 then the critical region is both tails

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusion
 As = 2.3788 to the acceptance region, then we reject the 0, that is, the balance
the average of said account is different from what the accounting reflects.
Since the p-value is 0.017 < = 0.05, then the null hypothesis is accepted. 1 .

23. A television manufacturer announces that 90% of its devices do not need any repairs.
during the first two years of use. The repair office selects a sample of 100
devices and finds that 14 needed some repair during the first two years of use. At
At a significance level of 0.01, what conclusion can the repair office reach?

I. Statement of the problem

H0: p = 0.1
H1: p ≠ 0.1

II. Level of significance:

α = 0.01

III. Test Statistics:

− 0
=
√ 0 ( 1− 0/ )
0.14− 0.1
=
√0.1 (1 − 0.1/100
)
= 1.33

Test and CI for One Proportion

Test of p = 0.1 vs p ≠ 0.1
Sample X N Sample p 99% CI Z-Value
1 14 100 0.140000 (0.050622, 0.229378) 1.33 0.182
Using the normal approximation.
IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.005 0.005
0.0
-2.576 0 2.576
X

V. Conclusions
As Zc = 1.33 to the region of Acceptance, Then we accept H0, that 10% of their
televisions need a repair in the first two years.

24. The owner of a wholesale white goods distributor must estimate the average of his
accounts receivable at the end of a month's period. Based on past experience and knowing
that the accounts receivable variable is approximately normally distributed, estimate that the average
the accounts receivable is 100. Instead of accepting this estimate from the owner, it is decided
select a random sample of 49 accounts. The results are as follows: X = $123 and s =
$33. With a significance level of 0.10. Should the owner's estimate be accepted?
I. Problem statement
H0µ = 100
H1µ ≠ 100
II. Level of significance:

α = 0.1

III. Test Statistic:

 Since the population standard deviation is known, we use the normal distribution.
standard as a test statistic
−µ
=
√
123 −100
=
33
√ 49
Zc = 4.87879

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 100 vs ≠ 100
The assumed standard deviation = 33
N Mean SE Mean 90% CI Z P
49 123.00 4.71 (115.25, 130.75) 4.88 0.000

IV. Critical region or Decision Rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05 0.05
0.0
-1.645 0 1.645
X
V. Conclusion
As Zc = 4.88 to the Rejection region, So we Reject H0We reject the estimate
from the owner.
Since p-value = 0.0 < α/2 = 0.025, the Null Hypothesis is Rejected.

25. A large chain of hardware stores has a sale on lawn mowers. The number of mowers
sold during this offer, in a sample of 10 businesses, was as follows: 8, 11, 0, 4, 7, 8, 10, 5,
At the significance level of 0.05, is there evidence that during that offer, a sold
average of more than 5 cutters per business? What assumption is necessary to carry this out?
test?
I. Problem Statement

H0µ = 5
H1μ > 5

II. Level of significance:

α = 0.05

III. Test Statistic

−µ
=
√
6.4- 5
=
3.37
√ 10
Zc = 1.31371

One-Sample T: x
Variable N Mean StDev SE Mean 95% CI
x 10 6.40 3.37 1.07 (3.99, 8.81)
One-Sample Z
 Test of μ= 5 vs > 5
The assumed standard deviation = 3.37
NZ P
10 6.40 1.07 4.65 1.31 0.094

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion

As Zc = 1.31 to the Acceptance region, Then we accept H0that during that

On offer, an average of more than 5 cutters were sold per business.
Since p-value = 0.094 < α/2 = 0.025, the Null Hypothesis is rejected.

26. A manufacturer of a battery brand claims that they last on average 200,000
A random sample of 81 accumulators was tested and the result was a duration
average of 250,000 km, with a sample standard deviation of 100 km. With a level of
meaning of 0.05, Is what the accumulator manufacturer says valid? The average duration
it has an approximately normal distribution.

I. Problem Statement
 H0µ = 200000
H1µ ≠ 200000
II. Significance level:
α = 0.05
III. Test Statistic

−µ
=
√

250000− 200000
=
100
√ 81

Zc = 4500
One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 200000 vs ≠ 200000
The assumed standard deviation = 100
SE
N Mean Mean 95% CI Z P
81 250000 11 (249978, 250022) 4500.00 0.000

IV. Critical Region or Decision Rule

 Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.025 0.025
0.0
-1.960 0 1.960
X

V. Conclusions:
As Zc= 4500.00 to the Rejection region, Then We Reject H0It is incorrect what
says the manufacturer of a brand of batteries, as they have a longer lifespan.
Since p-value = 0.0 < α = 0.05, the Null Hypothesis is rejected.

27. A textile factory will accept a batch of cotton fibers if it verifies at a level of 1%, a
the average length of the fiber is 200 mm (this is what the supplier claims) and it will not do so in
otherwise. A random sample of size 29 was taken, resulting in x = 170mm and s = 40 mm.
Assuming that the population is approximately normally distributed, will the company accept or
Will he reject the game?
I. Problem statement

H0µ = 200
H1µ ≠ 200

II. Level of significance:

α = 0.01

III. Test Statistic

 −µ
=
√

170− 200
=
40
√ 29
Zc = -4.038

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 200 vs μ ≠ 200
The assumed standard deviation = 40
N Mean SE Mean 99% CI Z P
29,170.00 7.43

IV. Critical region

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.005 0.005
0.0
-2.576 0 2.576
X

V. Conclusion
As Zc = - 4.04 to the Reject region, Then We Reject H0The company will reject the
Game
Since p-value = 0.0 < α = 0.05, the Null Hypothesis is rejected.
 28. A group of hypertensive patients receive a new drug that lowers blood pressure by 4; 2.5; 1.3;
respectively. At a significance level of 0.05, does the new drug decrease the
blood pressure at least at 2 points? The assumption is that changes in blood pressure of
All hypertensive patients present a normal distribution.
I. Statistical hypothesis formulation
Hoµ = 2 points
H1µ > 2 points
II. Level of significance

α= 0.05

III. Test statistic

As the population standard deviation is known, we then use the standard normal distribution.
as a test statistic, defined:

2.6 minus 2
TO= x̅−μo = = 0.77
/√ 1.353/√3

One-Sample T
Test of μ = 2 vs μ > 2
NT P
3 2.600 1.353 0.781 0.319 0.770.261

IV. Critical region or decision rule

 Distribution Plot
T, df=2
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 2.920
X

V. Conclusion
How t00.77 to the critical or acceptance region, then we accept the Howhat it means
that 'the new drug does not lower blood pressure by at least 2.'
Since p-value = 0.261 > α= 0.05, then the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted. This means that the new
fármaco no disminuye la presión arterial en por lo menos 2 ”.

29. In a wire factory, it is known from previous statistical records that the average resistance of
a type of wire weighs 12.46 Kg. with a standard deviation of 1.8 Kg. A sample was taken from
35 pieces of wire and it was found that the average resistance is 3 1.01 Kg. At a level of
significance of 5%, if based on statistical records the same levels are maintained.

I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation

Hoµ = 12.46 kg.

H1µ > 12.46 Kg.

II. Level of significance

α= 0.05

III. Test statistic

Since the population standard deviation is known, we use the standard normal distribution.
as a test statistic, defined:

Zc =x̅−μo = 31.01−12.46= 60.97

/√ 1.8/√35

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 12.46 vs > 12.46
The assumed standard deviation = 1.8
N Mean SE Mean 95% Lower Bound
Z P
35 31.010 0.304 30.510 60.970.000

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X

V. Conclusion
As Zc = 60.97 to the rejection region, then we reject Hothe (H is accepted1what
it means that 'the average resistance of a type of wire is greater than 12.46 kg. Affirming with
a 95% confidence.
Since p-value = 0.000 < α= 0.05, then the null hypothesis is rejected. This means that 'the resistance
average of a type of wires greater than 12.46 kg. Confirming with 95% confidence.

