COURSE MANUAL OF

Nautical Conductor

CONDUCTING VESSELS UP TO 7
METERS LENGTH AND
A MAXIMUM POWER OF 140 HP

SUPPORT TEXT

ARGENTINE NAVAL PREFECTURE

PATAGONES PREFECTURE

SECURITY POLICE SECTION OF THE

NAVIGATION

-2010-

1
Subject Security
Engine Propulsion
Theoretical Practical Characteristics

The development of the thematic units that will be presented below does not require
no prior knowledge. At this stage, training levels will be met.
theoretical and practical, with special emphasis on the latter, to perform in
navigation in lakes, inland rivers, Río de la Plata with distance limit of detachment
coasts, and seaports with limits of distance from the port.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Train to become familiar with the details of marine nomenclature and technology
basic; acquiring notions related to the safety of the vessel and of the
people. Acquire skill and knowledge related to the government and handling of a
Vessel of suitable length and navigating in special areas.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Recognize the basic constitutive elements, dimensions, maneuver, governance and
propulsion, to become familiar with nautical nomenclature.

Acquire basic knowledge that allows acting to safeguard life

human, in the control of small breakdowns, in the prevention and fight against fires
and in the assessment of emergency and security communications.

Acquire capacity, skill in navigation, governing and maneuvering of

boats, both during the day and at night, in normal, special and
adverse, which is why significant dedication will be given to this practical stage once
acquired the necessary theoretical references.

To raise awareness and understanding of good and normal maritime practices.

2
COURSE: NAUTICAL DRIVER
SUBJECT: LEGISLATION AND REGULATION
PROPULSION: MOTOR

CHARACTERISTICS: THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL
The development of the thematic units that will be presented below does not require
no prior knowledge. At this stage, training levels will be satisfied.
theoretical and practical, giving special emphasis to the latter during daylight hours to
to perform in navigation in lakes, inland rivers, Río de la Plata with limit of
departure at port.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Train to have fundamentals on the legislative and regulatory aspects that
they refer to sports navigation. The instruction will not lead to knowledge
detailed norms and rules, but rather the essentials for understanding duties
and rights, interpret what is seen and proceed with confidence.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Identify the marking and navigation aids: their application and
interpretation of their functions.
Acquire notions about the regime of nautical-sports activities, regarding
the vessels and their crew.
Acquire notions about the conventional, civil, and criminal regime, linked to the
sport boats and their crews.

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT entirely on board, teaching of theory and

practice. Suggested class hours 5 hours.

LEGISLATION AND REGULATION MATERIAL

UNIT 1. Knowledge and interpretation of the international regulation for
prevent the approaches and relevant parts of the national regulation are not
will require detailed knowledge of rules and regulations if not the essentials for
interpret what is sighted and proceed with safety, right of way for
boats powered by sail and engine.

UNIT 2. Recognition of buoys according to the color, light, and markings they exhibit
island system and previous.

UNIT 3. Notions about the regime of nautical sports activities in the domain
from the vessels registration certificate safety equipment, certification of
crew members and their responsibilities for dispatch to foreign ports or
national maritime on customs and immigration obligations.

3
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT: entirely on board, theoretical instruction and
suggested workload practice 12 hours. Class.

SUBJECT: SECURITY

UNIT 1. MARITIME NOMENCLATURE: Concept of port, starboard, bow,

stern, band, draft, beam, and length. Most common nautical knots.

UNIT 2. BASIC CONCEPTS ON VESSEL AND SECURITY

PEOPLE: Fault control and fire fighting. Concepts about: track
of water; notions of how to extinguish them. Fires: generating causes, elements that
they compete for it to occur, inflammation. Types of fire and with what kind of
Fire extinguishers are fought. Fuels: precautions before, during and after the
load; conditions that the elements comprising the circuit must have
combustible (pipes, trays, collectors, etc.). Procedure to follow in case of
fuel spills in bilge cleaning and ventilation. Radio communications:
rules for its use
constitutive and functions. Local meteorological phenomena.

UNIT 3. BOAT MANEUVERING: Preparation of the boat

to set sail. To start, to stop. To accelerate and decelerate. Reverse gear.

4
SUBJECT: SECURITY

UNIT I: Nautical Nomenclature.

CONCEPT OF:

Bow: it is the front end of the vessel,

ends in a sharp piece, called Roda, that
join at the bottom with the keel at the base of the board.

The stern is the opposite extreme of the bow.

various names from bottom to top starting from
its union with the keel. Example Codaste (place of
installation of the propellers and rudder). Following
Rounded bovedilla, below
Mirror or Shield (on which the name is printed and
registration port), and Crowning, union with the
Deck is the horizontal floor of the ship.

Band: is referred to as the starboard band or the port band,

according to the grid plan, what is it that
determine which band it corresponds to.

Port: Looking towards the bow of the ship

to the left of the beam plane receives the
port name.

Estribor: It is what is found to the right of the

crutch plan.

Crucible plan: it is the imaginary line that divides the

helmet in two symmetrical halves (strips).
Waterline: Line or cut of the surface of
water with the helmet separates the live work from the dead work.

Live work: Submerged part of the hull. The live work is

the entire volume that remains below the line of
floating.

Dead work: Emergent part of the hull. It is all that

remains above the waterline.

5
Length: it is the distance measured longitudinally
from bow to stern. There are different types of

Length in floating: it is the length of the

ship included between the ends of the
work life on the surface.
Length between perpendiculars: it is the distance between
the perpendicular to the flotation, drawn by the profile
exterior of the wheel and the perpendicular to it
plan, from the point of intersection of the floatation
with the axis of the rudder.

Manga: it is the width of the vessel. When referring to

manga we are only referring to the
maximum manga which is the distance measured between the
tangents at the sides of the ship in the section
teacher, that is in the master ledger
perpendicular to the waterline plane.

Puntal: It is the height or distance measured in a form

vertical from the upper face of the keel to the
the bottom side of the ship's rope.

Draft: it is the distance between the waterline

and the one that passes through the lower load of the keel.

6
MOST COMMON KNOTS:

AS A GUIDE: it is used to make a loop in the end of a rope or cable.

it is used to hitch on a bollard, in the mooring maneuver of a
they embarked, and for a wide variety of similar purposes. The bond that
it forms in the run and even after resisting certain tension when desired
can be easily untied.
LEAVE THE DOUBLE KNOT: its purpose is to prevent a line from moving,
example: the strap of a rigging through the eye of a block or tackle.

BOWLINE KNOT OR BOWLINE: It is the best

a hitch to secure a rope to a ring, perch or cylindrical piece.
These turns are not run, but when one makes a snitch, like by
For example, the bow of a boat, if the whip is too short it can come loose, because
whose reason it is advisable to finish them with one or two stitches.
UNIT Nº 1

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING THE

APPROACHES.

THE COLREG/72 is proposed of the following parts and annexes, in addition

of the body of the Treaty on which no statements are made
specific considerations:

1. Part 'A' GENERALITIES, (rules 1/3 included) that

specify the scope of application, including granted powers
to competent authority or to the government of any State and others
clarifications; the responsibility in the negligent application of
agreement and the general definitions that, some of them and, for the
application within the national jurisdiction has been complemented
with provisions included in Chapter 301 of REGINAVE.

2. The Part "B" RULES OF ROAD AND GOVERNANCE, which in turn are
subdivide into 3 sections namely.
a. Section 1. Conduct of ships in any condition of
visibility (rule 4/10 inclusive)
b. Section 2 Behavior of vessels that are located at the
view one from the other (Rules 11/18 inclusive) and
c. Section 3 Behavior of ships under conditions of
reduced visibility (Rule 19).
3. The Part 'C' Lights and Marks (Rule 20/31).

4. Part 'D' ACOUSTIC AND LIGHT SIGNALS (rules

32/37).

5. The Part 'E' EXEMPTIONS (Rule 38).

6. The Annexes I, II, III, and IV referring to the position and

technical characteristics of lights and markings; additional signals
for fishing vessels that are fishing very close to each other
others; technical details of acoustic signal devices and signals
of danger.
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING
APPROACHES.

LIGHTS AND MARKS

The Rules of this Part must be complied with under all conditions
meteorological.

The rules regarding lights must be obeyed from sunset.

until its exit, and during that interval, no other light will be displayed, with
the exception of those that cannot be confused with the lights
mentioned in this Regulation or that do not harm their visibility or
distinctive character, nor hinder the exercise of effective monitoring.

LIGHTS
a) The 'top light' is a white light placed on the ship's longitudinal axis, which shows its light.

without interruption across an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees, fixed at

a shape that is visible from the bow to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam of
each side of the ship.

b) The "side lights" are a green light on the starboard side and a
red light on the port side showing each one its light without
interruption across an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees, fixed at
shape that are visible from the bow to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam of
on its respective side. On vessels less than 20 meters long, the
side lights can be combined into a single lamp carried on the
longitudinal axis of the ship.

c) The 'reach light' is a white light placed as close as possible to

the prow that shows its light uninterrupted over a whole arch of the horizon
135 degrees, set so that it is visible in an arc of 67.5 degrees,
counted from the stern towards each side of the ship.

The 'towing light' is a yellow light with the same characteristics.

that the 'reach light' defined in theparagraph c), of this Regulation.

the "light all horizon" is a light that is visible without interruption in an arc of horizon of
360 degrees.

The 'flashing light' is a light that produces flashes at regular intervals, with a frequency of 120 or
more glimmers per minute.
BRANDS

a) The marks will be black and of the following dimensions:

i) the ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6 meters;

ii) the cone will have a base diameter of no less than 0.6 meters and a
height equal to its diameter;

iii) the cylinder will have a minimum diameter of 0.6 meters and a height
equal to twice its diameter

the iconic mark will be formed by two cones, like the

defined in the previous section ii), joined by their base.

b) The minimum vertical distance between marks will be 1.5 meters.

c) In vessels shorter than 20 meters, identifying marks may be used.

smaller dimensions, but proportional to the size of the
ship, which can also be reduced in proportion, the distance that the
separate.
MECHANICAL PROPULSION SHIPS IN NAVIGATION

a) Mechanically propelled vessels in navigation will display:

Up to 50 meters in length
• A white light with a limit.
Bow View

• A starboard band light.

• A port side light.

Stern View
• A range light

More than 50 meters in length

Bow top light.
Bow view
Behind and higher the top of
popa.

Strip lights.

Less than 12 meters

Like those under 50 meters or combined lantern

SAILBOATS UNDER SAIL

A red light on the entire horizon.
From Proa
A light, all green horizon.

Side lights.
A reach lamp.
From the priest
A red horizon.

A green horizon unites everything.

By Day • When sailing with both sail and motor, it will carry a
conical mark with the vertex pointing down.
 SAILING VESSELS UNDER 20 METERS IN LENGTH (OPTIONAL)

Combined lighthouse

Ship without Government

Of the Bow 2 red lights all around.

String lights
From the Priest •2 red lights all around. Light
of scope.
During the Day Two balls.

Anchored ship
Up to 50 meters A white light across the whole horizon.

More than 50 meters

• 2 lights all white horizon.

MANEUVER AND WARNING SIGNALS

When several ships are in sight of each other, every ship must
mechanical propulsion in navigation, when maneuvering according to the
authorized or required by these Rules, must:

a short blast to indicate: 'I fall to starboard';

- two short blasts to indicate: 'I am falling to port';

three short puffs to indicate: 'I'm backing up.'

Any vessel may complement the regulatory whistles of theparagraph

aInside this Rule through luminous signals that will be repeated, as per
the circumstances, throughout the duration of the maneuver:

The meaning of these light signals will be the following:

 a flash: "I fall to starboard";
-two flashes: "I fall to port";
three flashes: 'I am backing off.'
The duration of each flash will be approximately one second, and the
the interval between successive signals shall not be less than ten seconds.

When it is used, the light used for these signals will be white light all the time.
horizon, visible at a minimum distance of five miles, and will comply with
the specifications of theAnnex Iof this Regulation (Position and characteristics of lights
without marks

When a vessel intends to overtake another, it shall indicate its intention by making the following signals with
the whistle
Two long puffs followed by a short one to indicate: "I intend to
"to reach him by his starboard side".
- Two long blasts followed by two short blasts to indicate: 'I intend to reach you on your port side.'

The vessel that is going to be reached will indicate its compliance by making the following signal with the horn:
a long puff, a short one, a long one, and a short one, in this order.

In case of not presenting conformity or having doubts regarding the

interpretation will play five short and quick beeps.

RIGHTS OF WAY FOR POWERED VESSELS

By SAIL and MOTOR

WILL BE KEPT SEPARATE WILL MAINTAIN HIS DEFEAT

The mechanical propulsion without steering, with a capacity of

dedicated maneuver restricted.
Dedicated to fishing. From
sail.
The one with a candle. Without government, with the ability to
maneuver restricted.
Dedicated to fishing.

Dedicated to fishing. Without government, with capacity to

restricted maneuver.

All ships except: Without restrictions due to their draft, which

government or with capacity exhibits signs.
of restricted maneuvering (yes
the circumstances allow it
UNIT 2: NOTIONS ON VESSEL SECURITY AND
OF THE PEOPLE

The expression Navigation Safety encompasses a comprehensive idea.

of various issues that involve and are addressed to
the vessel (hereinafter ship), people and waterways.

When introducing ourselves to Security applied to maritime activity

we say that navigation safety tends to have
the suitable and necessary means under efficient conditions for
make the transit of vessels possible and safe. But not
it is not enough to arrange them; it is also necessary to preserve them and
this does not only depend on the construction and maintenance of the
installations by their managers, but also the effects not
always controllable caused by hydrometeorological reasons
adverse and those that may be caused by the vessel during the
navigation.

That idea includes, then, the ship sailing with its

characteristics and the environment in which he does it, to the man who it
governs and maneuvers, the waterways and their natural state and
artificial, to the navigation aids and to the different affections
that occur in this relationship.
It is necessary to keep in mind that the ship is a body that occupies a place in a discontinuous medium.
in which it will move. It has the hull submerged in the water and the dead work and the superstructure
subjected to the air. Both fluids offer resistance to any movement of the ship,
resistances that are different due to their varying densities.

There are numerous factors that affect a ship's action in

movement, whether it is related to river navigation or
sea, in deep or shallow waters, in open waters or
restricted or of maneuvers (at sea, in rivers, in port or
of anchoring, tasks that the affected vessel is engaged in, etc.).
The mastery of knowledge of the nature of the forces and of
the magnitudes that affected the ship will be essential
to foresee in advance this reaction and thus
to really control the movements of the vessel and not be seen
surprised by them.

When a force (push generated by the propulsor) is applied

about the ship, the acceleration it produces will put it
generally, in motion, overcoming the resistances that
they offer the fluids that surround it and increase its speed
 until the moment it reaches equilibrium,
moment from which the ship will move with
uniform motion and constant speed. Whenever
incorporate a new force or vary the intensity and/or the direction and/or the sense of
any of those involved will change the conditions and the ship will acquire the
movement that deserves the new situation of equilibrium.

It can be understood then that the way in which it will behave

The ship in that environment will depend on the attendance of a series.
of factors that can initially be cited as:

The means of propulsion.

The system of government.

The moorings.

The funding team.

The hydrometeorological conditions.

The characteristics of the living and dead work.

The depth and width of the navigable area.

This must necessarily be complemented with the knowledge that is

have from the position or situation of the ship, where the methods of
position, variables depending on the navigation aids
that are employed, will contribute to the set of preventive measures and
of action towards the safety of the vessel and in many of the routes
navigable and the environment.

The captain, master, or helmsman of the vessel is responsible

directly responsible for the safety of your crew and the vessel
in his/her position.

Analyzing the causes and circumstances of many cases of accidents that occurred, one arrives at the
conclusion that there has been little attention regarding:

The good preservation of the hull structure.

Lack of crew training.

-And with the non-use of the available elements.

The damaged ship may survive in the waters on some occasions.

calms by maintaining only buoyancy and stability but
 very often, he will be unable to do this lacking
of power.
It is also important to be aware of and practice the zafarranchos.
joint effort made by the crew to save
situations of urgency) and these are:

-Collision
-From the fire

- Of abandonment

FAULT CONTROL AND FIRE FIGHTING

YOUR OBJECTIVE Prevent the loss of the vessel Applicable to all

Buoyancy

Sufficient calm water.

Stability

Save the ship

IN EMERGENCY →

Energy For services of

state government
Propulsion sea
unfavorable.

STRUCTURE
Fire prevention

Against flooding

Men's team
trained

BASE Repair of faults

Restoration of services.
 - Ensure stability

- Flood control

- Control and extinguish fires

MISSION - Establish and communicate alarms and roles

- Perform first aid

- Carry out emergency repairs

- Keep all the material

- Train the staff

- Reset services

- Any other security mission that is assigned to you.

Fires

- Limit it

- Control it
LOCATE IT Identify it → Combat it →

- Extinguish it

How can it be explained better?

Where has the fire broken out?

What is it that burns?

What has been the generating cause?

What is the extent of the fire?

What fuel is there nearby, in the side compartments?

the ones above and the ones below?

What are the vents and ventilation intakes?

What openings can facilitate the spread?

If the fire pumps provide the necessary pressure.

If the fixed equipment, emulsifiers, generators, and portable ones are found
ready to operate.

What is the appropriate fighting method?

What is the best technique to prevent the spread, that is

limit it or circumscribe it?

What is the best technique to control it and achieve extinction?

not affecting stability and causing the least damage possible
in the equipment and installations?

CONCEPTS ABOUT WATERWAY

Notion on how to close them: small courses in the living work can be closed.
placing shims, wooden blocks or wedges. For this purpose, simply use soft wood that
 Soaking and swelling will help the plug adhere strongly, do not use.
wood that has been painted or take into account that the square section plugs are
better than the conical ones; if the plug is wrapped with tarps or rags, caulk the edges with
stops, so that the closure is more complete.

IDEAS ON HOW TO BLOCK A WATERWAY

How to act?

Living work Shims, wedges, blocks,

Small paths shutters,
Dead work supports, pallets
rags, canvases, etc.

Seal a malfunction There are different methods depending on the

→ nature, dimensions and location of
the breakdown.

Directions of meaning in the living work with abundant entry of

water

1. Establish limits for communication of the malfunction, reducing it to the most

small possible.
2. Repair or plug.

Directions in the dead work

Courses in the dead work → Above the waterline → they can be

more dangerous, → repairing more easily → having
priority.

Pipes 1. Temporarily repair with sealing,

formwork, shuttering.
 To disconnect and repair definitively.

For small Rumbos → soft wood blocks, wedges, and square section dowels.
conical, wrapped in rags or canvases and caulking.

Shutters → from outside to inside, → according to the shape of the edges → location and means
available.
FIRE GENERATION

FIRE TRIANGLE

According to the place where it occurs:

Confinement Fire.
- Stage:
Incipient – pure air – smoke.
Intermediate decreases smoke.
Generalized combustion flame generator.
Slow combustion oxygen below 15%

2. Open Fire.
 CLASSES OF FIRE

Type of
Foam Anhydride
agent
fire extinguisher
Water chemistry or carbonic or Chemical powder
Type of
fire
mechanics inert gas
Yes Yes No No
(Soak the (Refrigerate the (it's not The dust
material turned on your recommended common chemical no
Solid combustible e particles but it can it is advisable)
prevents the re they displace to to be used in
turned on). oxygen). small
fires
No Yes If If
The (The foam separates (Chokes it does not leave (Suppresses the
fuels the liquid waste. No chemical reaction
liquids float and set on fire of the affects the in a chain).
the water them oxygen for what material neither to
Liquid it will scatter without it suffocates him/her the foods)
put out the fire
that will extend
on the surface)
No No If If
(Leads the (Drive the (does not drive the) (Does not drive the)
electricity electricity electricity, no electricity
Electric damages the
teams and not
leave waste
To combat metal fires, fuels such as the
Metals magnesium, zirconium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.

FIRE: a product of combustion is considered as a reaction

chemistry motivated by the combination of a fuel with a
Combustion generally involves oxygen from the air, with the release of heat.
When a combustible substance is heated to reach its
ignition temperature will catch fire and continue burning as long as there is
fuel, proper temperature, and oxygen.

IGNITION TEMPERATURE: It is the minimum temperature at which a

solid, liquid, or gaseous substance must be heated in order to initiate a
combustion and being able to sustain itself, regardless of
the external sources of heat, we can also add for the case of the
flammable liquids other common terms that are closely related
with the temperatures, to such an extent, that their use becomes more
dangerous, the higher the temperatures they are subjected to
through the generation of vapors.
FLASH POINT: It is the lowest temperature at which a
combustible liquid releases enough vapors to form with the
make a flammable mixture that will ignite if a flame is brought near but without
maintain the combustion.

FLASH POINT: This temperature is a few degrees Celsius

higher than the inflammation is the lowest at which the speed of
The release of vapors that mix with the air is such that once
Once the combustion is initiated, it will continue to burn without the need to approach.
again a flame.

The three elements mentioned, fuel, oxidizer, and heat, are what
they make up the well-known triangle of fire, in whose theory it is stated that
for a fire to start, the same must be present in
proportions and ideal conditions, for this reason the lack or suppression of
some of them prevent combustion from happening. For many
For years, the technique used for firefighting was based on three.
principles.
1. by cooling: lowering the temperature below the
ignition of the elements in combustion.
2. removing the fuel: separating or interrupting the supply
of fuel, etc.
3. By suffocation: suppressing or lowering the percentage of oxygen.

PYRAMID OF FIRE
In the studies conducted over the last 40 years, researchers
they have agreed on the existence of a fourth actor called reaction in
chain that intervenes actively during the
combustion.
The incorporation of this new factor introduced
some variations in the graphic representation of
fire decided to adopt the tetrahedron and not the
square because each face, in addition to
respond to each of the four elements this
directly linked and in connection with the
four elements are directly linked and in
connection with the other three, in the same way as in
the case of the fire triangle to eliminate one or
more elements of the tetrahedron will make it
incomplete and consequently it will be interrupted the
combustion.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
In order to facilitate extinguishing, the fires have been grouped into four.
classes, based on the appropriate extinguishing agents to combat each
one of them.
1. Class A fires: they occur in materials.
solid fuels such as wood, paper, cardboard, fibers
textiles, cereal grains, pastures, waste, etc. When burning it
they do throughout their mass giving rise to the formation of embers, the
The appropriate extinguishing agents are:
a. Water, which acts by cooling and suffocation.
b. Chemical, mechanical or air foams and forming
watery film, which contains water in adequate percentages.
c. Chemical powder a.b.c. triclase, which extinguishes the flames when
dissolve the particles forming a layer over the materials
in combustion. If necessary, it can be completed.
extinction with water.
2. Class B fire: they occur in a mixture of vapors or
gases - air over the surface of flammable liquids such as
fuel, gasoline, paints, greases, oils, solvents, etc. In fires
incipient extinction is achieved by the suppression of air or the
interruption of the chain reaction. In this class, it is also
they include natural gases, propane, and butane that burn in their mass
quickly, the extinction technique is to saturate them with agents
inert and cut off their contact with the heat source, the agents
appropriate are:
a. Chemical powders in their various types and capacities
fire extinguishers: solid base, monees type potasite and ABC
triclase, these agents act on the flame interrupting the
chain reaction.
b. Foams, chemicals, and mechanical physics or air and formers of
aqueous film-forming foam. AFFF type Light water that act by
suffocation forming a blanket over the inflamed liquid.
c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) that acts by suffocation.
d. Water, using only mist nozzles whose
small droplets reduce the temperature below that of
ignition, water should never be directed in a jet form
plan, as this favors the propagation of the
fire
3.Class C fires: generally this type of fire originates
in some electrical circuit, it then spreads to other materials
fuels located in the vicinity transforming into fires
combined AC or BC it is advisable to initially cut the
 electric current and do not use water or foam, the extinguishing agents for
should not be conductors of electricity, for example:
a. Chemical powders in their different varieties.
b. Carbon dioxide.
c. Halogenated hydrocarbons or vaporizing liquids.
d. Water or foam once the energy supply is cut off.
4. Class D fire: these are caused by combustible metals.
such as magnesium, zirconium, steel, titanium, aluminum, lithium, sodium,
etc. When they are in the form of powders, wool, or
filings ignite very easily developing high temperatures
temperatures, to extinguish this type of fires it is necessary to
extinguishing agents, equipment, and special techniques suitable for
each one of them. The common extinguishing agents stated for
ABC class fires should not be used, as there is a danger of
increase the intensity of the fire or cause explosions by
chemical reactions between the extinguishing agents and the metal that is
burning.

