Quality Standards
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsQuality Standards
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsQuality control of fabrics
There are three stages where quality control can be performed sequentially:
Quality control of raw materials (yarns)
Quality control during the production process (weaving)
Quality control of the finished product (fabrics)
The quality process is an exclusive process, meaning that if the raw materials do not pass
satisfactorily the quality control cannot start the production process and
Similarly, if quality control during the manufacturing process yields results
unsatisfactory will not be able to continue.
Quality control parameters of fabrics
Due to the fact that each specific fabric has its own characteristics, it must be established
what are the parameters of specific controls both in textile construction and in
ennoblement that has taken place.
Quality control standards for fabrics
Following the information provided by the National Institute of Industrial Technology in the
In the Textiles area, the standards and equipment used for controlling the most parameters are detailed.
common in fabrics. It is worth mentioning the fact that this institution has an extensive
library where, among more than 1000 books and magazines on textile specialization, there is a
collection of IRAM, AAQCT, INSTO, COPANT, DF, UNE, AFNOR, DIN, ASTM, BIS, and ISO standards
among others,
WEIGHT PER UNIT OF AREA
This essay consists of measuring the mass of the fabric per unit area.
expressed in g/m². It is applicable when a small sample is sent to the laboratory for
to be used as a test specimen. The results are considered to be applicable
only to the sample, and not necessarily to the batch from which it was extracted.
Material to which it is applied: Fabrics
Standard: ASTM D3776-96
DETERMINATION OF THE DENSITY OF A TISSUE
Its purpose is to determine the number of threads and passes contained in a
unit of length. The standard establishes two methods of which the most is chosen
adequate depending on the ligament of the tissue to be analyzed.
Norma:NCh 1164 Of.76
Material to which it is applied: Flat fabrics
DETERMINATION OF THE TENDENCY OF THE SURFACE OF A FABRIC TO FORM PILE AND/OR
PILLING
Method for determining the resistance to pilling formation (tiny balls)
formed on the surface of the specimen) and to the change of the surface of the fabrics.
Material to be applied: Knit and Woven Fabrics
Standard: ISO 12945–1:2001
TEST METHOD TO DETERMINE COLOR FASTNESS TO DOMESTIC WASHING
INDUSTRIAL
Description: It is carried out to evaluate the color stability of textiles, which are expected to
they support frequent washes. The color of the fabric fades and the surface changes as a result
from the detergent solution and the abrasive action that represent 5 consecutive washes
homemade or commercial, with or without chlorine.
Material to which it is applied: All types of fabrics, non-wovens and/or yarns
Standard: AATCC 61–2004
TESTING METHOD TO DETERMINE COLOR FASTNESS TO LIGHT
TEXTILE MATERIALS
Description: The testing methods that provide the principles are established.
general procedures currently used to determine colorfastness to
light of textile materials. The testing operations described are applicable to materials
textiles of all kinds.
Material to which it is applied: All types of fabrics, non-wovens and/or yarns
Norm: AATCC Test Method 16
TEST METHOD FOR FLAME RESISTANCE OF FABRICS (VERTICAL TEST)
This testing procedure describes the determination of the combustion duration
with flame and without flame, as well as from the surfaces damaged by the action of a flame
normalized applied on screens. This method should be used only to measure and
describe the properties of fabrics in response to flame, under controlled conditions of
laboratory
Material applied to: All types of textiles
Standard: ASTM D 6413-99 and NCh 1979 Of. 87
DETERMINATION OF TEAR RESISTANCE BY THE DROP METHOD
PENDULUM
Description: It is a method for determining the force required to propagate the
tear, through a distance and from a defined opening, cut in a
specimen of fabric testing, under specified load conditions. The testing method
it is suitable for all types of woven fabrics (treated and untreated). The method is not
applicable for non-woven or knitted fabrics.
Material applied to: Flat textiles
Standard: ASTM D 1424-96
SHIRLEY CREASE RECOVERY TESTER & LOADING DEVICE
Description: To determine the recovery properties of the
tissues by split in a loading device for a time
predetermined using an appropriate weight for the specified testing method. After
After transferring the sample to the tester's clamp, the sample is allowed to recover.
and record the recovery angle
Material to which it is applied: All types of fabrics
Norm: BS 22313, ISO 2313, AATCC 66.
SHIRLEY FABRIC STIFFNESS TESTER
Description: To determine the flexural height, flexural rigidity, and flexural modulus of
woven by simple procedures and calculations.
Norm: BS 22313, BS 3356/9073-7, ASTM D1388, ERT 50-3
ST300 SOFTNESS TESTERS
Description: The deflection of the material, while held above an opening of a
known diameter is measured when subjected to a specific applied load
through a pin with a smaller diameter. The deviation is read on the analog gauge.
Materials to which it applies: Leather, coated fabrics, and other soft materials.
Norm:IUP 36
ELMENDORF TEARING TESTER
Description: To determine the ballistic tear resistance. They range from 8000
at 64000 miliNewtons with the appropriate pendulum.
Type A Pendulum. 8000 MN.
Type B Pendulum. 16000 MN.
Type C Pendulum. 32000 MN.
Type D Pendulum. 64000 MN.
Material to which it is applied: Fabrics, paper or cardboard
Standards: BS 4153, ASTM D1424, DIN 53862
SHIRLEY HYDROSTATIC HEAD TESTER
Description: To determine the resistance of the tissues to penetration of the
water under pressure while firmly held in the testing device of area 100 cm². The
Water pressure is applied through compressed air and water.
distilled, with a water column range of 0–1500 cm ± 0.1% of full scale recorded
on a digital screen. The rate of increase is adjustable via digital control and display and
it is recorded in centimeters per minute.
Material to which it is applied: Fabrics
Norma:BS 20811/3321, AATCC 127, DIN 53886, AFNOR G07-057, ERT 120-1/160-0, ISO 811
ELECTRONIC AIR PERMEABILITY TESTER
Description: To determine the air permeability of a wide range of fabrics.
and textile materials using a testing pressure of airflow through a hole
variable.
Material to which it is applied: Knitted and non-woven fabrics
Standard: BS 5636, JIS L 1096A, DIN 53887, EDANA 140.1, ASTM D737, AFNOR G07-11, TAPPI
T251
SHIRLEY FLAMMABILITY TESTERS
Description: To determine the flammability resistance of orientation fabrics
vertical and soft fabric toys.
Material to which it is applied: Fabrics of any kind
Standard: BS 5438/5722/5866/6249/6341, DIN 54335/54336/66080, ISO 6490/6491
TABER WEAR AND ABRASION TESTERS
Description: To determine the wear resistance of all types of structures,
including metals, paints, surfaces, silver coating materials,
textiles, leather, and rubber. Use pattern X of the abrasion produced by an action
rotary of a pair of abrasive wheels.
Material to which it is applied: Fabrics of any kind
Norm: ISO 5470, ASTM D737, FED.CCC. 5306/5309
Equipment for quality control of fabrics
The control equipment for laboratory tests must meet the requirements
specified in the corresponding quality standards so that the use of the standard can
take as valid. The necessary equipment for a fabric quality control laboratory
they can be grouped like this:
