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Page 1 - Cell Structure and Function

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3 views2 pages

Page 1 - Cell Structure and Function

Uploaded by

Maya Nyerere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Page 1: Cell Structure and Function

Cell Theory

● All living organisms are made of cells.

● The cell is the basic unit of life.

● All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Types of Cells

● Prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea)

○ No nucleus, DNA in cytoplasm.

○ Small (1–10 μm).

○ No membrane-bound organelles.

○ Reproduce by binary fission.

● Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)

○ DNA in nucleus.

○ Larger (10–100 μm).

○ Have membrane-bound organelles.

Organelles

● Nucleus – stores DNA, controls cell activities.

● Mitochondria – site of aerobic respiration, ATP production.

● Ribosomes – protein synthesis (free or on rough ER).

● Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

○ Rough ER: has ribosomes, makes proteins.

○ Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, detoxification.

● Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, packages proteins.


● Lysosomes – contain digestive enzymes (animal cells).

● Chloroplasts – photosynthesis (plant cells).

● Vacuole – storage (large in plants).

● Cell membrane – semi-permeable barrier, controls transport.

● Cell wall – rigid support (plants, fungi, some prokaryotes)

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