FIRE SPREAD
By direct contact: it is the most well-known means of propagation of the
fire, upon coming into contact with flames, flammable materials or
nearest fuels.
By conduction: when heating a conductive body or object, the
Heat transfer occurs intermolecularly, we can cite
for example: the steel bar subjected to the action of the flames in one
from its ends; the heat generated in a fire is transmitted from a
environment to another adjacent one, through the wall that separates them.
By convection: it is the transmission of heat through a circulating medium, already
liquid or gaseous sea, when the bottom part of a
container or enclosure that holds a fluid, the part of greatest
the temperature of this becomes lighter and rises, at the same time it is
replaced at the bottom by a cold layer, which when heated
repeat the cycle, thus establishing it continuously
exchange of cold and hot layers. The more intense the fire,
the greater the velocity of the flow movement.
Through radiation: the heat waves released in all directions by
a hot body, they move in a straight line until they remain
absorbed or reflected by another leather with a shiny surface or partly
pass through matter. The amount of radiant heat that reaches a
body exposed to radiation, depends on the temperature difference
between the heat source and the body, and in turn, the nature of this to
the distance that separates both; so for example we have the transmission
of the heat that the earth receives from the sun or that radiated by the fire on the
 people or nearby objects, this form of heat transfer can
to spread the fire to neighboring facilities or structures, which
Every effort must be made to prevent these from reaching.
the ignition temperature.

MEASURES TO PREVENT FIRE IN AN ENGINE.

In the event of a fire, it is advisable to initially cut off communication.
input of food and the cutting of electric circuits and in a second
place to attack with a suitable extinguisher at the main source based on
the flame.

CO2 extinguishers are suitable for this type of fire, as long as

Foam ones are very suitable for fuel fires.
liquids, but not for fires, in electrical circuits. In the presence of
of any kind of fire, place the vessel in such a way that the
llamas or the high temperature produced by them comes out through the belt of
leeward without affecting the rest of the rigging or internal structure, will be sufficient to
this with doing the proper maneuver with the helm.

FUEL LOADING: In this operation, it will be necessary to put

maximum caution to elements that may trigger a fire,
such as: nearby fires, cigarettes, welders, lit stoves,
motors, etc. A collection tray should always be placed to collect from this.
how to delimit the spill area.

ENGINE STARTUP: One must keep in mind before this

operation, the existence of flammable gases or the presence of
fuels in the bilge. It is not advisable to attempt persistent starting
in an engine choked by the accumulation of gases until they are evacuated or
clear them from the environment.

PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW IN CASE OF FUEL SPILL

IN THE SUMP. Recommendations: the first thing to do is
completely remove the spilled fuel from the bilge, clean very
well the place that the fuel occupies in it and ventilate at least
3 to 5 minutes before starting the engine.

PYROTECHNIC SIGNALS: Recommendations on their use and

conservation.

Handheld flares and sky rockets with parachutes. They can be used during the day but
they lose effectiveness the more light there is, but they are extremely
visible in the dark.
The hand flare is a special plastic tube that contains substances.
chemicals (metallic magnesium powder and strontium nitrate) that produces
an intense light when burning.

It is lit at one end by means of a

friction that is on the other end. The lids are
they distinguish in the darkness because the one that is
turn on this moleteada.
Once lit, it must be held with the arm.
extended, out of the vessel pointing
in the same direction as the wind, for in case
if any glowing ash detaches
would cause severe and more severe burns in
the case of an inflatable boat, because a course
it is very difficult to repair in water.
Once the handheld flare is lit, it burns for 60 to 90 seconds depending on the
type of flare and it is very difficult to extinguish.
In case of falling into the water, it can be retrieved; it is possible that it remains lit.
if not, it can be lit again with a match or lighter or with
another flare before it goes out.
Never try to extinguish the flare with a fire extinguisher, the most practical way
it is to crush the lit part like a cigarette.
The light can be seen from 30 km. In the case of being on the bridge of a ship.
in all cases it is visible from the horizon, and in the case of a boat or
a boat that holds the flare 1.50 meters above the water will be visible
from 8 to 10 km.

THE BENGAL OR ROCKET WITH PARACHUTE: it is a device consisting of

in an aluminum launcher tube of about 40 cm in length by 4 mm of
diameter, within which a housing also made of reinforced aluminum is housed
with the propulsion engine at the bottom and the light with the parachute at the
top part.
To launch it, hold the outer tube with one hand for which it has been ...
removed the caps from the ends. The shot will be made in the direction that
indicate the arrow to which one should aim upwards in order to reach
the maximum height or at 45º, if there were low clouds.
Please note that if fired at less than 45º it may fall lit.
With the other hand, the hammer is cocked, which ignites a
mecha interior whose fire shoots the rocket or engine that in a second
it transmits to the casing the impulse that takes it to 300 meters in height. In the
at the moment of starting to fall, the light from the casing detaches, and remains
hanging the same that in turn hangs from the parachute, producing a
lighting of an intensity of 30 to 40,000 candelas for more than 30
seconds.
There are other types of signals that, although not required by the
regulations are very effective.
Example, signal pistol that allows shooting stars or rockets with
parachute, also red smoke signals for days signals and in the other
extreme the red light for the night.

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
Rules for its use: in order to avoid interference and
facilitate the use of the communication means you have,
pay attention to the following recommendations:
Listen before transmitting to avoid interrupting others.
communications.
2. Use the minimum power (1 watt) to communicate with stations
That are close to its position (the excellent power that
your team will interfere with the communications of more stations
away from the one you do not listen to.
The channel 16 will only be used for distress and emergency cases.
security

Channel 16 the frequency is

156,800 MHz.
Channel 14 the frequency is
156,700 MHz.
Channel 12 the frequency is
156,600 MHz.

4. Calls to be made on channel 16 must be concise and address

to mainly give its position, type of emergency, quantity of
people on board, type of assistance needed, elements of
security it possesses, etc.
5. For communications between vessels, use the channels
established especially for that purpose, preventing to affect the
assigned to institutions and special traffics.

RECEPTION OF SECURITY MESSAGES:

Every dispatch that you hear preceded by one of the words
the following refers to security:
"MAYDAY" (DANGER): Indicates that a ship, an aircraft, or another
the vehicle is threatened by a serious or imminent danger and requests
immediate assistance.

•"PAN" (EMERGENCIES): Indicates that the station calling has a

very urgent dispatch to transmit, related to security of
a ship, an aircraft or another vehicle, or the safety of a
person

"SECURITY" (SECURIDAD): Indicate that the station is about to

transmit a dispatch related to navigation safety
what includes important weather notices.