30. A toy store chain would like to determine if a certain toy could be launched in the market with
based on past experience with similar toys. The Marketing Director has decided that only
 the toy will be launched in the market if there is proof that it sells more than an average of 105
toys per month in each toy store, knowing that = 10 toys. A sample of is selected from
35 toy stores for a period of one month and it yields an average of 106 toys. With a
With a 5% risk, will the new toy be launched on the market?
I. Statistical Hypothesis Formulation
Hoµ = 105 toys
H1> 105 toys
II. Level of significance
α= 0.05
III. Test statistic

Since the population standard deviation is known, we use the standard normal distribution.
as a test statistic, defined:

Zc =x̅−μo = 105050.5916
/√ 10/√35

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 105 vs > 105
The assumed standard deviation = 10
NZ P
35,106.00 1.69 103.22 0.59 0.277
IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.05
0.0
0 1.645
X
 V. Conclusion
As Zc = 0.5916 to the critical or acceptance region, then we accept Howhat he/she wants
to say that "the toy will not be launched on the market since no more than 105 toys will be sold, with a
95% confidence.
Since p-value = 0.277 α = 0.05 then Ho is accepted. This means that 'it will not be launched.'
the toy in the market since no more than 105 toys will be sold, with a confidence level of 95%.

31. The Credit Manager of a chain of stores states that the average monthly balance of people
that possess credit cards is $30. To prove what has been stated, the auditor, who believes that the balance is
the mayor selects a sample of 100 accounts and finds that the average balance is $35.
a sample standard deviation of $12.50. with a significance level of 0.01, what
Will the auditor arrive?
I. Statistical hypothesis formulation
Ho$30
H1: µ > $30
II. Significance level
α= 0.01
III. Test statistic

Since the population standard deviation is known, we use the standard normal distribution.
as a test statistic, defined:

35−30
Zc =x̅−μo = =4
/√ 12.5/√100

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 30 vs > 30
The assumed standard deviation = 12.5
NZ P
100 35.00 1.25 32.09 4.00 0.000
IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.01
0.0
0 2.326
X

V. Conclusion
As Zc = 4 to the rejection region, then we reject Howhat it means is that 'the balance
The average monthly number of people who use credit cards is greater than $30, with a level of
99% confidence.
Since p-value = 0.000 < α= 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This means that 'the balance
The average monthly number of people who swipe a credit card is greater than $30, with a level of
99% confidence.

32. A bakery is considering establishing a bill delivery service on Sundays.

tomorrow in a neighborhood. Based on the cost of the service and the profits that can be achieved, it has arrived
to the following conclusion: if there is evidence that the average order would be more than 6 invoices, for
neighborhood house, then the service would be established. A survey is conducted with 136 families, and it
it obtains an average of 7 invoices and a standard deviation of 2 invoices. With a level of
meaning of the 1% would the service be established?
I. Statistical hypothesis formulation
Hoµ = 6 invoices
H1µ > 6 invoices
 II. Level of significance
α = 0.01
III. Test statistic

Since the population standard deviation is known, we use the standard normal distribution.
as a test statistic, defined:

7−6
Zc =x̅−μ = = 5.831
/√ 2/√136

One-Sample Z
Test of μ = 6 vs μ > 6
The assumed standard deviation = 2
NZ P
136 7.000 0.171 6.601 5.83 0.000

IV. Critical region or decision rule

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.01
0.0
0 2.326
X

V. Conclusion
As Zc = 5.83 to the rejection region, then we reject Howhat it means is that "it
It will establish the service, as the average order will be greater than 6 invoices, with a level of confidence.
of 99%.”
Since p-value = 0.000 < α = 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This means that 'it will be established

the service, since the average order will be greater than 6 invoices, with a confidence level of 99%.