If you hear these words, pay special attention to the message.

take note of the name of the vessel that emits it, its position, type
in case of emergency and any other information it issues, immediately
Afterwards, inform the Coastal Station of the
Argentine Naval Prefecture of the area where you are located or of
any other with which it can establish communication.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
When you need to issue a security message, keep in mind that:
1. You must start your security call by repeating three times the
word that corresponds according to the type of emergency
(MAYDAY, PAN, SECURITY), and then name of
ship, position, type of emergency or assistance needed, and
If possible, it will also add data that may be important.
so that other ships can rescue it. This will alert the
stations that are eventually operating or in
listen on channel 16, those who will cause radio silence and
they will pay special attention to your message, these stations, when
There are connectivity problems with P.N.A stations due to
reason of distance or propagation, may retransmit their
message.
2. If the emergency situation you are in allows it
report: the characteristics of your vessel (amount of
crew members
existing in the area) their importance lies in that
counting on that information, the media that stands out in its
they will be duly informed about the data
supplied by the emergency ship, to achieve that the
rescue is 100% effective.
 SPORTS NAUTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
(SECONADE)

OBJECTIVE: This service aims to allow vessels

sports the possibility of taking communications of sports interest, of
tie and security.

COMPONENTS: The SECONADE will be composed of the following

stations:

1. Costeras FC-D: Installed and operated by recognized nautical clubs

by the Argentine Naval Prefecture and authorized for this service by the
National Telecommunications Commission.

2. Costeras FC-G: Installed and operated by recognized nurseries as

such by the Argentine Naval Prefecture and authorized only for this
service by the National Telecommunications Commission.

3. Coastal FS: The coastal stations of the SECOSENA Service of the

communications for Navigational Safety in charge of
Argentine Naval Prefecture.

4. Mobile: sports vessels over one ton,

registered in the Special Registry of Yachts (REY) and those under a
ton, registered in the local records of the Naval Prefecture
Argentina. In addition, those with foreign flags of the conditions
established in article 904.4.

THE ARGENTINE NAVAL PREFECTURE:

It will intervene under the following circumstances:
1. When a frequency that has not been authorized is emitted.
2. Transmit music or any other signal that is not the specific one of
authorized service.
3. Use expressions that go against the norms of morality and good manners.
customs.
4. Intentionally keep the transmitter activated when the
the channel is in use by another user.
5. Make a comment of a political, radical, or religious nature.
6. Lack of display and/or possession on board of the documentation and
regulatory publications.
7. Operation of equipment by unqualified persons and without cause
justified.
8. disrespect for the procedural rules regarding
communications and security listening.
LOCAL AND GENERAL METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
FROM KM 0 OF THE BLACK RIVER.

The river cliffs are made up of white sand and clay; they are very
broken and divided.
From Patagones, the river maintains its course, nearly brushing the foot of the
gorge, however, suffers deviations due to lateral erosion and
changes the formation of the banks as a consequence of the drag of
arena during the floods.
The most pronounced variations in the position of the banks occur
in the section between the Paloma Grande pass and the area of the
mouth being navigable in rising water up to Patagones with
shallow-draft vessels since the bar closes the mouth
The river only allows the passage of vessels less than 2.4 meters.
The mouth of the black river, obstructed by large banks that form bars of
difficult passage, especially when strong winds blow from the second and
third quadrant, with vessels being forced to wait for the tide
to cross them.
With the presence of a large number of sandbanks that alter
significantly the direction of the tidal currents
and natural drainage flow of the Black River, causing them to
they vary in their intensity and fundamentally in their direction according to the
position of the banks in the sector, the bank Miguel that is going through
perpendicularly, the mouth of the river generates in that sector a
permanent breaker that considerably limits the output or input of
vessels from its shores.

ROUND TIP
It forms the eastern tip of the entrance to the Río Negro and is constituted by a
Cone-shaped dune of 9.6 m in height, viewed from the East
it appears as a set of three mounds.

Medano Point
The western tip of the entrance to the Río Negro is sandy and devoid.
of vegetation. During the great floods, it is covered by the waters,
seeming like the mouth of the river.

THE AREA KNOWN AS 'LA BARRA' (KM 0 of the Río Negro).

Drainage area of the Río Negro, allows for the outflow and inflow of
vessels to the maritime area adjacent to the mouth; said mouth
limits to the SW by the bank of Miguel and to the NE by the coast with the province of
Buenos Aires. It does not present problems regarding depth.
(taking into account the draught of smaller vessels) and the width of
the same (varies depending on tide conditions) allows for easy
franking for vessels of such characteristics.
The banks of the bar are continuously changing. At low tide, both the
Miguel bank that extends from Punta Medano, like the banks of the
If from the bar, they remain uncovered. One can only cross the bar in
high tide. The best time to cross the bar is one hour before
from the high tide moment when the river stops rising, it must be taken into account
that the vacant reaches 7 knots.

BREAK GENERATED BY WINDS FROM THE 2ND AND 3RD QUADRANT.

Such winds seriously hinder navigation in the area, even more so the
postage of 'La Barra'. The depth in rapid decline generated
by the banks, they produce a significant increase in the height of the waves
what makes maritime navigation in the area risky with S winds or
SW. The Miguel bank generates a breaker that crosses transversely the
entering the bar which causes on one side the impossibility of locating the
income bank (especially considering the low eye height of a
vessels of those characteristics) and on the other hand, the considerable waves
height that falls across any vessel that attempts the
Postage of the same with SE wind, the waves are almost heading in the same direction.
the mouth, which fundamentally complicates the entry of vessels
to the river they must do it with the 'stern sea', with the consequent risk
of scarce governance of the vessel.
With NW winds, the breakers calm down, barely noticeable on the
provided by the banks, the opposite happens with the wind from the East to the SW with
that the sea is choppy. The most violent breakers form in front of Punta
Round with wind from the South and Southeast.
The current out of the river pulls along the coast towards the NE.

LACK OF SIGNAGE.
There is no type of reference (on land or water) that indicates its
location, which requires knowledge of the area. This identification
it is possible from the sea when the hydrometeorological conditions are
Good, it allows to see and identify the coast.

METEOROLOGY: The average annual atmospheric pressure is 1009.3 MB.

TEMPERATURE: The average annual temperature is 14º C.

CLOUDS: The average annual cloudiness level (scale from 0 to 8) is 4.3 with
a maximum value of 5 in June and July and a minimum of 3.4 in February.

PRECIPITATION: The average annual precipitation is 375 mm.

WINDS. The predominant direction corresponds to the North with 19%, this
predominance is accentuated from March to August, the other extreme
corresponds to the East and SE with a value of 8% and 5%.

LOCAL CIRCULATIONS.

SEA BREEZE. This is a coastal circulation and occurs as

result of the temperature difference between the sea or the surface of
water and the adjacent land, which is why these winds occur during certain times
in summer when there are many hours of sunshine, in the morning, if the
the sky is clear, the ground heats up faster than it
water, so the air over the land consequently shows a greater
heating up, becoming less dense and begins to rise, the place
what this air leaves, is occupied by air that descends, is established at height
a circulation from land that closes the cycle, if the air has on the surface
humid, over land, some clouds may appear coinciding with the
movement of ascent, the development of the breeze continues throughout the day,
reaching its highest intensity until the early hours of the afternoon, for
begin to decline from that moment on and end shortly after the
fall of the sun. It is noteworthy that over the water; the movements of
descent does not allow the formation of clouds, or if they are present,
they tend to dissolve.

VIRAZON. The previous description assumes that the circulation type

synoptic, that is to say it was due to the large pressure systems, it is
relatively weak or simply absent, it may happen that the
wind in synoptic origin opposes the direction of the breeze, in this case
it will decrease its action or nullify it. If instead it blows in the same
direction, will reinforce it, if the direction of the synoptic wind is more or
less parallel to the coast, the appearance of the breeze will cause a deviation
of the same, producing the swell, as the wind turns towards the coast. In
in tropical regions, the breeze phenomenon is more pronounced due to
the temperature difference between the land and the sea is usually more noticeable,
able to develop over land, clouds of great vertical development and
storms.

PENETRATION IN LAND AND SEA. With the development of the breeze, the
extension or penetration in land and sea is growing, it can reach
from a few kilometers on land, to 150 kilometers in the plains. Over the sea,
the penetration is usually greater, as the friction is lower, varies between
30 and 200 km, or more depending on the intensity of traffic.
INFLUENCE OF COASTAL SHAPES. The shape of the coasts
it affects the direction of the breezes, due to vapor and forming fog.
For its formation, it is necessary for the winds to be moderate between 8 and 24.
Km in such a way that a constant flow of warm air can be maintained
humid.
Advection fogs are common along the coasts.
especially in winter when the humid air from the sea flows
towards the land. In this season, the sea temperature is higher than
of the earth, so the warmer air cools over the continent
advective fog is being generated.
In the summer, the phenomenon occurs in reverse, warm air flows
from land to sea, there it meets a cold surface, producing
thus, by its cooling, the advective fog over the sea.
Similarly, when two ocean currents of different temperatures
it is located, and the air moves from an area with sea temperatures
warmer towards another with lower temperature, it is possible to find banks
of advective fog.
This type of fog is very persistent, usually dense and tends to have
large vertical extent and only dissipate when the warm airflow ceases
that originated them well when the wind speed increases.
They occur more frequently in winter, when the air is more
cold, and the slight cooling is enough for it to reach saturation.
In particular, between 30 and 37 degrees south latitude, off the Uruguayan coast
and Buenos Aires, the meeting of the warm current from Brazil occurs and the
Falkland cold current. This is an area with frequent fogs.
adjectives about the sea.

EVAPORATION NEBULA
Sea smoke; this type of fog originates when a current of air
cold moves or remains over the relatively warmer sea,
under these conditions, there is an incorporation of water vapor from the
sea surface to the air. This vapor saturates the cold air, and then it
condenses, leading to the formation of fogs.
This type of fog is common in polar areas when the air moves.
about the ice-free sea.
The surface of the water gives the impression of "smoking" in the same way.
that when water is heated in a container.
They are of little vertical thickness and generally faint, dissipating a few hours later.
after the sunrise.

COLD AIR OVER WARMER SEA. The air mass is heated.

from below, because convective movements develop within it, in
a situation like this simultaneously the air mass also receives humidity from
Sea because it is very common for cumulonimbus clouds to develop.
congestus and even cumulonimbus, in satellite images, appear from
a very characteristic way, spread regularly, forming small
croissants with an average length of about 50 to 80 km, being of a width
an average of about 10 to 20 km, are generally located in a way
perpendicular to the direction of the wind, the time inside a mass of
air with this route is generally windy, and there may be gusts,
since showers accompanied by fall from the cumulus or cumulus calabash.
of descending currents and gust fronts. Between a crescent moon and the
next there are spaces where the sky is blue, the distance
between one croissant and the next is variable, but in general the intervals
They are about 50 km. There may be some areas where the clouds are.
closer and with greater development, these areas coincide with a center
of low pressure, although relatively weak, visibility within these
Air masses are usually good except, of course, at the moments and areas in
that is precipitating.

WARM AIR OVER COLD SEA. This case is the opposite of the previous one.
that is to say, heat transport is from the air to the adjacent water.
Turbulent movements, this is if air ascents occur, are in
block, of large portions of air which gives rise to the formation of
stratiform clouds, nimbostratus, altostratus.
Fog is also very common, which ultimately is nothing more than
stratus clouds at ground level, the sky, if there are no clouds, presents
a milky or hazy aspect, this is due to its stratification, the
air keeps the lower layers at 1500 meters to 2000 meters or less, all
the dry particles in the atmosphere, such as dust, sea salt, smog,
etc, producing the turbidity effect.

SOUTHEASTERLY WINDSTORM. It is characterized by strong winds from the SE in the River area.
from the Plata accompanied by persistent bad weather, continuous rains and
low temperature values, it is important to highlight the severe
rising waters that occur and lead to flooding on the coasts
Argentinians are generally produced in the winter months and at
the beginning of spring, and it is due to the combined action of two
systems, one of high pressure centered on the central Patagonia coast and
other low pressure systems or cyclonic systems located in the south of the
coastal province.
The anticyclone with its circulation transports cold maritime air towards the east of
the Province of Buenos Aires, southern coastal area and southern Uruguay, while the
low pressure allows the entry of a warm and humid air mass coming from the
north of the country. In this circumstance, when both air masses meet
distinct properties form a frontal zone that leads to overcast sky and
heavy precipitation.
The greatest damage caused by the southeast wind is related to the
floods on the right bank of the River Plate and Delta area,
the critical height of a river is constant for each location, level above the
the overflow and flooding begins in the Río de la Plata at 2.70
mts, (traffic light of the creek). The strong southeast wind generally occurs
between March and October, the month of June has the highest average of
strong southeast winds, July shows the highest number of days in October.
more frequently, with an average of three days per month between July and
October accounts for 48% of the total of the year.

PAMPERO. The origin of the pampero dates back to the arrival of the Spaniards.
to the Río de la Plata who were struck by the strong wind of
sector SO that brought fresh and dry air. The ancient colonizers
they observed weather changes in Argentina very different from those that
In Europe, he was struck by continuous north winds that
they produced high temperature and humidity and then the passage of a front
cold, with a sharp drop in temperature, there was born the phrase "northern hard"
Pampero Sure, the cold air advancing from the south is very dry because
it lost humidity when crossing the mountain range, it is called Humid Pampero
when precipitation occurs immediately after the cold front
and conversely Pampero Seco, if the wind from the SW or S does not produce rain
And produces dust storms, it is called dirty pampero.

Under such circumstances, it is recommended to all navigators that before

departures must be informed of the local weather forecast and the
valid perspectives for the next day, this makes for navigation
safe and helps the navigator to make decisions about behavior towards
to follow.
FOUNDATION CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENT
The mooring line consists of:
Anchor.
Anchor rod
Arganeo
Initial location
Chain.

THE ANCHOR is the instrument of

iron or steel, resilient and heavy, in the shape of a harpoon that is joined to a
a line, cable or rope secured by the other end on board, is thrown into the water
to hold the ship in place and prevent it from being dragged by winds and
currents when it catches at the bottom, the most used is the Danforth type.
DETAIL OF AN ANCHOR.
CONCRETE. Reinforcement that is placed in a chain link so that it does not
it deforms where it is stretched and prevents it from tangling.

CADENAS. Each of the ship's anchors carries a chain of

elliptical links with a crossbar at the concrete of the minor axis.

FUNDING SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS.

ESCOBEN. It is used to house the anchor rod inside it.

COVERING. Its primary function is to maneuver the chain with its

anchor

ANCHOR. To anchor by securing the anchor properly to

a rope or chain grab those nails at the bottom and the ship
I remained subject.
UNIT 3. MANEUVERING WITH VESSELS.
Preparation of the vessel for departure.

Before setting sail, it must be verified if all elements are on board.

for the safety of all the people who will board the vessel such as
as well as the documentation that proves identification and ownership
from the vessel, receipt of the last payment of the fixed annual fee of the
current year, driver's license, this will help with the controls
carried out by the Argentine Naval Prefecture and will avoid delays to the
nautical conductors.

STARTING THE ENGINE. It is to start the engine of the

Vessel to carry out this maneuver must take into account:
1. That the gear lever is in the neutral position.
2. That there is no fuel spill.
3. That the engine's leg is submerged in water (this should never be done)
run the engine for more than a minute out of the water because the pump
water can be damaged by overheating of the engine.

ENGINE RUNNING:
Frequently check the operation of the cooling system
during the entire sailing, a continuous stream of discharged water
by the water pump indicator, ensures operation
appropriate from it.
To navigate forward, you must do it with the engine unlocked.
to avoid accidents or breakage, in the event of being hit
against a submerged obstacle.

ACCELERATE THE MOTOR. Turn the throttle control clockwise.

counterclockwise and to decrease the speed turn the control of
acceleration in the direction of the clock's hands.
To shift to forward, neutral or reverse gear, you must decrease
the speed to the lowest possible, in this way possible damage will be avoided to
motor.

TO REVERSE. The engine must be locked with the

engine beam lever and take extra care since the
motors sailing in reverse does not have automatic protection
declination, in the case of hitting an obstacle submerged.
Then to engage forward gear you must unlock the engine, to avoid the
aforementioned consequences.
VARIETIES AND TYPES OF BUOYS
The buoys are floating markers located in the sea that are commonly used to
they are found anchored to the bottom. The buoys can serve for various
purposes, although the main function is to guide boats
through the signaling of channels and navigable routes, likewise
they are used to indicate danger zones or to mark the existence of some type of
cables or underwater pipes. Throughout the entire ocean we can
Find different types of buoys and a variety of shapes and styles, the
there are luminous, blind, spherical, cylindrical, conical, and a long etc. the most
Used today are the conic and cylindrical.

There are a great variety of different types of buoys, in any case the
the basic principle is the same and they are generally hollow and tend to be
inflated with air or some type of gas (neutral), although it is also possible
find some types of buoys filled with solid materials, always
that are lighter than water, for example, polyethylene foam. The
The purpose of using this material is simple, it prevents in case of an accident.
the buoy's content fills with water or loses air, thus remaining without its
Floating qualities. All types of buoys owe their flotation to
Archimedes' principle, that is, its mass is less than that of its volume.
equivalent in water.
The buoys are made up of different parts, the part that floats in the
The surface is called the hull or floating body, which can be extended.
downwards into waters of great depth, this piece is usually called
what is it where the counterweights and the devices that
join at the bottom (if needed) and finally the upper structure
that depending on the buoy it can be constructed of different
materials, commonly metal or plastic, and it is where the lights are located,
this piece is called a tower. The buoys that are tied to the bottom are
attached to concrete or cast iron structures.

THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUOYS

The different types of buoys can be classified according to their purpose.
We can find signaling buoys, that is, buoys whose function is
help in navigation by delineating a maritime channel, obstacles or areas
administrative, thus providing security to the ships. On the other
on the side we find the life buoys, which were designed to be
reached a person who is in the water to provide them
floating and time for the rescue team to arrive to assist her. There is
a type of special buoys that perform specific functions
managed by radar signals. Some of these specialize in the
detection of tsunamis or tidal waves or any type of natural phenomenon
extreme, these buoys detect changes in water pressure.
TYPES OF BUOYS
Cylindrical. Buoy in which the part
superior of her body (above the
waterline) or the highest part
important of the superstructure have
approximately the shape of a cylinder.

Conical: buoy in which the upper part of its

body (above the waterline) the
most important part of the superstructure
they are approximately cone-shaped
truncated with the vertex facing up.

Spherical: buoy on which the upper part of its

body (above the waterline) or the
the main structure is spherical.

Castillete: Buoy whose visible part supports a tower of

gridded or solid, in which it carries the light and/or the mark of
top.

Spar: Buoy in shape of

post that floats almost vertically.
BEACONING SYSTEM

The aim is to indicate:

a) The lateral limits of navigable channels.
b) Natural hazards and other obstacles, such as shipwrecks.
c) Other areas or configurations important for the navigator.
d) New dangers.

TYPES OF SIGNALS. The marking system comprises five types.

of signals, which can also be used in a combined form:
a) Side signals, used together with a sense
conventional marking and generally applied for channels
well-defined, these signals mark the port and starboard sides of
the route to follow, where the canal splits, a signal may be used
modified lateral to indicate the preferred route, the lateral signals
they differ from each other in the signaling regions A and B.
b) Cardinal directions, used together with the compass of
navigator, to indicate where you can find navigable waters.
c) Isolated danger signals, to indicate isolated dangers of size
limited, and have navigable waters all around.
d) Safe water signals, to indicate what turn to take around your position
the waters are navigable, for example, signal of halfway channel.
e) Special signals, whose main purpose is not to aid in the
navigation, but to indicate an area or setting to which it refers
references in nautical documents.

METHOD USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE SIGNALS.

The meaning of a signal depends on one or more of its characteristics.
following:
At night, color and rhythm of light.
By day, color, shape and brand of the stop.

Conventional sense of marking. The conventional sense of

The marking adopted in the Republic of Argentina is the general direction
What does the navigator bring when approaching a bay or a river from the open sea?
an estuary or another navigable waterway.
DESCRIPTION OF LATERAL SIGNALS

Port Side Signals:

ColorGreen
Shape (Buoys): Cylindrical, tower, espeque
Stop mark A cylindergreen
Lightgreen. Rhythm: any except the main channel's

Starboard Signs:

ColorRed
•Shape (Buoys): Conical, turret, peep
Stop mark A conered,
point facing up
Lightred. Rhythm: any but the main channel one.

Signs of bifurcation:
Preferred channel or starboard.
green, with a wide horizontal red stripe.
•Shape. Cylindrical, with turret or with cabin.
Stop mark: a green cylinder.
Light: white
green
Rhythm flashes in compound groups.
GENERAL RULES FOR SIDE SIGNALS
Forms: when the lateral signals do not have shape buoys
cylindrical or conical that identifies them, should as much as possible carry the
appropriate stop mark.
b) Identification with letters or numbers.

ENROLLMENT CERTIFICATE
It is the written certificate granted by the Argentine Naval Prefecture where
specify the name and surname of the owner, club where it is registered
vessel, name of the vessel, its dimensions, type of
propulsion tonnage, registration number.

Renewal of the certificates. The element certificate is valid for

10 years past that term will have to be processed again by paying the
corresponding tariffs.

The enrollment certificate is valid as long as there are no changes such as

name of the holder club of registration type of propulsion, etc. annually the
certificate of enrollment pay the fee set by the maritime authority,
if these are overdue unpaid or altered, the vessel will not be
enabled for navigation.

NOTIONS ABOUT THE SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING

NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VESSELS
SNEAKERS.

The sports vessels will use the national flag and the distinguishing mark
of the yacht club complying with the established regulations, with
regarding the name; it will be painted on the transom mirror accompanied by
the initials of the corresponding club, the owner will freely choose the
name for your vessel but adhering to good ethics and standards
reserving to the maritime authority the right to reject it when it
consider it inconvenient or offensive.
EQUIPMENT MATERIAL FOR BOATS
SPORTS SHOES.
Nautical instruments: waterproof handheld flashlights, a publication,
International regulations for preventing collisions at sea, signal table for
help.
Navigation and maneuvering elements: anchors, chains, ropes, and cables, one
pala or pestle. Signaling elements, horn or mechanical whistle,
navigation and anchoring lights.
Rescue elements: 2 red handheld flares, life jacket
with one whistle per person, one circular life preserver with a floating rope of 27.5
mts. Required only with vessels with a cabin, elements of
fire and flood fighting, a bilge bucket or pump
pump suitable for the size of the vessel, fire extinguishers
B1 or C1 dry types of 1 kg, 5 liters of foam, 2 kg of CO2.

CREW ENABLEMENT AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES

The powers of the nautical driver are: operation of vessels
motor-propelled sports boats that perform river and lake navigation,
River Plate with the following limits to the north of the imaginary line that
a stone point with the Republic of Uruguay on the south bank of the river
Paraná Guazú in the coastal strip defined between the shoreline and the
Emilio Mitre canal. In the other areas of the Río de la Plata and in the area
maritime the places established by the prefecture, limit of
length 7 meters, can only navigate under favorable weather conditions.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR VESSEL DISPATCH

SPORTS SHOES.
For the sporting vessels traveling to border ports
dispatch is mandatory, processing it in the office of the
Argentine Naval Prefecture corresponding and displaying registration of the
vessel with updated paid duties, certificates of elements
of security, enabling document of the driver, helmsman card
skipper or pilot depending on the vessel they are operating and the trip they are undertaking.

IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS OF THE PASSENGERS.

If minors are traveling, parents must present a notebook of
marriage, if the minor travels alone with the mother, she must have
written authorization from the father signed before a notary and legalized by
the notary school, if the minor travels without their father or mother the person to
cargo must present a similar authorization.
In case of enrollment in process or lost, a certification will be presented.
of the corresponding authority where that circumstance is recorded. It is not
necessary to notify when navigating in the area of our rivers
Argentinians, you must register your departure and subsequent return in the book of
records that the club or nursery where it is tied has for that purpose
The vessel will usually be recorded in the logbook with its name and
vessel registration number, crew roster and
companions, destination or area where it will navigate, date and time of departure,
estimated time of return.
To dispatch a vessel bound for the port of a neighboring country the
the process to comply is the following: the dispatch form must be filled out
by quadrupled and is presented in the Naval Prefecture dependency
Argentina, corresponding there if the documentation presented is in order
it will be processed, with one of the copies being filed, once this is done the
The vessel is cleared to sail within twelve hours, expired
this deadline will require processing a new dispatch. Arrived at the port of
The person in charge will present themselves to the maritime authority of the place.
to process a new dispatch. Upon arriving at the destination port the
the person in charge presents themselves before the local maritime authority to process the
entry of your vessel. There he presents the dispatch forms that
he holds and on which the exit will be established leaving one of
the forms filed in the corresponding office.
SECTORING
DEL
BLACK RIVER
ANNEXES
BEAUFORT MARITIME SCALE (1805)

State of Height
Force docking Effect on land
sea waves
0 Calm 0-2 3 Chicha The entire cloth 0 – 0.4 Right smoke
1 Ventolina 3-6 11 Plain The whole cloth 0 - 6 Inclined smoke
2 Weak 7-11 18 Curly All the cloth 1 - 0 The face feels it
3 Light 12-19 30 Waves The whole cloth 1-5 Smoke almost horizontal
4 Bonancible 20-25 42 Long waves The whole cloth 2 -0 Curly flags
5 Fresh 26-35 50 Surge A curl 2-5 Ironed flags
6 Strong 36-45 65 Thick A curl and focus 2 3-2 Double large frame
7 Hard 46- 55 70 Foam flies 2 curls and 2 jibs 2 4-2 Branch breaker
High waves that
8 Very hard 56-65 83 Cover and storm 5-4 Walking inclined
break
9 Temporal 66-75 100 Unplug Cover, edge, and little storm 6-5 Difficult to walk
White
10 Storm 76-87 120 Cover, edge, and small storm 8-0 Pulls out shrubs
foam
Dissolved
88-
11 Storm 140 few Dry stick 10-0 Dangerous buildings
100
visibility
101 or 160 degrees Waves
12 Hurricane Impossible to navigate 12-0 Heavy things fly
+ + impressive

By Licentiate José Valentín Komar – professor of Meteorology at the Argentine Naval Prefecture.
BETS

COMMUNICATIONS
VISUAL SIGNALS
NAUTICAL SAYINGS OR JARGONS
Don't trust your skin to the young in the south and the old in the north.

The strong wind brought the end, with a short and cold downpour.
Lazy animals, stormy weather.
Red sky in the morning, at night it's water.
East's dawn, morning water.
Crimson of all the capes, time of the devils
Sunsets at night, in the morning they are suns.
Behind a downpour, the wind is less severe.
Ruby dawn, it always rains later.
The sea bird that seeks a burrow announces a storm in this way.
Boat to the deck, sailor to the hammock.
The Pampero sweeps the sky after some downpour.
A ship that reaches another will govern without delay.
Cloudy sky, wet after three days.
Paved sky, wet ground.
Mottled sky, fresh wind, grabbed.
Mottled sky, the other day wet.
Red sky at dawn, beware that the weather is getting angry.
Red sky at dawn, the sea shall move.
Evening red sky, the hope belongs to the sailor
Sky without clouds and stars without shine, takes a little jerk to the gaff.
Cared coders and anchors avoid sad graveling.
With calmness and in a timely manner, backing up is advisable if it crashes and goes away.

Pique, it is useless to shout.

With the very sure time in summer, the sun leads to the wind of the
hand
With a following wind and little progress, the ship will be crossed.
When the barometer swings slowly, it senses a great wind.
Dolphins that jump a lot bring wind and scare calm.
After rain comes fog, good weather follows.
After rain, snow, to enjoy the velereada.
After a downpour, wind less severe.
The barometer, if it slowly rises, is because the wind carries it.
He who wishes to lie will only need to predict.
The propellers must be monitored when moored and unmoored.
In winter, a very clear night, the sun that follows does not show its face.

In coastal navigation, mark, sounding, and log.

Between a steamboat and a sailboat, the former will always prevail.
It is the SW, although soft, dry like the serious man
Illusion in sight, bad weather is preparing.
Always be vigilant and also keep in mind if there is risk ahead.
moderate, for the one behind.
Clear east, dark north, sure Pampero
A star with a bright light will change the wind instantly.
Seagull flying to land, sailor curling the sails.
There is space ahead, all forces move forward.
Clear and lightning-strike horizon, good and suffocating weather.
The maneuver is reckless if the current is coming from the stern.
The fog that accumulates in a given place as it clears, the wind comes to

certainly announce from that side.

East wind rain leaves nothing in front.
Rain in the morning will bring a wet night.
When the moon rises red, it announces that there will be a windstorm.

Yellow or reddish moon that will rain foretells.

A yellow and watery moon forecasts a wet spell.
A full and wet moon brings ten days of rain.
Moon with a halo, damp or bad weather tomorrow.
A maneuver once begun should never be changed.
Maneuvering in reverse, slowly and little, is also effective.
Curled wave against the wave while the wind rolls.
Constant marking, you take it ahead.
Much light and few thunder bring at least water.
Winter night like a charm, the next day with sun.
Gloomy winter night, the next beautiful day.
Clear north, dark south, downpour is certain.
Strong north, sure Pampero.
Low clouds on the radar, on the ground making their approach is good weather

wish
Low clouds and with smoke, which I presume bring a lot of water.
Bearded clouds, wind in heaps
Clouds with stripes or edges, hold the bunions well.
Stretched clouds very whipped, very fresh breezes at the entrance.
Through the clouds, cat's tail, the wind is going to give us a bad time.

San Telmo shines on deck, for it closes the hatch well.

San Telmo in the rigging foretells much wind and sea.
If by any chance the green is seen on your port side, keep moving forward with a watchful eye, it should be...

the other move.

If you see red on the starboard side, you must act carefully, it falls to one side or the other,

for the commander.

If the seagulls go to the sea... sailor to the sheets!
If you have sighted both lights of a vessel ahead, you must turn to starboard.

showing your redness.

If I see a ship, I first mark it, then I find out if it is a steamboat or

sailboat.
If the green is given with the green or the red with its equal, then nothing happens.
loses its way, each one to their own course.
If after the wind there are thunderstorms, very good days will follow.
If the ship is without propulsion, it is not affected by wind or swell.
If it is a sailing boat that you see maneuvering, you are obliged to do so, as you should never...

crossing or bothering its march.

If there is water after the wind, your boat will sail happily.
If the rain catches you before the wind, prepare the sails without losing a moment,

but if the wind caught you first, hoist the sails; up sailor!
If it rains in the early morning, nothing happens at noon.
If it lightens and thunders, there will be wind from where it sounds.

If you go out sailing, don't tire yourself preparing.

If the storm calms you and rolls in from the North, a storm is likely.
the water up to the throat.
If a north has been lost to you, it is hidden in the south.
If it rains and then the wind blows everything away, you should go inside.
Sun making its fan, water and wind through your snout.
Unshaven sun soon is watered down
Setting sun in red sky, good weather in the morning.
Southwest wet three days delayed.
Time soon to declare will not take long to be absent.
It will soon declare itself, it won't take long to leave.
Time comes slowly, and is also reluctant to leave.
Thunder with a new moon, prepare for rain.
A thunder never repeated has brought good weather.
East wind brings rain like a plague.
Upon returning to the home port, the entry record will be established there.
dependency, within twenty-four (24) hours of arrival.